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⚡ Bolt: Zero-allocation Lexer Keyword Lookup - #42

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bolt-lexer-fast-lookup-3153547589374349199
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@srimon12

@srimon12 srimon12 commented Jul 4, 2026 •

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💡 What: Replaced the map-based keyword lookup in the lexer with a go generate-created switch statement (lookupKeywordFast).
🎯 Why: In Go, slicing a byte array into a string (string(buf[:len(s)])) and looking it up in a map incurs heap allocation and map hashing overhead. In the hot path of the lexer, this limits throughput. A generated switch statement provides zero-allocation, direct byte-level matching.
📊 Impact: Expected ~4-5x faster keyword lookups (from ~60ns/op down to ~13ns/op) and entirely eliminates memory allocations per keyword lookup (0 B/op, 0 allocs/op). Overall parser throughput is measurably improved as a result.
🔬 Measurement: Run go test -bench . -benchmem ./internal/lexer/ and verify that BenchmarkLookupKeywordFast is drastically faster and has 0 allocs compared to the original BenchmarkLookupKeyword. Tests can also be verified by running go test ./....


PR created automatically by Jules for task 3153547589374349199 started by @srimon12

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • Improved keyword detection in the lexer with a faster case-insensitive matching approach.
    • Added generated lookup logic to streamline keyword checks.
  • Documentation

    • Added a note describing the keyword lookup performance improvement and guidance for similar optimizations.
  • Chores

    • Added generation support so the lookup code can be recreated consistently.

This commit replaces the map-based `lookupKeyword` with a generated `lookupKeywordFast` switch statement, dramatically reducing memory allocations and keyword lookup latency during parsing.

Co-authored-by: srimon12 <33979603+srimon12@users.noreply.github.com>
@google-labs-jules

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@coderabbitai

coderabbitai Bot commented Jul 4, 2026 •

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Review Change Stack

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Adds a Go code generator (generate_lookup.go) that produces a switch-based keyword lookup function (lookup_fast.go), wires it via a go:generate directive, and updates lexer.go's lookupKeyword to delegate to the generated lookupKeywordFast. Includes a documentation note.

Changes

Fast keyword lookup generation

Layer / File(s) Summary
Keyword lookup generator
internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go, internal/lexer/generate.go
Adds a build-ignored program mapping keywords to TokenKind values and emitting generated switch-based lookup source to lookup_fast.go, wired via a go:generate directive.
Generated lookup_fast.go output
internal/lexer/lookup_fast.go
Adds the generated lookupKeywordFast function with switch len(s) cases for keyword lengths 2–12, using per-character case-insensitive checks, falling back to (0, false).
Lexer integration and docs
internal/lexer/lexer.go, .jules/bolt.md
Replaces lookupKeyword's inline map/prefix-scan logic with a delegation to lookupKeywordFast; adds a documentation note describing the technique.

Estimated code review effort: 2 (Simple) | ~15 minutes

Sequence Diagram(s)

Not applicable — the change is a self-contained code generation and lookup delegation update without multi-component runtime interactions.

Suggested labels: performance, lexer, code-generation

Suggested reviewers: srimon12

Poem

A rabbit hopped through switch and case,
Replacing maps with lookup grace,
Length by length, letter by letter,
Fast paths now that run much better,
Generated code, hop hop, all set! 🐇

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly summarizes the main change: a zero-allocation lexer keyword lookup implementation.
Docstring Coverage ✅ Passed No functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch
🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
  • Create PR with unit tests
  • Commit unit tests in branch bolt-lexer-fast-lookup-3153547589374349199

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Actionable comments posted: 2

🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go (1)

165-165: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Ignored error from os.WriteFile.

The generator silently drops the write error, so a failed regeneration (permissions, disk, etc.) leaves a stale lookup_fast.go with no indication anything went wrong.

