Operators of the range types

[tamnd]

Summary

This adds the operators of the range types and the functions that use them, as rangetypes.c has them. It also makes an integer literal that fits int4 after the parser negates it, such as -2147483648, an int4, as make_const does.

Changes

• New kernels: range_overlaps (&&), range_contains and range_contains_elem (@>), range_contained_by and elem_contained_by_range (<@), range_before (<<), range_after (>>), range_overleft (&<), the function of &> and range_adjacent (-|-).
• New kernels that give a range: range_union (+), range_merge, range_intersect (*) and range_minus (-). A union of two ranges with a gap and a difference with two parts give the 22000 errors of PostgreSQL.
• The set function range_minus_multi gives no row, one row or two rows.
• The subtype difference functions int4range_subdiff, int8range_subdiff, numrange_subdiff, daterange_subdiff, tsrange_subdiff and tstzrange_subdiff.
• Adjacency of discrete ranges makes the range between the two bounds and looks for an empty range, as bounds_adjacent does.
• make_const gives int4 for a literal of the Float node that fits int4. Before, int4range(NULL,10) @> -2147483648 did not find the operator.

Tests

• The session test range_ops is the output of PostgreSQL 19 for the same script in a new database. It has each operator with empty, infinite, inclusive and exclusive bounds, the errors, range_minus_multi in FROM and in the target list, the subtype difference functions, a cross join of ranges and a query with parameters.
• A unit test for adjacency, union, intersection and difference.
• fmt, clippy, the workspace tests and the checks of xtask pass on server1.