Make a failed util.inspect load throw from custom inspect functions instead of aborting - #39382
Make a failed util.inspect load throw from custom inspect functions instead of aborting#39382robobun wants to merge 1 commit into
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WalkthroughThe pull request defers ChangesInspection exception handling
Binding exception propagation
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Updated 1:10 AM PT - Aug 17th, 2026
❌ @robobun, your commit a445d3f has 1 failures in
🧪 To try this PR locally: bunx bun-pr 39382That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-39382 --bun |
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Pushed two follow-ups, description updated to match.
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I reviewed this PR and didn't find any bugs. The follow-up commits addressed the earlier napi.cpp sibling and the comment-cop note; the LazyProperty→WriteBarrier conversion for m_utilInspectFunction/m_utilInspectStylizeColorFunction is a structural change to GlobalObject state, so a human look at that part would still be worthwhile.
What was reviewed:
- Verified every caller of
utilInspectFunction()/utilInspectStylizeColorFunction()(UtilInspect.cpp, WebStreamsInspectCustom.cpp, JSBroadcastChannel.cpp, JSURLSearchParams.cpp, bindings.cpp) checks for an exception after the call. - Confirmed
visitGlobalObjectMember(WriteBarrier<T>&)exists so the two converted members are still GC-visited viaFOR_EACH_GLOBALOBJECT_GC_MEMBER. - Checked the napi.cpp filter loop now guards both
getOwnPropertyDescriptorandgetPrototypefor exceptions before dereferencing, and thenapi_key_own_onlybranch got the same check.
Extended reasoning...
Overview
This PR fixes a fuzzer-found stale-exception bug in Bun.inspect's property walk (JSC__JSValue__forEachPropertyImpl) plus three same-class siblings discovered during review and CI: the getPrototype().getObject() null-deref in the same loop, the identical pattern in napi_get_all_property_names's descriptor filter, and a LazyProperty release-assertion when loading node:util throws inside a custom-inspect path. Eight files touched: five native (bindings.cpp, napi.cpp, BunObject.cpp, ZigGlobalObject.{h,cpp}) and three tests.
Security risks
None identified. The changes tighten exception handling in paths that already ran user code (Proxy traps, lazy property builders); no new user-controlled data flows in. The dynamicDowncast<JSFunction> replacing uncheckedDowncast on util.inspect closes a type-confusion window rather than opening one.
Level of scrutiny
High — this is memory-safety-adjacent C++ in JSC bindings (exception scopes, GC roots, empty-JSValue dereferences). The core bindings.cpp and napi.cpp changes are small and mechanical (reorder CLEAR_IF_EXCEPTION before continue; check getPrototype() result before .getObject()), and each has a test that segfaults on the unfixed build. The ZigGlobalObject change is larger: it converts two LazyProperty<JSFunction> members to plain WriteBarrier<JSFunction> with hand-rolled fallible getters. That is a reasonable pattern (LazyProperty initializers cannot fail without release-asserting), and I verified GC visiting still covers the new type via the existing visitGlobalObjectMember(WriteBarrier<T>&) overload, but it is a structural change to how GlobalObject caches these functions and warrants a maintainer's eye.
Other factors
- All prior review feedback (my napi.cpp sibling note; the comment-cop long-comment flag) has been addressed in follow-up commits.
- Every caller of the two now-fallible getters was checked and already has (or now has, in
Bun__REPL__formatValue) aRETURN_IF_EXCEPTIONimmediately after. - Test coverage is thorough: four child-process tests in
inspect.test.jscovering the lazy-Bun-property, Proxy-get-trap, Proxy-getPrototypeOf-trap, and node:util-load-failure-then-retry paths, plus a Bun-only napi test for the filter-loop trap. The PR description documents each failing onUSE_SYSTEM_BUN=1with the specific failure mode (wrong output / exit 139 / exit 134). - The
BunObject.cppchange just removes a#if BUN_DEBUGblock that re-entered JS with an exception pending; the exception now propagates normally as it does for the neighboringBun.$builder. - The napi test uses
runOn(bunExe(), ...)rather thancheckSameOutputbecause V8's key-collection filters inline and never re-walks the prototype chain, so Node's output would legitimately differ; the test comment documents this.
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Nothing further to change from the latest review pass. On CI, the one red lane on the current build (Windows 2019 x64) is |
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Actionable comments posted: 2
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Inline comments:
In `@src/jsc/bindings/napi.cpp`:
- Around line 2079-2082: Update the loop around getOwnPropertyDescriptor in the
owner property lookup to store its boolean result, call
NAPI_RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION(env) immediately afterward, and only then use the
result to decide whether to continue. Preserve the existing prototype traversal
behavior.