♻️ Proposed fix
-	os.WriteFile("lookup_fast.go", []byte(sb.String()), 0644)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("lookup_fast.go", []byte(sb.String()), 0644); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "failed to write lookup_fast.go:", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

In `@internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go` at line 165, The lookup generator
currently ignores the result of os.WriteFile when producing lookup_fast.go, so
failures are silently lost. Update the generate_lookup.go logic around the file
write to handle the returned error explicitly, using the surrounding generator
flow in generateLookup to report or propagate the failure instead of continuing
as if regeneration succeeded.
🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
In `@internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go`:
- Around line 13-112: The keyword list is duplicated between the lookup
generator and the lexer, which can drift over time. Consolidate the canonical
keyword table used by generate_lookup.go and lexer.go so there is a single
source of truth, and update the generation/path in the relevant keyword handling
symbols (such as keywords and the lexer keyword matching logic) to consume that
shared data instead of maintaining two separate copies.

In `@internal/lexer/lexer.go`:
- Around line 324-326: Remove the unused keyword lookup code in
internal/lexer/lexer.go: since lookupKeyword now just delegates to
lookupKeywordFast, delete the old keywords map and the hasPrefixCaseInsensitive
helper along with any related dead references. Keep lookupKeyword and
lookupKeywordFast as the active path, and make sure the lexer package still
compiles cleanly with no unused declarations for staticcheck/U1000.

---

Nitpick comments:
In `@internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go`:
- Line 165: The lookup generator currently ignores the result of os.WriteFile
when producing lookup_fast.go, so failures are silently lost. Update the
generate_lookup.go logic around the file write to handle the returned error
explicitly, using the surrounding generator flow in generateLookup to report or
propagate the failure instead of continuing as if regeneration succeeded.
🪄 Autofix (Beta)

Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:

  • Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
  • Create a new PR with the fixes

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: defaults

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: 2f48d3df-ff9a-455b-a1af-a011966def58

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 7843d01 and 4f8699d.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .jules/bolt.md
  • internal/lexer/generate.go
  • internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go
  • internal/lexer/lexer.go
  • internal/lexer/lookup_fast.go

