[#12063] fix(hudi): complete V3 type compatibility

catalogs/catalog-lakehouse-hudi/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/catalog/lakehouse/hudi/HudiCatalogOperations.java

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 import org.apache.gravitino.rel.expressions.sorts.SortOrder;
 import org.apache.gravitino.rel.expressions.transforms.Transform;
 import org.apache.gravitino.rel.indexes.Index;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.types.Type;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.types.Types;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -237,6 +239,9 @@ public Table createTable(
       SortOrder[] sortOrders,
       Index[] indexes)
       throws NoSuchSchemaException, TableAlreadyExistsException {
+    for (Column column : columns) {
+      validateWritableType(column.dataType());
+    }
     return hudiCatalogBackendOps.createTable(
         ident, columns, comment, properties, partitions, distribution, sortOrders, indexes);
   }
@@ -266,4 +271,52 @@ public Table alterTable(NameIdentifier ident, TableChange... changes)
   public boolean dropTable(NameIdentifier ident) {
     return hudiCatalogBackendOps.dropTable(ident);
   }
+
+  private static void validateWritableType(Type type) {
+    if (type instanceof Types.GeographyType) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: geography. "
+              + "Hudi 0.15 does not define a Geography type that preserves CRS and edge "
+              + "algorithm semantics.");
+    }
+    if (type instanceof Types.GeometryType) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: geometry. "
+              + "Hudi 0.15 does not define a Geometry type that preserves CRS semantics.");
+    }
+    if (type instanceof Types.NullType) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: unknown. "
+              + "Hudi 0.15 table columns require a concrete value type.");
+    }
+    if (type instanceof Types.VariantType) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: variant. "
+              + "Hudi 0.15 does not define a Variant column type.");
+    }
+    if (type instanceof Types.TimestampType) {
+      Types.TimestampType timestampType = (Types.TimestampType) type;
+      if (timestampType.hasPrecisionSet() && timestampType.precision() > 6) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: "
+                + type.simpleString()
+                + ". Hudi 0.15 cannot preserve timestamp precision greater than 6.");
+      }
+    }
+    if (type instanceof Types.ListType) {
+      validateWritableType(((Types.ListType) type).elementType());
+    } else if (type instanceof Types.MapType) {
+      Types.MapType mapType = (Types.MapType) type;
+      validateWritableType(mapType.keyType());
+      validateWritableType(mapType.valueType());
+    } else if (type instanceof Types.StructType) {
+      for (Types.StructType.Field field : ((Types.StructType) type).fields()) {
+        validateWritableType(field.type());
+      }
+    } else if (type instanceof Types.UnionType) {
+      for (Type unionType : ((Types.UnionType) type).types()) {
+        validateWritableType(unionType);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }

catalogs/catalog-lakehouse-hudi/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/catalog/lakehouse/hudi/TestHudiCatalogOperations.java

