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Bulk ChIP-seq: bowtie2 + MACS3, Input-Controlled Peak Calling

Author: Syed Nurul Hasan, Ph.D. Contact: nayanchoton1789@gmail.com | ORCID: 0000-0002-4564-872X


Why this project

My cutandrun-pipeline repo covers CUT&Tag/CUT&RUN — a related but distinct technique from classical ChIP-seq, the specific method behind the genome-wide profiling work in my Ph.D. (Bcl11b/Foxp3 in Tregs, ChIP-seq + RNA-seq + ATAC-seq, POSTECH). That work had no public repo behind it. This one closes that gap: crosslink-style ChIP-seq with a matched Input control, the standard antibody-vs-background design, run end-to-end on real data.

Pipeline

Paired-end FASTQ (Spt5 ChIP x2 reps, matched Input control x2 reps)
        │
        ▼
1. bowtie2_index / bowtie2_align  (Docker: biocontainers/bowtie2)
   --sensitive, end-to-end alignment (not --local, unlike CUT&RUN/CUT&Tag --
   classical ChIP-seq doesn't need the short/permissive local-alignment mode
   those in-situ tethering methods do)
        │
        ▼
2. sort_index_bam  (samtools)
        │
        ▼
3. macs3_callpeak  (Docker: biocontainers/macs3)
   IP vs. matched Input, per replicate, BAMPE mode
        │
        ▼
4. replicate_concordance  (scripts/replicate_concordance.py)
   fraction of each replicate's peaks that overlap the other replicate's
   peaks -- the standard first-line ChIP-seq reproducibility check

Dataset

Paired-end FASTQ (downsampled to 100k read pairs/sample) + the full S. cerevisiae reference genome, from nf-core/test-datasets (chipseq branch), derived from PRJNA315202 — Baejen C, Andreani J, Torkler P, et al. "Genome-wide Analysis of RNA Polymerase II Termination at Protein-Coding Genes." Molecular Cell. 2017. ChIP target: Spt5, a transcription elongation factor that travels with RNA Pol II through gene bodies (distinct from a promoter-restricted mark like H3K4me3 — see the QC note below).

Results (this run)

  • Alignment: 94–98% overall rate for all 4 samples — the reference here is the actual matched genome (not a subset, unlike the CUT&Tag repo's chr20-only reference), so mapping rates look like real production numbers.
  • MACS3 (-q 0.05, BAMPE, effective genome size 1.2e7): 722 peaks (rep1), 701 peaks (rep2).
  • Replicate concordance: 67.5% / 66.9% of each replicate's peaks overlap a peak in the other replicate — genuinely good reproducibility for a 100k-read-subsampled test dataset. Full table: results/replicate_concordance.tsv.
  • A QC check I tried and am reporting honestly because it wasn't informative: I checked what fraction of peak summits fall inside an annotated gene body, expecting elongation-factor enrichment there. The bundled test annotation (genes.bed) only covers 300 of yeast's ~6,000 genes — 3.27% of the genome by chance — and the observed overlap (3–4%) landed right at that chance level. That's a sparse-annotation artifact, not a failed ChIP: gene-body enrichment for an elongation factor requires a full annotation to detect, which this minimal CI-scale reference doesn't provide. Reported instead of quietly dropped.

Running it

bash scripts/download_data.sh

python3 -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
pip install snakemake

snakemake -s workflow/Snakefile --cores 4 -p

# SLURM cluster execution (real profile, not run here -- no cluster in this environment)
snakemake -s workflow/Snakefile --workflow-profile workflow/profiles/slurm

Key Features

  • Real bowtie2 alignment + MACS3 peak calling, containerized
  • Matched Input-control design, the standard classical ChIP-seq convention (distinct from CUT&RUN/CUT&Tag's IgG-control local-alignment approach)
  • Biological-replicate concordance as the primary QC metric
  • A QC check that turned out uninformative is reported and explained, not silently dropped

References

  1. Baejen C, Andreani J, Torkler P, et al. Genome-wide Analysis of RNA Polymerase II Termination at Protein-Coding Genes. Molecular Cell. 2017;66(1):38-49.e6.
  2. Zhang Y, Liu T, Meyer CA, et al. Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS). Genome Biology. 2008;9:R137.
  3. Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nature Methods. 2012;9(4):357-359.

License

MIT — see LICENSE.

About

Classical bowtie2 + MACS3 ChIP-seq peak calling with matched Input control, real Spt5 data, replicate-concordance QC

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