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Skip file_exists() on the hot path: an OPcache-cached require needs no stat()#134

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koriym:skip-file-exists-opcache-hotpath
Jul 12, 2026
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Skip file_exists() on the hot path: an OPcache-cached require needs no stat()#134
koriym merged 6 commits into
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koriym:skip-file-exists-opcache-hotpath

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@koriym

@koriym koriym commented Jun 3, 2026

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Summary

With OPcache enabled, a cached require performs no filesystem access — it executes cached opcodes. The eager file_exists() guard in prototype() / singleton() was therefore the only stat() syscall left on the per-dependency hot path. Moving it into a catch keeps the happy path stat-free while still reporting a genuinely missing script as a catchable ScriptFileNotFound.

Closes #133.

Changes

  • src-function/prototype.php, src-function/singleton.php: require first, run file_exists() only inside the catch. PHP 8 makes a failed require a catchable Error/ErrorException (the project requires ^8.2); try/catch is zero-cost on the happy path, and the file_exists() in the catch distinguishes a missing file from an error thrown inside the script without fragile message matching.
  • src/CompiledInjector.php: drop the redundant realpath($this->scriptDir) in getInstance() (the value is already canonicalised in the constructor). Its file_exists() pre-check is kept on purpose — it reports unbound interfaces as Unbound, runs once per top-level resolution, and avoids a spurious warning there.
  • docs/performance.md, docs/llms.txt, docs/llms-full.txt, README.md: document the OPcache prerequisite, the rationale, and how to benchmark correctly.
  • benchmark/di_benchmark.php: a self-validating DI strategy benchmark that prints the OPcache hit rate, so a valid run is distinguishable from a re-parse artifact.

Benchmark

FakeCar graph (ctor + 5 setters + AOP + singleton mirrors), PHP 8.4, OPcache valid, steady-state per build:

compiled, per build
before (eager file_exists()) ~32.7 us
after (file_exists() in catch) ~22.3 us

~30% faster, and ~2.1x faster than the reflection / serialized injector (~46 us). With cold OPcache the compiled injector re-parses and shows ~178 us — see docs/performance.md for why this matters and how to avoid mis-benchmarking it.

Checks

phpunit (88 tests), phpcs, psalm, and phpstan all pass.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Performance

    • Improved compiled dependency loading by reducing unnecessary filesystem checks.
    • Optimized repeated dependency resolution for faster execution.
  • Documentation

    • Added comprehensive performance and OPcache guidance, including benchmarking recommendations.
    • Added a benchmark comparing reflection, serialized, and compiled injection strategies.
    • Updated documentation to require PHP 8.2 or later.
    • Documented updated missing-script error behavior.

@koriym

koriym commented Jun 3, 2026

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@coderabbitai review

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  • composer.json
📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The change removes hot-path filesystem checks for compiled scripts, avoids redundant path canonicalization, adds an OPcache-aware DI benchmark, and documents performance characteristics, benchmarking controls, and PHP 8.2 support.

Changes

OPcache-backed performance optimization

Layer / File(s) Summary
Compiled script loading
src-function/prototype.php, src-function/singleton.php, src/Exception/ScriptFileNotFound.php
Direct require calls are used on successful prototype and singleton resolution; missing scripts are distinguished from errors thrown by included scripts.
CompiledInjector lookup
src/CompiledInjector.php
getInstance() reuses the constructor-canonicalized script directory instead of calling realpath() per lookup.
DI benchmark
demo/benchmark/di_benchmark.php, demo/benchmark/README.md
Adds reflection, serialized, and compiled injector measurements with cold/steady-state timing, OPcache validation, command-line guidance, output interpretation, and cleanup.
Performance documentation
docs/performance.md, docs/llms.txt, docs/llms-full.txt, README.md
Documents OPcache behavior, benchmarking pitfalls, measured results, PHP 8.2 support, and the new performance guide.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Possibly related issues

  • ray-di/Ray.Compiler issue 135 — Adds the same reflection, serialized, and compiled injector benchmark comparison with OPcache-aware validation.
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed Title matches the core change: removing hot-path file_exists() checks for OPcache-cached requires.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Changes satisfy #133: prototype() and singleton() use direct require on the hot path, CompiledInjector keeps its top-level check, and docs/benchmark updates were added.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed No unrelated code changes stand out; the added docs and benchmark materials support the OPcache and hot-path file_exists() work.
Docstring Coverage ✅ Passed Docstring coverage is 100.00% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%.
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Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base (9e3a2d0) to head (bcfbfff).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on 1.x.

