[amoisttowe1]

What this changes

Fixes #3597

system_fonts.rs keeps hand-written lists of installed font files to borrow when no embedded face
covers a script (AGENTS.md §1.4 — read at runtime, never embedded or shipped). Two of the five
macOS Devanagari paths point at files that do not exist, one of them being Apple's real font name
misspelled:

path listed in main	macOS 26.6 (MacBook Pro, Apple M5 Max)
Supplemental/DevanagariMT.ttc	present, 409,368 B — this face wins today ✅
Supplemental/DevanagariSangamMN.ttc	absent. Apple's file is Devanagari Sangam MN.ttc, with spaces — the spelling this same file already uses for its Telugu and Tamil siblings
Supplemental/Kohinoor.ttc	absent. It lives one level up, at /System/Library/Fonts/Kohinoor.ttc, which the list also names
/Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf	present — a compatibility symlink into Supplemental/, resolving to 23,278,008 B ✅

So the second choice this list promises has not been reachable on any macOS I could check — wrong
spelling today and already wrong at v0.7.1 — which means when Devanagari MT is absent,
Hindi skips past Devanagari Sangam MN (present here, 1,029,884 B, covers the module's
Devanagari probe) instead of using it. Both dead paths arrived together in #1033 (merged
2026-10-12), whose diff introduces them verbatim, and the misspelling is present in v0.7.1, v0.8.0
and v0.9.0 as well as main — checked by reading the file at each tag, so this has been shipping
since v0.7.1.

The fix lists the families best-first and looks each one up in both macOS system font folders, so a
move between those folders can no longer drop a family silently. Preference is unchanged — all of
Devanagari MT's folders are tried before Sangam MN starts — and Arial Unicode.ttf stays last.

Why it is still worth merging: the list begins to deliver what it documents, and survives an Apple
folder move.

What this does not claim. On the machine tested, Hindi renders identically before and after
(Devanagari MT wins first either way), because there is no Hindi interface language yet —
crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ holds 22 catalogs and none is hi.tsv; #1976 proposes adding one. Today
Devanagari reaches these faces as file names, tab titles, bookmarks and Properties text, which is
the module's stated purpose; if #1976 lands, the same list becomes the Hindi interface's font path.
I have not seen a Mac without Devanagari MT — that case is read off the code path, not witnessed.
This also loads no additional font on a machine where one already resolves: still at most one
installed face per script, exactly as §1.4 allows; only which file would be used changes when the
earlier ones are absent.

Two limits on the fix's reach, stated up front: it covers moves between these two folders only,
not into /Library/Fonts or Apple's asset catalogs; and on macOS 26.6 each family happens to live in
exactly one of the two, so folder order is a deterministic choice rather than an observed tie-break.

Correcting fallback paths in this file has been accepted before — #798/#925 after #728 (Chinese),
#1611 (Telugu), #1706 (Sinhala and Tamil). Longer term, #2796 proposes replacing these
hand-written lists with coverage-driven discovery, which would subsume this; treat it as an
incremental fix in the meantime, not an argument against that proposal.

Coordination — none of these touches the Devanagari paths, but all edit this file: #3517 converts
the OnceLock caches to LazyLock and adds a Hangul list; #1976 adds hangul_candidates() plus
Hindi, Vietnamese and Indonesian catalogs and edits the same test loop. I will rebase against
whichever merges first, the same day. #1893 (PingFang on macOS 26) is left entirely alone here.

How you verified it

macOS 26.6 (build 25G72), Apple M5 Max, arm64. Only the aarch64-apple-darwin target is installed
here and there is no rustup, so Linux/Windows/wasm32 compilation is CI's first word, not mine.

cargo fmt --all -- --check                                        clean (CI's own invocation)
cargo clippy -p pdfcraft-ui-egui --all-targets -- -D warnings     Finished, no warnings
cargo test  -p pdfcraft-ui-egui --lib system_fonts                ok. 13 passed; 0 failed
PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 cargo test -p pdfcraft-ui-egui --lib system_fonts
                                                                  ok. 13 passed; 0 failed
cargo test  -p pdfcraft-ui-egui --no-fail-fast                    1341 passed; 0 failed; 5 ignored
cargo run -q -p xtask -- layers                                OK: 37 crates, no layering violations
cargo run -q -p xtask -- assets                                ok (272 repository, 6 bundled, 22 fetched)

• cargo fmt --check — run as CI runs it: cargo fmt --all -- --check
• clippy with -D warnings on the crate I changed (pdfcraft-ui-egui --all-targets)
• tests pass on the crate I changed (13 in system_fonts; whole crate 1341 passed, 0 failed)
• cargo xtask layers and cargo xtask assets

Tests. Five added (the module goes from 8 to 13), at two scales. Four run on every OS — three of them read no filesystem beyond a temp tree
of their own making, and the fourth reads this repo’s bundled Inter fixture; the fifth is
#[cfg(target_os = "macos")] and can only run on real
hardware — CI has no macOS runner, as ci.yml reserves the org's Mac slots for release builds.

