Update Effect to beta 105

[SandroMaglione]

Summary

• Update the Effect peer and development runtime from 4.0.0-beta.102 to 4.0.0-beta.105.
• Keep @effect/vitest, @effect/atom-react, pnpm overrides, examples, lockfiles, and installation documentation aligned with the runtime version.
• Adapt state-construction validation to the new SchemaIssue.Issue failure while preserving the public SchemaError cause shape.
• Migrate the removed test-only Schema.TaggedErrorClass API to Schema.TaggedError.

Changeset

• Added or updated for a library or package-metadata change
• Not required because this PR does not change src/ or package.json

Validation

• pnpm check
• Relevant example checks, when examples changed
• Reviewed the automated type-performance report, when the public TypeScript API or inference changed
• Reviewed the automated runtime-performance report, when runtime behavior changed

Local validation included pnpm perf:types, every example's own pnpm check, and five interleaved runtime benchmark processes against the current main revision. Public inference budgets remained stable. The GitHub benchmark improved all six throughput scenarios by 10.9–26.4% with low variability, while heap usage stayed within 0.4% of the baseline.

[github-actions]

Type performance

Measured with TypeScript 6.0.3 and skipLibCheck=true.

Scenario	Base	PR	Difference
Effect only	55	55	0 (0.0%)
Import effect-machine	55	55	0 (0.0%)
Machine.defineStates (3 states)	2,965	2,965	0 (0.0%)
Machine.make (3 states, 2 events)	8,731	8,731	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (3 states, 2 transitions)	23,634	23,634	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 8)	113,023	113,023	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 12)	125,661	125,661	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 16)	141,003	141,003	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 24)	179,799	179,799	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (wide depth 16)	210,137	210,137	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (parallel/history/choice)	128,876	128,880	+4 (+0.0%)
machine.handle (4 successive calls)	129,498	129,498	0 (0.0%)
machine exact input/output/error/services	107,371	107,375	+4 (+0.0%)
execution adapter readiness	122,890	122,890	0 (0.0%)

Marginal instantiations are measured against the matching setup without that API call:

Scenario	Base	PR	Difference
Import effect-machine	0	0	0
Machine.defineStates (3 states)	2,910	2,910	0 (0.0%)
Machine.make (3 states, 2 events)	5,758	5,758	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (3 states, 2 transitions)	14,903	14,903	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 8)	105,546	105,546	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 12)	116,984	116,984	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 16)	131,126	131,126	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (depth 24)	167,522	167,522	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (wide depth 16)	198,169	198,169	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (parallel/history/choice)	110,514	110,514	0 (0.0%)
machine.handle (4 successive calls)	114,497	114,497	0 (0.0%)
machine exact input/output/error/services	95,819	95,819	0 (0.0%)
execution adapter readiness	96,968	96,968	0 (0.0%)

Check times (informational)

Scenario	Base	PR
Effect only	0.02s	0.02s
Import effect-machine	0.02s	0.02s
Machine.defineStates (3 states)	0.07s	0.07s
Machine.make (3 states, 2 events)	0.11s	0.11s
machine.handle (3 states, 2 transitions)	0.18s	0.16s
machine.handle (depth 8)	0.38s	0.38s
machine.handle (depth 12)	0.41s	0.41s
machine.handle (depth 16)	0.52s	0.44s
machine.handle (depth 24)	0.57s	0.50s
machine.handle (wide depth 16)	0.55s	0.55s
machine.handle (parallel/history/choice)	0.46s	0.46s
machine.handle (4 successive calls)	0.43s	0.45s
machine exact input/output/error/services	0.39s	0.39s
execution adapter readiness	0.40s	0.40s

Type instantiations are the comparison metric. Check time varies with runner load and is informational only.

[github-actions]

Runtime performance

Median of 5 independent benchmark processes on AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor with Node v24.18.0.

Pull request baseline

Scenario	Effect Machine	XState 5	XState 6 alpha
Plan counter transitions	33,969 transitions/s	134,228 transitions/s	123,178 transitions/s
Drain burst with terminal fence	22,035 increments/s	399,842 increments/s	112,108 increments/s
Drain burst with a change observer	19,600 increments/s	397,637 increments/s	112,130 increments/s
Lookup and send to one child	19,625 increments/s	393,569 increments/s	107,400 increments/s
Start and stop a machine	7,450 machines/s	185,529 machines/s	73,073 machines/s
Start and stop a parent with one child	3,003 families/s	67,714 families/s	26,603 families/s

Memory profile	Effect Machine	XState 5	XState 6 alpha
Idle machine	23.5 KiB	3.8 KiB	6.1 KiB
Idle parent with one child	73.8 KiB	5.5 KiB	8.8 KiB

Effect Machine change from base

Metric	Base	Base variability	PR	PR variability	Difference
Plan counter transitions	26,866 transitions/s	0.6% MAD	33,969 transitions/s	0.3% MAD	+26.4%
Drain burst with terminal fence	18,162 increments/s	1.3% MAD	22,035 increments/s	0.7% MAD	+21.3%
Drain burst with a change observer	16,424 increments/s	1.9% MAD	19,600 increments/s	2.0% MAD	+19.3%
Lookup and send to one child	16,672 increments/s	1.7% MAD	19,625 increments/s	0.2% MAD	+17.7%
Start and stop a machine	6,716 machines/s	0.3% MAD	7,450 machines/s	0.5% MAD	+10.9%
Start and stop a parent with one child	2,673 families/s	0.6% MAD	3,003 families/s	0.1% MAD	+12.4%
Idle machine heap per unit	23.6 KiB	0.0% MAD	23.5 KiB	0.0% MAD	-0.3%
Idle parent with one child heap per unit	73.5 KiB	0.0% MAD	73.8 KiB	0.0% MAD	+0.4%

Versions and interpretation

• Effect Machine: 0.3.0
• XState 5: 5.32.5
• XState 6 alpha: 6.0.0-alpha.27

Higher throughput is better; lower heap is better. Variability is the median absolute deviation across independent processes, relative to their median. Runtime measurements on shared GitHub-hosted hardware remain informational, so small differences should be confirmed across multiple workflow runs.