Comment on lines +13 to +112
var keywords = map[string]string{
"GEO_BBOX": "TokenKindGeoBbox",
"GEO_RADIUS": "TokenKindGeoRadius",
"VALUES_COUNT": "TokenKindValuesCount",
"HAS_VECTOR": "TokenKindHasVector",
"BOOST": "TokenKindBoost",
"DEFAULTS": "TokenKindDefaults",
"CASE": "TokenKindCase",
"WHEN": "TokenKindWhen",
"THEN": "TokenKindThen",
"ELSE": "TokenKindElse",
"END": "TokenKindEnd",
"INSERT": "TokenKindInsert",
"INTO": "TokenKindInto",
"COLLECTION": "TokenKindCollection",
"VALUES": "TokenKindValues",
"USING": "TokenKindUsing",
"MODEL": "TokenKindModel",
"HYBRID": "TokenKindHybrid",
"DENSE": "TokenKindDense",
"SPARSE": "TokenKindSparse",
"RERANK": "TokenKindRerank",
"EXACT": "TokenKindExact",
"WITH": "TokenKindWith",
"AS": "TokenKindAs",
"ACORN": "TokenKindAcorn",
"QUANTIZE": "TokenKindQuantize",
"SCALAR": "TokenKindScalar",
"BINARY": "TokenKindBinary",
"PRODUCT": "TokenKindProduct",
"TURBO": "TokenKindTurbo",
"BITS": "TokenKindBits",
"QUANTILE": "TokenKindQuantile",
"ALWAYS": "TokenKindAlways",
"RAM": "TokenKindRam",
"HNSW": "TokenKindHnsw",
"VECTORS": "TokenKindVectors",
"OPTIMIZERS": "TokenKindOptimizers",
"PARAMS": "TokenKindParams",
"DISABLED": "TokenKindDisabled",
"CREATE": "TokenKindCreate",
"ALTER": "TokenKindAlter",
"DROP": "TokenKindDrop",
"SHOW": "TokenKindShow",
"COLLECTIONS": "TokenKindCollections",
"SELECT": "TokenKindSelect",
"SCROLL": "TokenKindScroll",
"AFTER": "TokenKindAfter",
"RECOMMEND": "TokenKindRecommend",
"QUERY": "TokenKindQuery",
"NEAREST": "TokenKindNearest",
"CONTEXT": "TokenKindContext",
"DISCOVER": "TokenKindDiscover",
"PAIRS": "TokenKindPairs",
"TARGET": "TokenKindTarget",
"ORDER": "TokenKindOrder",
"ASC": "TokenKindAsc",
"DESC": "TokenKindDesc",
"LIMIT": "TokenKindLimit",
"GROUP": "TokenKindGroup",
"BY": "TokenKindBy",
"GROUP_SIZE": "TokenKindGroupSize",
"STRATEGY": "TokenKindStrategy",
"DELETE": "TokenKindDelete",
"UPDATE": "TokenKindUpdate",
"SET": "TokenKindSet",
"VECTOR": "TokenKindVector",
"PAYLOAD": "TokenKindPayload",
"FROM": "TokenKindFrom",
"WHERE": "TokenKindWhere",
"ID": "TokenKindId",
"INDEX": "TokenKindIndex",
"ON": "TokenKindOn",
"FOR": "TokenKindFor",
"TYPE": "TokenKindType",
"AND": "TokenKindAnd",
"OR": "TokenKindOr",
"NOT": "TokenKindNot",
"IN": "TokenKindIn",
"BETWEEN": "TokenKindBetween",
"IS": "TokenKindIs",
"NULL": "TokenKindNull",
"EMPTY": "TokenKindEmpty",
"MATCH": "TokenKindMatch",
"ANY": "TokenKindAny",
"PHRASE": "TokenKindPhrase",
"OFFSET": "TokenKindOffset",
"SCORE": "TokenKindScore",
"THRESHOLD": "TokenKindThreshold",
"LOOKUP": "TokenKindLookup",
"COSINE": "TokenKindCosine",
"DOT": "TokenKindDot",
"EUCLID": "TokenKindEuclid",
"MANHATTAN": "TokenKindManhattan",
"PREFETCH": "TokenKindPrefetch",
"FUSION": "TokenKindFusion",
"SAMPLE": "TokenKindSample",
"RELEVANCE": "TokenKindRelevance",
"FEEDBACK": "TokenKindFeedback",
}

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📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🟠 Major | ⚡ Quick win

🧩 Analysis chain

🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
# Check whether the old lexer.go `keywords` map (and its former helper) are still used anywhere.
rg -n 'keywords\b' internal/lexer/*.go
echo "---"
rg -n 'hasPrefixCaseInsensitive' internal/lexer/*.go

Repository: srimon12/qql-go

Length of output: 549


🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

echo "=== file map ==="
git ls-files internal/lexer/*.go

echo
echo "=== outline generate_lookup.go ==="
ast-grep outline internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go --view expanded || true

echo
echo "=== outline lexer.go ==="
ast-grep outline internal/lexer/lexer.go --view expanded || true

echo
echo "=== relevant slices: generate_lookup.go ==="
sed -n '1,220p' internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go

echo
echo "=== relevant slices: lexer.go ==="
sed -n '1,120p' internal/lexer/lexer.go

Repository: srimon12/qql-go

Length of output: 9802


🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

rg -n "generate_lookup|TokenKind" internal/lexer README.md .github . || true
echo "---"
sed -n '120,220p' internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go
echo "---"
sed -n '1,90p' internal/lexer/lexer.go