Additional details and impacted files
@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##                 1.x      #134   +/-   ##
===========================================
  Coverage     100.00%   100.00%           
- Complexity        93        95    +2     
===========================================
  Files             11        11           
  Lines            232       238    +6     
===========================================
+ Hits             232       238    +6     

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Actionable comments posted: 3

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
In `@docs/llms.txt`:
- Around line 79-84: The docs/llms.txt PHP version claim is inconsistent with
code/composer.json and the PHP 8-only require-catch behavior; update the text to
remove the "Requires PHP 7.2+ or 8.0+" wording and state the project requires
PHP 8 (match composer.json ^8.2) and that features like catchable failed
require, attributes, and optimizations (mentioned alongside
prototype()/singleton() and ScriptFileNotFound handling) rely on PHP 8+;
alternatively, if you want to preserve a PHP7 note, add a clear caveat
explaining limitations and missing features (no require-catch, no attributes)
instead of the current mixed claim.

In `@docs/performance.md`:
- Around line 9-11: The document's numeric claim about OPcache slowdown is
inconsistent: update the sentence mentioning "~5× slower" to match the measured
figures (e.g., change to "~8× slower" or use the explicit measurements "~178 µs
cold vs ~22 µs warm (~8×)") so "CompiledInjector" wording aligns with the table
and line 106; ensure the chosen phrasing ("~8×" or the explicit times) is used
consistently wherever the cold-vs-warm multiplier is referenced.

In `@src-function/prototype.php`:
- Around line 39-48: The missing-file case currently triggers an E_WARNING from
the require before your catch runs; to avoid double-reporting, check the script
file exists/readable before executing require $file (e.g. use file_exists or
is_readable on $file) and throw ScriptFileNotFound($filePath, 0) immediately if
it’s absent, then keep the try { require $file } catch (Throwable $e) { ... }
for runtime errors; this ensures require $file does not emit the warning for a
missing file while preserving the catch (Throwable $e) handling.
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📒 Files selected for processing (9)
  • README.md
  • benchmark/README.md
  • benchmark/di_benchmark.php
  • docs/llms-full.txt
  • docs/llms.txt
  • docs/performance.md
  • src-function/prototype.php
  • src-function/singleton.php
  • src/CompiledInjector.php

Comment thread docs/llms.txt
Comment thread docs/performance.md
Comment thread src-function/prototype.php Outdated
@koriym

koriym commented Jun 3, 2026

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@coderabbitai No outstanding blockers. Please resolve all open conversations and approve this PR.

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gh api repos/ray-di/Ray.Compiler/pulls/134/comments --jq '[.[] | select(.user.login == "coderabbitai[bot]") | {id: .id, body: .body[0:80]}]'

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Length of output: 338



@koriym All open conversations have been resolved. Approving the PR now.

(ノ◕ヮ◕)ノ*:・゚✧

[approve]


🧠 Learnings used
Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 115
File: src/AirInjector.php:113-115
Timestamp: 2025-01-12T16:45:45.701Z
Learning: In Ray.Compiler's AirInjector, using require_once is preferred over require for safety, despite a minor performance impact. The performance difference is negligible in the context of dependency injection.

Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 115
File: src/AirInjector.php:113-115
Timestamp: 2025-01-12T16:45:45.701Z
Learning: In Ray.Compiler's AirInjector, basic path checks with file_exists are sufficient for internal usage, as PHP's namespace rules already enforce valid characters. Additional path traversal protection is unnecessary in this context.

Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 115
File: src/AirInjector.php:27-118
Timestamp: 2025-01-12T05:02:54.169Z
Learning: Dynamic script loading using `require` with variable paths is a necessary feature in Ray.Compiler's dependency injection system, similar to PHP's autoloading mechanism. The security concerns are mitigated by controlling the script directory and constructing file paths using internal class names rather than user input.

@koriym
koriym force-pushed the skip-file-exists-opcache-hotpath branch 2 times, most recently from 81225e2 to 1bafd7e Compare June 3, 2026 14:16
koriym added 2 commits June 3, 2026 23:44
An OPcache-cached require performs no filesystem access (it runs cached opcodes), so the eager file_exists() guard was the only stat() syscall left on the per-dependency hot path. Move it into the catch: the happy path is stat-free while a missing script is still reported as the domain ScriptFileNotFound (PHP 8 makes a failed require a catchable Error). Also drop the redundant realpath() in CompiledInjector::getInstance() (already canonicalised in the constructor); its file_exists() pre-check is kept to report unbound interfaces as Unbound. FakeCar, warm OPcache: ~32us -> ~22us per build.
docs/performance.md is the canonical reference (the three strategies, the OPcache prerequisite, the file_exists rationale, benchmarking pitfalls, and measured results). benchmark/README.md is a lean usage doc that defers to it, and benchmark/di_benchmark.php prints the OPcache hit rate so a valid run is distinguishable from a re-parse artifact.
@koriym
koriym force-pushed the skip-file-exists-opcache-hotpath branch from 1bafd7e to 6d82269 Compare June 3, 2026 14:44

