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MiXCR Amplicon Alignment

Align amplicon sequencing reads against your own reference construct instead of a germline database. This Platforma block uses MiXCR to annotate synthetic antibody and TCR libraries — the kind used in phage and yeast display — where diversity is engineered into defined regions of a known scaffold, and reports per-sample clonotypes with full alignment QC.

Open-source analysis block for Platforma, the biologics discovery platform by MiLaboratories. For the full no-code workflow, see platforma.bio.

What it does

Natural repertoires are annotated by aligning reads to a public germline database such as IMGT. Synthetic libraries cannot be, because their framework is a fixed engineered scaffold and their diversity is deliberately introduced at specific positions. Aligning them to germline genes produces poor hit rates and mis-assigned regions.

The MiXCR Amplicon Alignment block takes the reference construct you supply, builds a MiXCR reference library from it, and aligns your reads against that. Region boundaries — FR1 through FR4, CDR1 through CDR3 — are resolved on your own scaffold, so randomized positions are read out precisely rather than approximated.

You can provide the reference four ways: upload a FASTA file, paste FASTA directly, upload a prebuilt MiXCR library file, or build a library entry region by region in the UI (optionally auto-filling anchor points from an uploaded VDJ FASTA). Reads are then assembled into clonotypes by a feature you choose — the full VDJRegion, CDR3 alone, or any range such as CDR1:CDR3 or FR2:FR4 — with the option to impute regions the amplicon does not cover from germline.

For display campaigns, the block can translate through stop codons: select Amber (TAG), Ochre (TAA), or Opal/Umber (TGA) and give the residue each should be read as, matching the suppressor strain used in your selection. UMI and barcode extraction is configured with a MiXCR tag pattern, so abundances are counted by unique molecule rather than by read where the library design allows it.

Results include a per-sample alignment summary showing exactly why reads failed, a QC report table of alignment and assembly metrics across all samples, per-sample MiXCR reports and logs, the generated reference library, and raw TSV export.

Inputs & outputs

  • Input: FASTA or FASTQ sequencing data (single or paired-end, optionally gzipped) plus a reference construct — as a FASTA file, pasted FASTA, a MiXCR library file, or a library built region by region in the block
  • Output: a clonotype dataset with per-sample abundances and region sequences, consumable by any downstream Platforma block; a QC report table of per-sample alignment and assembly metrics; per-sample reports, logs, and alignment charts; the generated reference library; raw TSV export

Specifications

Block title in app MiXCR Amplicon Alignment
Aligner MiXCR — aligns to a user-supplied reference, not a germline database
Reference input FASTA file, pasted FASTA, MiXCR library file, or built region by region in the UI
Chains IG Heavy (default), IG Light, TCR-α, TCR-β, TCR-ɣ, TCR-δ
Assembling feature VDJRegion (default), CDR3, ranges such as FR1:FR4 / CDR1:CDR3 / FR3:FR4, or a custom feature; non-covered regions can be imputed from germline
Error correction Relaxed (recommended for synthetic libraries), MiXCR default, or off
UMI / barcodes MiXCR tag pattern, for UMI-corrected abundances
Stop codon handling Amber (TAG), Ochre (TAA), Opal/Umber (TGA) — each with a configurable replacement residue
Other settings Assembly quality threshold, read limit for dry runs, per-sample memory and CPU

Use cases

  • Phage and yeast display libraries: annotate selection-round sequencing against the exact construct used in the campaign.
  • Library QC: use the alignment summary and QC report table to confirm that reads match the intended construct before drawing conclusions about diversity.
  • UMI-corrected abundances: extract UMIs with a tag pattern so amplification bias does not inflate clonotype frequencies.
  • Nanobody and single-domain libraries: align VHH constructs supplied as a single reference sequence.

Downstream analysis

The clonotype dataset feeds the rest of the Platforma antibody discovery workflow:

FAQ

When should I use this block instead of MiXCR Clonotyping?

Use MiXCR Amplicon Alignment when your library is built on a known engineered scaffold and you have its reference sequence — synthetic libraries, display campaigns, mutagenesis panels. Use MiXCR Clonotyping when you are profiling a natural repertoire and need clonotypes discovered against germline genes.

What reference sequence should I provide?

The exact variable region of your construct, in frame. Result quality depends almost entirely on this: an incorrect, out-of-frame, or partial reference produces low alignment rates and unreliable region assignment.

Can I use it for TCR libraries?

Yes. Chain selection covers IG Heavy, IG Light, and all four TCR chains (α, β, ɣ, δ).

How do I get UMI-corrected counts?

Supply a MiXCR tag pattern describing where the UMI sits in your reads — for example ^(UMI:N{12})(R1:*)\^(R2:*) for a 12 bp UMI at the start of Read 1 in a paired-end run. Abundances are then counted per unique molecule. See the MiXCR tag pattern reference.

Why are stop codon settings there?

Display libraries are often propagated in suppressor strains that read a stop codon as an amino acid — amber suppression reading TAG as glutamine, for instance. Without this setting those clonotypes are discarded as non-productive. Selecting the codon and its replacement residue keeps them in the analysis.

Which error correction mode should I pick?

Relaxed is recommended for most synthetic libraries: mutagenesis-derived diversity is high, and this mode handles it efficiently. Use MiXCR's default mode for lower-quality or long-read data. Turning correction off is fastest but can report erroneous clonotypes as real diversity.

My alignment rate is low — what now?

Check the per-sample alignment summary; it breaks failures down by cause. "No gene hits" points at a reference that does not match the reads. Also confirm the chain selection, and that any tag pattern matches your actual read layout — an incorrect pattern shows up as reads failing on "no barcode".

Do I need a MiXCR license?

Yes. MiXCR requires a license key, which is free for academic scientists, PhD students, and non-profit R&D centres; commercial use requires a business licence. Keys are available at platforma.bio/getlicense.

References

Bolotin, D. A., Poslavsky, S., Mitrophanov, I., Shugay, M., Mamedov, I. Z., Putintseva, E. V., & Chudakov, D. M. (2015). MiXCR: software for comprehensive adaptive immunity profiling. Nature Methods 12(5), 380–381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3364

Bolotin, D. A., Poslavsky, S., Davydov, A. N., et al. (2017). Antigen receptor repertoire profiling from RNA-seq data. Nature Biotechnology 35(10), 908–911. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3979

Part of the Platforma ecosystem

This block is part of Platforma by MiLaboratories, built on MiXCR. Explore the other open-source blocks at github.com/platforma-open, and see the step-by-step guide at Annotating Bulk Synthetic Libraries.

About

Align amplicon sequencing reads against your own reference construct instead of a germline database. Used for synthetic antibody and TCR libraries where diversity is engineered into defined regions of a known scaffold, and reports per-sample clonotypes with full alignment QC.

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