• the_macos_devanagari_list_is_apples_layout — the exact list: spellings, both folders per
  family, and order. It reads no filesystem, so it runs on ubuntu, windows and macOS alike; the same
  test also pins that devanagari_candidates() returns this list on macOS, so callers cannot drift
  from what is asserted.
• the_first_readable_candidate_wins_not_the_last — list order is the preference. Two bundled
  faces both cover A but differ in byte length, so a loader scanning back-to-front is caught.
• a_family_whose_name_has_spaces_is_still_found — builds a macOS-shaped tree under the temp dir
  with a real face at Supplemental/Devanagari Sangam MN.ttc and resolves it; an unusable temp dir
  panics rather than passing silently (TMPDIR=/nonexistent-root-xyz against the linked binary exits
  101 — TMPDIR=… cargo test dies in the linker first, so reproduce after --no-run).
• every_installed_devanagari_face_is_reachable_on_this_mac (macOS only) — the disk oracle: every
  family folder present here is reachable from the list; something in the list covers Devanagari;
  devanagari_fallback() lands on the same bytes and face as this list, so a swapped or truncated
  list cannot hide behind Arial; the block that checks the Unicode last resort first asserts the list
  still ends at it, so deriving that path from first() cannot quietly go and check something else;
  and every family entry present on disk must also resolve — the same dead-path rule, applied to the
  families and not only to the last resort; and the Arial Unicode last resort is checked when it is present —
  gated on symlink_metadata rather than is_file() so a link whose target was moved or removed still
  fails here (that dead-path class is the whole point of this change), then required to resolve and
  load under MAX_BYTES. A family or last resort Apple does not ship on a given Mac is reported
  with eprintln!, not failed — that absence is the very case the list exists to survive, and it is
  documented rather than assumed: Apple’s "Fonts included with macOS Tahoe" page
  (support.apple.com/122869) is titled "Installed or downloadable fonts" and states that most of these
  faces install automatically while others download on demand through Font Book, without marking which
  entries are which — so presence cannot be assumed for any name on these lists. One deliberate
  exception: a Mac where nothing in the list covers Devanagari does fail loudly, because that machine
  cannot validate the list at all.

the_load_constants_are_the_documented_contract is a separate, small test that pins three values this
module's contract depends on: MAX_BYTES (32 MiB — the cap that decides whether a ~23 MB Unicode
face is accepted), DEVANAGARI_PROBE (U+0915, which is what makes a Hindi check a Hindi check)
and MAX_FACES (how deep into a .ttc collection the loader looks). They live in their own test so
the layout test stays about Apple's directory layout.

I expect the objection that asserting a constant equals its own literal cannot fail except when someone
edits it, and would rather answer it now than be asked: each pin is the only thing catching a
regression that cannot be tested behaviourally on CI hardware, because there is no committed Devanagari
or Arabic fixture and no synthetic .ttc. I checked that claim rather than assumed it — delete a pin
and the matching mutation goes green again (see the table). They are retune tripwires, not behaviour
tests; if you would rather not have them, MAX_BYTES is the one to drop first (it is already stated in
the doc comment and exercised downward by the macOS oracle), but MAX_FACES and DEVANAGARI_PROBE
would then be caught by nothing.

Seen failing before the fix, since a test nobody has seen fail is not evidence: fifteen deliberate
breakages, fourteen of which turn a test red at this commit — every one re-run against the tree being pushed. One does not, and is named as a gap below. The two dead-symlink rows
each contain a deliberately-green sub-case — the same defect with its guard removed — which argue
for keeping those guards; they are marked in place so nobody misreads them as coverage.

