CellStack

Composable energy infrastructure for second-life EV batteries

🧠 Overview

CellStack is a hardware–software interface layer that enables electric vehicle battery packs to function as grid-compatible energy storage systems.

It bridges proprietary Battery Management System (BMS) protocols with standardized inverter communication, transforming fragmented EV batteries into modular, interoperable energy assets.

CellStack abstracts low-level battery complexity into a stack-based architecture, allowing developers and energy systems to treat storage as a programmable resource.

⚙️ Architecture EV Battery (BMS Layer) ⇅ CellStack (Protocol + Control Layer) ⇅ Inverter / Grid (Energy Layer) 🔬 Mathematical Model

CellStack operates under real-time electrical and control constraints:

⚡ Power Regulation

P=V⋅I

Dynamic control of current ensures safe power exchange between battery and inverter.

🔋 Energy Accumulation E=∫ 0 T ​

V(t)I(t)dt

Defines total usable energy delivered to the system.

📊 State of Charge (SoC) SoC(t)=SoC 0 ​

− C 1 ​

∫ 0 t ​

I(τ)dτ

Tracks remaining battery capacity over time.

🔥 Loss Function (Thermal + Resistive) P loss ​

=I 2 R

Used to estimate inefficiencies and thermal stress.

⚠️ Safety Constraints V min ​

≤V cell ​

≤V max ​

T≤T critical ​

CellStack enforces hard safety limits before allowing power flow.

🧩 Core Components Protocol Translation Engine Converts EV CAN bus signals into inverter-compatible messages Control Loop Engine Real-time monitoring of: Voltage Current Temperature State of Charge Battery Abstraction Layer Normalizes different EV battery types into a unified interface Inverter Emulation Layer Mimics supported commercial battery systems Web Interface + OTA Configuration, diagnostics, and remote updates 🔌 Hardware ESP32 microcontroller CAN bus transceivers High-voltage interface connections Auxiliary power supply 🌍 Use Cases Home solar energy storage Microgrid infrastructure Off-grid systems EV battery repurposing Energy arbitrage systems ⚠️ Safety Notice

This project involves high-voltage battery systems.

Improper handling can lead to:

Severe injury Fire hazards Equipment failure

Always follow electrical safety standards and regulations.

🚀 Vision

CellStack defines a modular energy stack, where:

Batteries become interoperable Storage becomes programmable Energy systems become composable 🏷️ Topics