In `@test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js`:
- Around line 612-630: Add GC-stress coverage alongside the retry test for the
cached inspection functions: initialize both inspection caches, force garbage
collection before reuse, then run the styled custom inspection and verify its
colored output remains correct. Use the existing runInChild test flow and Bun GC
mechanism without changing the current retry assertions.
🪄 Autofix
Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:
- Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
- Create a new PR with the fixes
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📒 Files selected for processing (8)
src/jsc/bindings/BunObject.cppsrc/jsc/bindings/ZigGlobalObject.cppsrc/jsc/bindings/ZigGlobalObject.hsrc/jsc/bindings/bindings.cppsrc/jsc/bindings/napi.cpptest/js/bun/util/inspect.test.jstest/napi/napi-app/module.jstest/napi/napi.test.ts
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- src/jsc/bindings/BunObject.cpp
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I re-reviewed after the follow-up commits and didn't find any new issues — the napi.cpp sibling site and the header comment were both addressed, and every caller of utilInspectFunction() / utilInspectStylizeColorFunction() checks for the pending exception. Because the change spans exception handling in the inspect property walk plus a LazyProperty → WriteBarrier storage change on ZigGlobalObject, a human look is still worthwhile.
Checked: the two new WriteBarrier<JSFunction> members are covered by the existing visitGlobalObjectMember(WriteBarrier<T>&) overload; all six external call sites of the now-fallible getters (UtilInspect.cpp, WebStreamsInspectCustom.cpp, JSURLSearchParams.cpp, JSBroadcastChannel.cpp, bindings.cpp) already RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION or null-check; the napi filter loop's new NAPI_RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION after both getOwnPropertyDescriptor and getPrototype matches the key-collection step above it.
Extended reasoning...
Overview
Eight files. Native side: bindings.cpp reorders the CLEAR_IF_EXCEPTION in forEachPropertyImpl's slow path so it runs before the continue, and guards getPrototype() against an empty return; napi.cpp applies the same guard (plus getOwnPropertyDescriptor exception checks) to napi_get_all_property_names's filter loop; ZigGlobalObject.{h,cpp} converts m_utilInspectFunction and m_utilInspectStylizeColorFunction from LazyProperty (whose initializers cannot fail) to WriteBarrier filled in by fallible getters, and adds the missing RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION to Bun__REPL__formatValue; BunObject.cpp drops two debug-only reportUncaughtExceptionAtEventLoop calls that ran with an exception pending. Test side: four spawned-child tests in inspect.test.js and one Bun-only napi test.
Security risks
None identified. The changes tighten exception handling on paths reachable from hostile JavaScript (Proxy traps, clobbered globals) — they close release-build segfaults rather than opening new surface. No auth/crypto/permissions code is touched.
Level of scrutiny
High. This touches core JSC bindings on the console.log/Bun.inspect hot path, changes the storage type of two GC-visited members on ZigGlobalObject, and adjusts N-API error semantics. Per the review guidelines, memory-safety and exception-check changes in native code are the most-blocked category. The LazyProperty → WriteBarrier conversion is a design choice (fallible lazy initialization with retry) that a maintainer should confirm — it's correct as far as I can tell (visitGlobalObjectMember has the WriteBarrier<T>& overload, and the members were never accessed off-thread), but it changes an established pattern on a widely-included header.
Other factors
My earlier inline finding (the napi.cpp sibling) was addressed with a fix and a test. I verified every remaining caller of the now-fallible getters handles the null-with-exception return. Tests are child-spawned so regressions fail rather than crash the runner, cover the retry path for the fallible getters, and each maps to a concrete pre-fix crash mode described in the PR body. CI passed on all lanes for the added tests; the one red lane is an unrelated test/bake flake also seen on another PR. The PR is well-reasoned and the mechanism for each fix is spelled out, but the scope (four native subsystems, GC-member type change) puts it outside the "simple/mechanical" bar for auto-approval.
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On the two review points from the latest pass:
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I reviewed the follow-up commits and didn't find any new issues — the napi.cpp sibling site I flagged earlier is now fixed with a test, and every caller of the now-fallible utilInspectFunction() / utilInspectStylizeColorFunction() checks for an exception afterward. Given the LazyProperty→WriteBarrier refactor and the exception-scope changes across three subsystems, a human look would still be worthwhile.
