Add Effect runtime benchmark ceilings

[SandroMaglione]

Summary

• add Effect-only lifecycle reference points for fibers, queue workers, actor shells, and two-shell families
• add coordination reference points for mutable snapshots, synchronized snapshots, and terminal latches
• report raw compiled-process lifecycle and memory alongside the existing generic-process and statechart profiles
• render runtime reference points separately from cross-library scenarios and document their interpretation

Changeset

• Added or updated for a library or package-metadata change
• Not required because this PR does not change src/ or package.json

Validation

• pnpm check
• Relevant example checks, when examples changed (not applicable; no examples changed)
• Reviewed the automated type-performance report, when the public TypeScript API or inference changed (not applicable; no public API change)
• Reviewed the automated runtime-performance report, when runtime behavior changed (three independent local full processes plus the quick report renderer)

[github-actions]

Type performance

Measured with TypeScript 6.0.3 and skipLibCheck=true.

Scenario	Base	PR	Difference
Effect only	55	55	0 (0.0%)
Import effect-machine	55	55	0 (0.0%)
Machine.defineStates (3 states)	2,965	2,965	0 (0.0%)
Machine.make (3 states, 2 events)	8,715	8,715	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (3 states, 2 transitions)	23,492	23,492	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 8)	117,075	117,075	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 12)	129,713	129,713	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 16)	145,055	145,055	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 24)	183,851	183,851	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (wide depth 16)	214,189	214,189	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (parallel/history/choice)	132,667	132,667	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (4 successive calls)	128,674	128,674	0 (0.0%)
machine exact input/output/error/services	110,584	110,584	0 (0.0%)
execution adapter readiness	127,854	127,854	0 (0.0%)

Marginal instantiations are measured against the matching setup without that API call:

Scenario	Base	PR	Difference
Import effect-machine	0	0	0
Machine.defineStates (3 states)	2,910	2,910	0 (0.0%)
Machine.make (3 states, 2 events)	5,742	5,742	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (3 states, 2 transitions)	14,777	14,777	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 8)	109,601	109,601	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 12)	121,039	121,039	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 16)	135,181	135,181	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 24)	171,577	171,577	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (wide depth 16)	202,224	202,224	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (parallel/history/choice)	114,331	114,331	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (4 successive calls)	113,703	113,703	0 (0.0%)
machine exact input/output/error/services	100,670	100,670	0 (0.0%)
execution adapter readiness	102,092	102,092	0 (0.0%)

Check times (informational)

Scenario	Base	PR
Effect only	0.03s	0.04s
Import effect-machine	0.03s	0.03s
Machine.defineStates (3 states)	0.11s	0.10s
Machine.make (3 states, 2 events)	0.16s	0.16s
machine.handle (3 states, 2 transitions)	0.22s	0.23s
machine.handle (depth 8)	0.52s	0.52s
machine.handle (depth 12)	0.55s	0.57s
machine.handle (depth 16)	0.61s	0.61s
machine.handle (depth 24)	0.70s	0.71s
machine.handle (wide depth 16)	0.76s	0.77s
machine.handle (parallel/history/choice)	0.60s	0.62s
machine.handle (4 successive calls)	0.58s	0.58s
machine exact input/output/error/services	0.51s	0.50s
execution adapter readiness	0.58s	0.58s

Type instantiations are the comparison metric. Check time varies with runner load and is informational only.

[github-actions]

Runtime performance

Median of 5 independent benchmark processes on AMD EPYC 9V74 80-Core Processor with Node v24.18.0.