@@ -21,13 +21,21 @@
 import static org.apache.gravitino.catalog.lakehouse.hudi.HudiCatalogPropertiesMetadata.CATALOG_BACKEND;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import org.apache.gravitino.NameIdentifier;
 import org.apache.gravitino.catalog.lakehouse.hudi.backend.hms.HudiHMSBackendOps;
 import org.apache.gravitino.catalog.lakehouse.hudi.ops.InMemoryBackendOps;
 import org.apache.gravitino.connector.HasPropertyMetadata;
 import org.apache.gravitino.connector.PropertiesMetadata;
 import org.apache.gravitino.exceptions.NoSuchSchemaException;
 import org.apache.gravitino.exceptions.NoSuchTableException;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.Column;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.expressions.distributions.Distributions;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.expressions.sorts.SortOrders;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.expressions.transforms.Transforms;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.indexes.Indexes;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.types.Type;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.types.Types;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
@@ -137,4 +145,77 @@ public void testLoadTable() throws Exception {
           () -> ops.loadTable(NameIdentifier.of("metalake", "catalog", "table")));
     }
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateTableRejectsNanosecondTimestampsBeforeBackendCall() throws Exception {
+    assertCreateRejected(
+        Types.TimestampType.withoutTimeZone(9),
+        "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: timestamp(9). "
+            + "Hudi 0.15 cannot preserve timestamp precision greater than 6.");
+    assertCreateRejected(
+        Types.TimestampType.withTimeZone(9),
+        "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: timestamp_tz(9). "
+            + "Hudi 0.15 cannot preserve timestamp precision greater than 6.");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateTableRejectsVariantBeforeBackendCall() throws Exception {
+    assertCreateRejected(
+        Types.VariantType.get(),
+        "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: variant. "
+            + "Hudi 0.15 does not define a Variant column type.");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateTableRejectsUnknownBeforeBackendCall() throws Exception {
+    assertCreateRejected(
+        Types.NullType.get(),
+        "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: unknown. "
+            + "Hudi 0.15 table columns require a concrete value type.");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateTableRejectsGeometryBeforeBackendCall() throws Exception {
+    assertCreateRejected(
+        Types.GeometryType.of("EPSG:3857"),
+        "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: geometry. "
+            + "Hudi 0.15 does not define a Geometry type that preserves CRS semantics.");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateTableRejectsGeographyBeforeBackendCall() throws Exception {
+    assertCreateRejected(
+        Types.GeographyType.of("EPSG:4326", "SPHERICAL"),
+        "Unsupported Gravitino type for Hudi: geography. "
+            + "Hudi 0.15 does not define a Geography type that preserves CRS and edge "
+            + "algorithm semantics.");
+  }
+
+  private static void assertCreateRejected(Type type, String expectedMessage) throws Exception {
+    try (InMemoryBackendOps backend = new InMemoryBackendOps()) {
+      HudiCatalogOperations ops = new HudiCatalogOperations();
+      ops.hudiCatalogBackendOps = backend;
+      NameIdentifier ident = NameIdentifier.of("metalake", "catalog", "schema", "table");
+      Column[] columns = {
+        HudiColumn.builder().withName("v3_column").withType(type).withNullable(true).build()
+      };
+
+      IllegalArgumentException error =
+          Assertions.assertThrows(
+              IllegalArgumentException.class,
+              () ->
+                  ops.createTable(
+                      ident,
+                      columns,
+                      null,
+                      Collections.emptyMap(),
+                      Transforms.EMPTY_TRANSFORM,
+                      Distributions.NONE,
+                      SortOrders.NONE,
+                      Indexes.EMPTY_INDEXES));
+
+      Assertions.assertEquals(expectedMessage, error.getMessage());
+      Assertions.assertFalse(backend.tableExists(ident));
+    }
+  }
 }

docs/lakehouse-hudi-catalog.md

@@ -121,6 +121,18 @@ The following table shows the mapping between Gravitino and [Apache Hudi column
 | `map`          | `map`            |
 | `struct`       | `struct`         |
 
+#### V3 Type Write Compatibility
+
+The current Gravitino Hudi catalog is read-only. It nevertheless validates V3 column types before delegating a create request so that an incompatible type returns a deterministic invalid-argument error without invoking the backend.
+
+| Gravitino Type                       | Hudi 0.15 Write Outcome |
+|--------------------------------------|-------------------------|
+| `timestamp(9)` / `timestamp_tz(9)`  | Rejected before the backend is called. Hudi 0.15 supports timestamp logical types only through microsecond precision. |
+| `variant`                            | Rejected before the backend is called. Hudi 0.15 does not define a Variant column type. |
+| `unknown`                            | Rejected before the backend is called. Hudi 0.15 table columns require a concrete value type. |
+| `geometry(crs)`                      | Rejected before the backend is called. Hudi 0.15 does not define a Geometry type that preserves CRS semantics. |
+| `geography(crs, algorithm)`          | Rejected before the backend is called. Hudi 0.15 does not define a Geography type that preserves CRS and edge-algorithm semantics. |
+
 ### Table Operations
 
 Only support read operations: listTable, loadTable, and tableExists.