[#12063] fix(hudi): complete V3 type compatibility

[nevzheng]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Define and document Hudi compatibility for the five Gravitino V3-native type families.

Nanosecond timestamps, Variant, Unknown/Null, Geometry, and Geography are rejected before invoking the Hudi backend.

Why are the changes needed?

The current Hudi catalog path cannot preserve the complete semantics of these families. Early validation provides deterministic behavior and prevents a rejected schema from reaching backend operations.

Fix: #12063

Related: #12056

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. Unsupported V3-native schemas now fail explicitly before backend invocation.

How was this patch tested?

• Added focused converter and operation rejection coverage.
• Verified an in-memory backend is not called.
• Verified no table exists after rejection.
• Updated docs/lakehouse-hudi-catalog.md.

[github-actions]

Code Coverage Report

Overall Project	67.88% -0.01%	🟢
Files changed	55.74%	🔴

Module	Coverage
aliyun	1.72%	🔴
api	47.82%	🟢
authorization-common	85.96%	🟢
aws	42.04%	🟢
azure	2.47%	🔴
catalog-common	9.92%	🔴
catalog-fileset	80.23%	🟢
catalog-glue	66.91%	🟢
catalog-hive	79.42%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-clickhouse	81.74%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-common	44.22%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-doris	81.6%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-hologres	54.03%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-mysql	79.23%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-oceanbase	80.91%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-postgresql	82.29%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-starrocks	78.51%	🟢
catalog-kafka	77.01%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-generic	59.18%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-hudi	76.84% -6.1%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-iceberg	86.48%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-paimon	84.25%	🟢
catalog-model	77.72%	🟢
cli	44.5%	🟢
client-java	78.29%	🟢
common	51.95%	🟢
core	82.53%	🟢
filesystem-hadoop3	77.3%	🟢
flink	0.0%	🔴
flink-common	47.09%	🟢
flink-runtime	0.0%	🔴
gcp	14.12%	🔴
hadoop-auth	68.0%	🟢
hadoop-common	12.7%	🔴
hive-metastore-common	53.29%	🟢
iceberg-common	63.63%	🟢
iceberg-rest-server	74.9%	🟢
idp-basic	86.02%	🟢
integration-test-common	0.0%	🔴
jobs	66.17%	🟢
lance-common	20.67%	🔴
lance-rest-server	64.84%	🟢
lineage	53.02%	🟢
optimizer	83.24%	🟢
optimizer-api	21.95%	🔴
server	85.97%	🟢
server-common	75.78%	🟢
spark	28.57%	🔴
spark-common	46.01%	🟢
tencent	69.84%	🟢
trino-connector	40.29%	🟢

Files

Module	File	Coverage
catalog-lakehouse-hudi	HudiCatalogOperations.java	55.74%	🔴