Pull request baseline

Scenario	Effect Machine	XState 5	XState 6 alpha	Effect runtime primitives
Plan counter transitions	132,775 transitions/s	178,864 transitions/s	147,715 transitions/s	—
Drain burst with terminal fence	105,954 increments/s	507,168 increments/s	137,371 increments/s	—
Drain burst with a change observer	86,300 increments/s	503,029 increments/s	136,991 increments/s	—
Lookup and send to one child	97,609 increments/s	500,999 increments/s	133,227 increments/s	—
Start and stop a machine	29,394 machines/s	233,263 machines/s	93,484 machines/s	—
Start and stop a parent with one child	8,655 families/s	93,145 families/s	38,867 families/s	—
Start and stop a raw compiled process	38,023 processes/s	—	—	—
Start and interrupt a suspended fiber	—	—	—	202,102 fibers/s
Start and stop a queue worker	—	—	—	146,199 workers/s
Start and stop an actor shell	—	—	—	136,780 actors/s
Start and stop two actor shells	—	—	—	85,346 families/s
Update an owner-only mutable snapshot	—	—	—	401,123,145 updates/s
Update a synchronized snapshot	—	—	—	2,039,613 updates/s
Create, resolve, and await a terminal latch	—	—	—	2,165,219 latches/s

Memory profile	Effect Machine	XState 5	XState 6 alpha	Effect runtime primitives
Idle machine	14.0 KiB	3.8 KiB	6.1 KiB	—
Raw generic managed process	13.2 KiB	—	—	—
Raw compiled process	12.4 KiB	—	—	—
Two independent idle machines	27.4 KiB	7.3 KiB	11.8 KiB	—
Idle parent with one child	35.2 KiB	5.5 KiB	8.8 KiB	—
Parent with observed child registry	46.7 KiB	—	—	—
Parent with observed invoked child snapshots	35.4 KiB	—	—	—
Suspended Effect fiber	—	—	—	0.6 KiB
Effect queue with waiting fiber	—	—	—	2.8 KiB
Effect mailbox actor shell	—	—	—	3.2 KiB
Two Effect actor shells	—	—	—	6.9 KiB

Effect Machine change from base

Metric	Base	Base variability	PR	PR variability	Difference
Plan counter transitions	140,394 transitions/s	0.8% MAD	132,775 transitions/s	1.9% MAD	-5.4%
Drain burst with terminal fence	105,538 increments/s	0.8% MAD	105,954 increments/s	2.0% MAD	+0.4%
Drain burst with a change observer	85,242 increments/s	1.2% MAD	86,300 increments/s	0.5% MAD	+1.2%
Lookup and send to one child	97,093 increments/s	0.7% MAD	97,609 increments/s	0.9% MAD	+0.5%
Start and stop a machine	29,273 machines/s	3.7% MAD	29,394 machines/s	2.7% MAD	+0.4%
Start and stop a parent with one child	8,630 families/s	1.9% MAD	8,655 families/s	0.8% MAD	+0.3%
Start and stop a raw compiled process	38,671 processes/s	0.7% MAD	38,023 processes/s	0.6% MAD	-1.7%
Idle machine heap per unit	14.0 KiB	0.0% MAD	14.0 KiB	0.0% MAD	+0.0%
Raw generic managed process heap per unit	13.2 KiB	0.0% MAD	13.2 KiB	0.0% MAD	-0.0%
Raw compiled process heap per unit	12.4 KiB	0.0% MAD	12.4 KiB	0.0% MAD	-0.1%
Two independent idle machines heap per unit	27.4 KiB	0.0% MAD	27.4 KiB	0.0% MAD	-0.0%
Idle parent with one child heap per unit	35.2 KiB	0.0% MAD	35.2 KiB	0.0% MAD	0.0%
Parent with observed child registry heap per unit	46.7 KiB	0.0% MAD	46.7 KiB	0.0% MAD	0.0%
Parent with observed invoked child snapshots heap per unit	35.4 KiB	0.0% MAD	35.4 KiB	0.0% MAD	0.0%

Versions and interpretation

• Effect Machine: 0.3.0
• XState 5: 5.32.5
• XState 6 alpha: 6.0.0-alpha.27
• Effect runtime primitives: 4.0.0-beta.105

Higher throughput is better; lower heap is better. Variability is the median absolute deviation across independent processes, relative to their median. Runtime measurements on shared GitHub-hosted hardware remain informational, so small differences should be confirmed across multiple workflow runs.