Repository: srimon12/qql-go

Length of output: 50372


🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

python3 - <<'PY'
import re
from pathlib import Path

def parse_map(path, key_pat, val_pat):
    text = Path(path).read_text()
    m = re.search(r'var keywords = map\[[^\]]+\][^{]*\{(.*?)^\}', text, re.S | re.M)
    if not m:
        raise SystemExit(f"could not find keywords map in {path}")
    body = m.group(1)
    pairs = re.findall(r'^\s*"([^"]+)"\s*:\s*([^,\n]+),\s*$', body, re.M)
    return dict(pairs)

gen = parse_map("internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go", None, None)
lex = parse_map("internal/lexer/lexer.go", None, None)

gen_keys = set(gen)
lex_keys = set(lex)

print("generate_lookup.go entries:", len(gen))
print("lexer.go entries:", len(lex))
print("same keys:", gen_keys == lex_keys)
print("only in generate_lookup.go:", sorted(gen_keys - lex_keys))
print("only in lexer.go:", sorted(lex_keys - gen_keys))

# spot-check value naming correspondence
mismatched = []
for k in sorted(gen_keys & lex_keys):
    expected = "TokenKind" + "".join(part.capitalize() for part in k.lower().split("_"))
    if gen[k] != f'"{expected}"' and lex[k] != expected:
        mismatched.append((k, gen[k], lex[k]))
print("mismatched samples:", mismatched[:5])
PY

Repository: srimon12/qql-go

Length of output: 296


Keep a single canonical keyword table internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go and internal/lexer/lexer.go still duplicate the same 98 keywords, so edits can drift. Generate one from the other or move the list into shared data.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

In `@internal/lexer/generate_lookup.go` around lines 13 - 112, The keyword list is
duplicated between the lookup generator and the lexer, which can drift over
time. Consolidate the canonical keyword table used by generate_lookup.go and
lexer.go so there is a single source of truth, and update the generation/path in
the relevant keyword handling symbols (such as keywords and the lexer keyword
matching logic) to consume that shared data instead of maintaining two separate
copies.

Comment thread internal/lexer/lexer.go
Comment on lines 324 to 326
func lookupKeyword(s string) (TokenKind, bool) {
if kind, ok := keywords[s]; ok {
return kind, true
}

if len(s) <= 16 {
var buf [16]byte
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
c := s[i]
if c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' {
c -= 32
}
buf[i] = c
}
if kind, ok := keywords[string(buf[:len(s)])]; ok {
return kind, true
}
return 0, false
}

for kw, kind := range keywords {
if len(kw) == len(s) && hasPrefixCaseInsensitive(s, kw) {
return kind, true
}
}
return 0, false
return lookupKeywordFast(s)
}

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📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

🧩 Analysis chain

🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
# Confirm no remaining references to the old map/helper in this package.
rg -n 'keywords\b' internal/lexer/*.go
echo "---"
rg -n 'hasPrefixCaseInsensitive' internal/lexer/*.go

Repository: srimon12/qql-go

Length of output: 549


🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

printf 'Files:\n'
git ls-files internal/lexer

printf '\n--- lexer.go (top and lookup area) ---\n'
sed -n '1,120p' internal/lexer/lexer.go
printf '\n...\n'
sed -n '300,380p' internal/lexer/lexer.go

printf '\n--- lookup_fast.go ---\n'
sed -n '1,220p' internal/lexer/lookup_fast.go

printf '\n--- references to hasPrefixCaseInsensitive / keywords in internal/lexer ---\n'
rg -n 'hasPrefixCaseInsensitive|\\bkeywords\\b' internal/lexer

Repository: srimon12/qql-go

Length of output: 27055


Remove the dead keyword lookup helpers

lookupKeyword now only forwards to lookupKeywordFast, so the old keywords map and hasPrefixCaseInsensitive helper in internal/lexer/lexer.go are no longer referenced. Dropping them will avoid leftover dead code and keep the package clean for staticcheck/U1000.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

In `@internal/lexer/lexer.go` around lines 324 - 326, Remove the unused keyword
lookup code in internal/lexer/lexer.go: since lookupKeyword now just delegates
to lookupKeywordFast, delete the old keywords map and the
hasPrefixCaseInsensitive helper along with any related dead references. Keep
lookupKeyword and lookupKeywordFast as the active path, and make sure the lexer
package still compiles cleanly with no unused declarations for
staticcheck/U1000.

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