mutation	result
restore the misspelling DevanagariSangamMN.ttc	red — exact-list test (and red pre-fix on macOS)
expand folder-major instead of family-major	red — exact-list test
swap the two folders' order	red — exact-list test
drop the Arial last resort on macOS only	red — exact-list test and the oracle, via the name check
find_map → rev().find_map in the loader	red — loader-preference test
MAX_BYTES 32 MiB → 16 MiB, below Arial's real size	red — macOS disk oracle and the contract pin
MAX_BYTES 32 MiB → 512 MiB (cap silently raised)	red — contract pin, on every OS (was green before the pins)
DEVANAGARI_PROBE U+0915 → Arabic U+0627	red — contract pin, on every OS (was green: Arial masks the mistake by covering both letters)
MAX_FACES 16 → 1 (retuned cap)	red — contract pin (was green)
devanagari_fallback() fed the Telugu list	red — macOS disk oracle (byte comparison)
devanagari_fallback() truncated to its first candidate	red — macOS disk oracle. Narrower than it looks: the first path is absent on this Mac, so part of what fails here is that nothing resolves; a machine with Devanagari MT at the top level could land on the same face and stay green
last_resort derived from list.first() instead of last()	red — the oracle now asserts the list still ends at Arial Unicode (was green and silently skipped: this Mac has no top-level DevanagariMT.ttc, so the check just vanished)
Arial last resort redirected to a dangling symlink under /tmp (system folders untouched)	red — "exists but does not resolve"; with the gate reverted to is_file() the same defect is green and silent, which is why the gate uses symlink_metadata
a family entry redirected to a dangling symlink under /tmp, the same experiment one block up	red — names the family and path; restoring is_file() filtering makes it pass silently
delete script_fallback's PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 early return	green — not covered. All 1341 tests keep passing, so §1.4's screenshots promise is pinned by nothing — and it cannot be asserted in-process without mutating the environment, which needs unsafe (forbidden here). Checked by hand instead: launching the binary with the variable set

Counting note: the five macOS paths of the first table show up as four rows because Kohinoor.ttc is listed in both
folders and only one of the two exists on this OS.
Two notes on evidence quality. An early attempt to measure glyph coverage with a hand-written cmap
parser produced invalid format numbers, so every figure from it was discarded; what remains comes
from skrifa — the parser egui itself uses — through this module's own face_with(). And I make no
claim about which of Devanagari MT, Sangam MN and Kohinoor is the better typeface.

Never-crash

• No new unwrap/expect/panic!/unreachable!/todo! outside tests. Production code is one
  flat_map, one push and two one-line helpers; the only .expects are in test code, where root clippy.toml
  permits them — and they exist so that an unusable temp dir fails loudly rather than letting a
  test pass having done nothing.
• No indexing or slicing with input-derived positions, no arithmetic on lengths, no allocation
  sized by input (fixed constants: three family names × two folders), nothing recursive, no locks.
• No unsafe.
• Not a crash fix, so no synthetic panic fixture. Relevant existing guard: read() returns
  None for unreadable or over-cap files and logs only on a hit, which is why a wrong path
  fails silently — that silence plus the absent macOS runner is how these paths have rotted
  unnoticed since v0.7.1.

Provenance

• Nothing from an Adobe product, and no icon recreated, traced or imitated. Noto CJK and Source
  Han stay out of these lists as §1.1 requires (already tested by han_candidates_skip_adobe_designs)
  — worth stating, because adding a Noto face would not be an acceptable fix for this gap
• No font file committed. Nothing added to assets/; ATTRIBUTION.toml untouched;
  cargo xtask assets passes. The new test's temp fixture is this repo's own
  assets/fonts/Inter-Regular.ttf, already committed and attributed. Apple's faces are read at
  runtime only, per §1.4 — never embedded, copied, shipped or written into a PDF
• No GPL/AGPL code copied in; no copyleft tool invoked, even as an oracle (no fontconfig,
  otfinfo, Poppler, MuPDF or Ghostscript on this machine and none used)
• Behaviour comes from the file's own documented intent (the *_candidates() functions specify
  best-first locations) plus black-box observation of Apple's directory layout on current macOS.
  For completeness: after establishing the defect I read sibling app WordCraft's
  crates/fonts/src/ui_fallback.rs to check house convention for folder lists; no code,
  constant or comment here derives from it (their approach also walks Apple's asset catalogs,
  which this change deliberately does not)
• No new assets, so no ATTRIBUTION.toml entry is needed; the gate passes either way

Security

• --root confinement untouched: folders and family names are compile-time constants, no path
  here comes from a document, argument, preference or nested dispatch — nothing user-controlled
  reaches Path::join
• MCP and the UI control channel are untouched; no listener, token or default behaviour changed
• No new outbound network access, no dependency added, Cargo.lock unchanged

