Footprint2Graph

Footprint2graph is an open-source Python processing pipeline (MIT license) for generating mobility networks from GNSS trajectories recorded during outdoor recreational activities. The output dataset representing, for example, hikers’ or runners’ network within a defined spatial and temporal extent.

The pipeline consists of several components, including GNSS point map-matching onto a network, trajectory merging and grid-based processing, all implemented using the Tracklib Python library.

Documentation

The online documentation is available at ReadTheDocs

Specifically, the documentation includes end-to-end example:

• with a set of simulated trajectories generated from a network : quickstart example

Citation

If you use footprint2Graph, please cite the following references:

Marie-Dominique van Damme, Yann Méneroux. footprint2graph: An Open-Source Python Pipeline for Generating Mobility Networks from GNSS Trajectories. 2026. [HAL Id](https://hal.science/hal-05665743v1)

@softwareversion{vandamme:hal-05665743v1,
  TITLE = {{footprint2graph: An Open-Source Python Pipeline for Generating Mobility Networks from GNSS Trajectories}},
  AUTHOR = {van Damme, Marie-Dominique and M{\'e}neroux, Yann},
  URL = {https://hal.science/hal-05665743},
  NOTE = {},
  PUBLISHER = {{Zenodo}},
  INSTITUTION = {{Institut National de l'Information G{\'e}ographique et Foresti{\`e}re}},
  YEAR = {2026},
  MONTH = Jun,
  DOI = {10.5281/zenodo.20800149},
  VERSION = {v1.1.1},
  REPOSITORY = {https://github.com/umrlastig/footprint2graph},
  LICENSE = {MIT License},
  KEYWORDS = {Spatial graph ; Trajectory ; GNSS ; human mobility},
  FILE = {https://hal.science/hal-05665743v1/file/footprint2graph-1.1.1.tar.gz},
  HAL_ID = {hal-05665743},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

Acknowledgments

This framework was developed as part of the IntForOut research Project (Multisource spatial data INTegration FOR the Monitoring of Ecosystems under the pressure of OUTdoor recreation) and was supported by the ANR under grant agreement no. ANR-23-CE55-0003.

We acknowledge Filip Todić for the GitHub repository (https://github.com/fitodic/centerline), from which the code implementing a Voronoi-based centerline extraction algorithm has been used.

Development & Contributions

• Institute: LASTIG, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Géodata Paris, IGN
• License: MIT license
• Authors:
  • Marie-Dominique Van Damme
  • Yann Méneroux