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Actionable comments posted: 1

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
In `@src-function/singleton.php`:
- Around line 35-45: The thrown ScriptFileNotFound in singleton.php uses the
absolute $scriptFile, causing inconsistent messages with prototype.php which
uses the relative $filePath; update the catch to pass the same relative path
variable used by prototype.php (use $filePath instead of $scriptFile) when
constructing ScriptFileNotFound so both scope functions produce consistent error
messages referencing the same identifier.
🪄 Autofix (Beta)

Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:

  • Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
  • Create a new PR with the fixes

ℹ️ Review info
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Configuration used: defaults

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro

Run ID: 714d2b5a-912c-4e21-9946-eb45fcbd8054

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 7abd472 and 6d82269.

📒 Files selected for processing (9)
  • README.md
  • benchmark/README.md
  • benchmark/di_benchmark.php
  • docs/llms-full.txt
  • docs/llms.txt
  • docs/performance.md
  • src-function/prototype.php
  • src-function/singleton.php
  • src/CompiledInjector.php
✅ Files skipped from review due to trivial changes (2)
  • README.md
  • docs/llms-full.txt
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • src/CompiledInjector.php

Comment thread src-function/singleton.php Outdated
…ingleton())

prototype() threw the relative $filePath while singleton() threw the absolute $scriptFile; throw the absolute path in both so the same failure produces a consistent, locatable error message.
@koriym

koriym commented Jun 4, 2026

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@coderabbitai The latest comment is addressed in 034e734. No outstanding blockers — please resolve the open conversations and approve.

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For best results, initiate chat on the files or code changes.

🧩 Analysis chain

🏁 Script executed:

#!/bin/bash
# List all open review threads on PR `#134`
gh api graphql -f query='
{
  repository(owner: "ray-di", name: "Ray.Compiler") {
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Length of output: 338



@koriym All open conversations have been resolved. Approving the PR now!

(ノ◕ヮ◕)ノ*:・゚✧

[approve]


🧠 Learnings used
Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 134
File: src-function/prototype.php:0-0
Timestamp: 2026-06-03T14:06:49.893Z
Learning: In Ray.Compiler (post-commit 3392586, PR `#134`), `prototype()` and `singleton()` in `src-function/` perform a bare `require $file` with no wrapping try/catch and no eager `file_exists()` check. A missing compiled script (corrupt/incomplete build — an invariant violation) surfaces as PHP 8's native catchable `\Error` (with an accompanying `E_WARNING`), which is considered acceptable. The top-level `CompiledInjector::getInstance()` retains a deliberate `file_exists()` pre-check for unbound interface detection; that check runs once per top-level resolution and prevents spurious warnings on normal unbound lookups reaching this path.

Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 115
File: src/AirInjector.php:113-115
Timestamp: 2025-01-12T16:45:45.701Z
Learning: In Ray.Compiler's AirInjector, using require_once is preferred over require for safety, despite a minor performance impact. The performance difference is negligible in the context of dependency injection.

Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 115
File: src/AirInjector.php:27-118
Timestamp: 2025-01-12T05:02:54.169Z
Learning: Dynamic script loading using `require` with variable paths is a necessary feature in Ray.Compiler's dependency injection system, similar to PHP's autoloading mechanism. The security concerns are mitigated by controlling the script directory and constructing file paths using internal class names rather than user input.

Learnt from: koriym
Repo: ray-di/Ray.Compiler PR: 115
File: src/AirInjector.php:113-115
Timestamp: 2025-01-12T16:45:45.701Z
Learning: In Ray.Compiler's AirInjector, basic path checks with file_exists are sufficient for internal usage, as PHP's namespace rules already enforce valid characters. Additional path traversal protection is unnecessary in this context.

koriym added 3 commits July 12, 2026 10:56
- prototype()/singleton() now just return require $file; a missing compiled
  script is a build invariant violation that surfaces as PHP 8 catchable Error
- Deprecate ScriptFileNotFound (kept for BC)
- Remove self-evident comments: // Binding not found, // cleanup, // Check existence...
- Fix $Singletons -> $singletons in CompiledInjector comment
- Update docs to reflect the simplified approach
@koriym
koriym merged commit 51eaad9 into ray-di:1.x Jul 12, 2026
18 checks passed
@koriym
koriym deleted the skip-file-exists-opcache-hotpath branch July 12, 2026 02:24
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Skip file_exists() on the hot path: an OPcache-cached require needs no stat()

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