Parity and reach

• parity/acrobat-features.toml not updated — deliberately, and flagged for correction if I am
  wrong: no Acrobat feature ships or changes here. The font entries I found (view.render-cid-fonts,
  Type 3) describe rendering PDF content; this is the application choosing an interface face for
  glyphs its embedded fonts lack. There is no evidence line to strengthen because nothing in
  parity/ claims this behaviour today
• No new headless surface, so no automation tool added: this introduces no command, option or
  user-facing feature. The code path is identical whether driven by the GUI or a test, and
  PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS keeps working exactly as documented in docs/development.md:135
• Docs checked. Two places describe this area and neither becomes false: docs/localization.md:54
  (borrow one installed face at runtime — still true, still one per script) and
  docs/localization-parity.md:35 (Hindi row: "Devanagari not tested … no Devanagari face in
  craft-fonts" — still true, this fixes paths rather than bundled coverage). That Hindi row is now
  slightly incomplete in one respect — there are Devanagari list tests after this PR — so I have
  left it for you to call: say the word and I will update that row in this PR or a follow-up
  Likewise, CLAUDE.md asks for a ROADMAP.md progress-log line at the end of milestone work;
  M14: add Korean localization and desktop Hangul fallback #2094 and comparable one-file fixes appear to ship without it, so I have not touched
  ROADMAP.md unilaterally — happy to add the line if you expect it from external PRs.

Anything a reviewer should look at first

1. The claim is narrow on purpose, and there is a structural reason you should expect that.
   Nothing visible changes on the hardware I could test; what changes is that the list delivers what
   it documents, and survives an Apple folder move. If you would rather have a visible symptom
   before merging, the honest answer is that I could not produce one on macOS 26.6.
   The upside worth weighing: the_macos_devanagari_list_is_apples_layout reads no filesystem, so
   the spellings, folders and order are pinned on ubuntu and windows as well — a repeat of Edit text: support Devanagari system font fallback and Indic pre-base matra reordering #1033
   now fails CI instead of shipping. Only the behavioural half (does a real face resolve on Apple's
   layout) needs Mac hardware, the same split as Telugu interface: draw with an installed Telugu face when the build has none (part of #1531) #1611 and Sinhala and Tamil interface: draw with an installed font (part of #1688) #1706.

2. Two holes I could not close. The first cannot become a test without a fixture: nothing verifies that 16 faces is
   deep enough for real collections — the pin only stops the constant being retuned. On this Mac the
   face the loader settles on is index 0 of its collection, so nothing here ever exercises scanning past
   the first face. Closing that properly needs a synthetic .ttc with the needed glyph
   past index 16, which I have not built. Related and worth someone's attention: Apple's reserved
   PingFangUI.ttc has 32 faces, deeper than this cap — that is Use PingFang from the reserved font directory on macOS 26 (#1716) #1893's territory rather than
   this PR's, but it suggests the depth deserves a look from whoever can test Chinese. The second hole is
   the green row above: PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 is a pre-existing repo-wide gap — deleting that early return leaves all
   1341 tests green, and pinning it requires process-wide environment mutation, i.e. unsafe, which
   this workspace forbids.

3. One small drive-by: a_script_fallback_is_the_first_candidate_with_the_probe was already red
   under PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0, the switch cargo xtask screenshots sets, because it calls
   script_fallback. Exactly one pre-existing test was red in that mode — the loader tests I added
   were written guarded. That one now skips with a printed reason, matching
   crates/ui-egui/tests/fonts.rs. That guard is its own commit,
   M14: skip the loader tests when installed faces are switched off, so you can drop it
   without touching the fix.

Credit where due: the conditional Arial check came from @coderabbitai's review on this PR — including its
reasoning, which I first set aside because the reference would not load for me and then checked: Apple’s
page really does say "Most of these fonts are installed and enabled automatically. Others in this list can
be downloaded using Font Book." Their finding was right on both counts. Two follow-up passes on our side
then hardened the remedy past is_file() and made the family loop obey the same rule; both defects were
mine, and the second is exactly the drift this file keeps catching.

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Bug Fixes
  • Improved Devanagari font detection on macOS by checking both standard and supplemental system font locations in preferred-family order.
  • Added Arial Unicode as a fallback to improve text rendering when preferred Devanagari fonts are unavailable.
• Tests
  • Expanded coverage for Apple font locations and filenames, spaced family names, font selection precedence, fallback behavior, installed-font discovery, and configurable font loading.

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• crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs

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📝 Walkthrough

macOS Devanagari discovery now checks each supported family in both standard Apple font directories, in family preference order, before using Arial Unicode. Tests cover ordering, spaced family names, loader selection, installed fonts, and disabled system fonts.

