feat: implement collection of basic mathematical utility functions an…

[Ctrl-Yam]

…d associated tests

What does this PR do?

Type of change

• New module (easy_*.py)
• New function(s) in an existing module
• Bug fix
• Tests
• Documentation (README, tutorial, docstrings)
• Infra / CI / tooling

Before you submit

Nobody expects this to be perfect on the first try — see
CONTRIBUTING.md if any of this is unclear, and
just say so in the PR if you're stuck on one of these. This checklist
exists so review comments are about the idea, not formatting nits.

• Every new/changed public function has a docstring in the
  project's shape —
  Args/Returns (if applicable) + an Example block with both the
  "Py_simple Way" and "Traditional Way" tabs.
• Tests were added or updated for what changed.
• I ran the existing test suite locally and it passes.
• If this adds a new module: it has a module-level docstring
  ("""easy_<name> is meant to simplify ..."""), a tutorial page in
  docs/tutorial/, and an entry in mkdocs.yml's nav.
• This passes the Simple Philosophy
  check: does this make a complex task easier for a beginner?

Anything else the reviewer should know?

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✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.

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[sara-czasak]

🦋 @Ctrl-Yam Unfortunately this functionality already exists in the easy_converter module. If you would like to add a different function to the easy_math module, I would be glad to merge it!

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