Changes: macOS Devanagari font fallback

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Candidate discovery crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs	Candidate generation checks each supported family in both standard macOS font directories, then appends the Arial Unicode fallback.
Candidate and loader validation crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs	Tests check candidate ordering, spaced family names, first-readable selection, installed-font reachability, loader constants, and PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 handling.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 2 (Simple) | ~10 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Low

Suggested reviewers: krinry

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 4d2e4

The optional-font test no longer fails solely because Arial Unicode is absent. The change is ready to merge after normal checks.

Architecture risk: 🔵 Low · up to 4d2e4

The change affects 1 system.

Changed systems: crates

Architecture concerns
No architecture-level concerns identified.

Review details

Systems and components

• observed — crates (service) was modified; 1 changed file maps to changed impact.

Before / after behavior

• observed — Modified behavior in crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs: Added macOS font-directory and Devanagari-family constants plus helpers that generate family-first paths across the system and Supplemental font folders. devanagari_candidates now uses this expanded list instead of its previous fixed five-path list.
• observed — Modified behavior in crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs: Added a shared test helper for detecting PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0; candidate-order and script-fallback tests now skip when installed fonts are disabled. The script-fallback test retains checks that the first readable candidate wins and that unsupported probes return no face.
• observed — Modified behavior in crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs: Added regression tests pinning loader constants, macOS candidate ordering, spaced family-name resolution, and macOS installed-face reachability. The macOS oracle tolerates absent optional fonts, rejects existing broken paths, verifies every installed family is listed, confirms Devanagari coverage and cached-loader identity, and validates the optional Arial Unicode fallback against resolution, size, and probe checks.

Pre-merge checks: 5

Check name	Status	Explanation
Title check		The title clearly identifies the main change: discovering Apple Devanagari font faces in the macOS folders used by the current system.
Description check		The description is complete and closely follows the repository template. It explains the behavior change, verification commands, tests, safety checks, provenance, security, parity scope, documentation…
Linked Issues check		Issue #3597 requires corrected Devanagari paths, family-first preference, lookup in both macOS font folders, and Arial Unicode.ttf as the last resort. system_fonts.rs implements these requirements…
Out of Scope Changes check		The changes stay within issue #3597. The helper functions and tests validate corrected runtime font paths and preference behavior. The PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 test guards keep existing loader tests …
Docstring Coverage		Docstring coverage is 92.86% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 14 functions across 1 files.

Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description is complete and closely follows the repository template. It explains the behavior change, verification commands, tests, safety checks, provenance, security, parity scope, documentation review, limitations, and reviewer focus areas.

Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Issue #3597 requires corrected Devanagari paths, family-first preference, lookup in both macOS font folders, and Arial Unicode.ttf as the last resort. system_fonts.rs implements these requirements through MACOS_DEVANAGARI_FAMILIES, MACOS_FONT_DIRS, and macos_devanagari_candidates(). The list uses Devanagari Sangam MN.ttc with spaces and keeps one-face loading through find_map. Tests cover the exact list, order, spaced filenames, candidate precedence, loader constants, and macOS reachability. No font asset is added.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The changes stay within issue #3597. The helper functions and tests validate corrected runtime font paths and preference behavior. The PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 test guards keep existing loader tests aligned with the documented switch. No unrelated script list, bundled font, dependency, or user-facing feature changes are present.

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Inline comments:
Review comments at @crates/ui-egui/src/system_fonts.rs:
- Around line 571-574: Update the assertion around the Arial Unicode fallback
probe in the system-font test to run only when /Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf
exists; preserve the current read and MAX_BYTES validation when the optional
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[FredApps]

Read the whole diff. The old list had DevanagariSangamMN.ttc without the spaces and Supplemental/Kohinoor.ttc in the wrong folder, so the second and third choices could never load. The family-major order across both folders is right, and Arial Unicode.ttf stays last. The tests pin the exact list without touching the filesystem, so they run on every OS, and they cover the spaced file name, the first-candidate-wins order and the PDFCRAFT_SYSTEM_FONTS=0 skip. The macOS-only reachability test is a useful extra. CI is green at this head.

[FredApps]

Re-reviewed 4d2e401, including the current one-file font-candidate changes. The family search order is preserved, and the macOS oracle now treats Arial as optional while still rejecting present-but-broken paths and enforcing the size cap. Verified exact-head Linux and Windows checks, plus wasm and licensing: https://github.com/storytold/pdfcraft/actions/runs/39407431201. The macOS-only disk oracle was not independently executed; fuzz was skipped. Approving this documented two-folder fallback change.