What was reviewed:
- All six call sites of
utilInspectFunction()/utilInspectStylizeColorFunction()— each hasRETURN_IF_EXCEPTIONor a null check after the call. - The new
WriteBarriermembers are listed inFOR_EACH_GLOBALOBJECT_GC_MEMBER, so they are visited; the added GC test exercises this. - The
napi.cppdescriptor-loop shape CodeRabbit flagged:getOwnPropertyDescriptorreturns false on throw, soNAPI_RETURN_IF_EXCEPTIONas the first body statement covers it — the author's rebuttal holds.
Extended reasoning...
Overview
This PR fixes a fuzzer-found assertion and several release-build segfaults in Bun.inspect's property walk when a property lookup or prototype access throws. Changes span bindings.cpp (clear exception before continue; check getPrototype() for empty before .getObject()), napi.cpp (same getPrototype() guard in napi_get_all_property_names's filter loop, added after I flagged it in the first review pass), ZigGlobalObject.{h,cpp} (converted m_utilInspectFunction and m_utilInspectStylizeColorFunction from LazyProperty to WriteBarrier with fallible getters, since a LazyProperty initializer that returns without setting anything trips a release assertion), and BunObject.cpp (dropped a debug-only reportUncaughtExceptionAtEventLoop that re-entered property lookups with an exception pending). Four subprocess tests in inspect.test.js and one Bun-only napi test were added.
Security risks
None identified. The changes harden exception handling on adversarial-input paths (Proxy traps, clobbered globals) — the pre-fix behavior segfaulted on user-reachable input, so this is a robustness improvement rather than a new attack surface.
Level of scrutiny
High. This touches JSC exception-scope handling and GC-visited members of the global object. The LazyProperty→WriteBarrier conversion changes when and how the members are visited (visitGlobalObjectMember handles both types via the FOR_EACH_GLOBALOBJECT_GC_MEMBER macro, and both new WriteBarrier<JSFunction> entries are in that list). The fallibility contract of utilInspectFunction() changed from never-null to nullptr-with-exception-pending; I grep-verified all six callers (UtilInspect.cpp, WebStreamsInspectCustom.cpp, JSBroadcastChannel.cpp, JSURLSearchParams.cpp, bindings.cpp, ZigGlobalObject.cpp) either RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION or null-check immediately after.
Other factors
My earlier review flagged the napi.cpp sibling site; that is now fixed with a test. The Windows CI failure on the first run turned out to be a third instance of the same bug class (custom inspect on Bun.env loading node:util under a clobbered Symbol), which motivated the LazyProperty refactor — the author explained this in the thread and added a test for the retry-after-failure path plus a GC-survival check (which they verified fails when the members are removed from the visited list). CodeRabbit's remaining unresolved suggestion on the napi.cpp descriptor loop was rebutted correctly: JSObject::getOwnPropertyDescriptor asserts !exception || !result, so a throw always enters the loop body where NAPI_RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION is the first statement.
The changes look correct to me, but the combination of a GC-member type change, a fallibility-contract change across multiple callers, and exception-scope edits in three subsystems is beyond the "simple/mechanical" bar for auto-approval.
m_utilInspectFunction and m_utilInspectStylizeColorFunction were LazyProperty members whose initializers returned without setting a value when loading node:util threw, which trips LazyProperty's release assertion. They are now plain WriteBarriers filled in by accessors that return nullptr with the exception pending and retry on the next call; every caller already checks for an exception after calling them (Bun__REPL__formatValue gets the missing check).
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Narrowed this PR down to the util.inspect lazy-property fix (ZigGlobalObject, plus the exception check in Bun__REPL__formatValue) and its test. The property walk fix, the napi_get_all_property_names checks and the BunObject.cpp change are consolidated in #29642, which now also carries the property-walk regression tests that used to be here. The remaining change is unchanged apart from the rebase; the test moved next to the other Bun.inspect.custom test so it does not overlap with #29642's hunk in the same file. |
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Note for anyone reading the earlier comments here: they describe the property walk, I re-checked the rescoped head ( |
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CI on a445d3f: the only failure that did not pass on retry is test/js/node/worker_threads/worker_threads.test.ts on the x64 ASAN lane, a bundler-thread panic (bundle_v2.rs on_resolve, "entered unreachable code") while a worker is terminated mid-Bun.build; this PR only changes how the util.inspect functions are loaded for custom inspect functions and does not touch workers or the bundler. Reported separately as a main break. hot.test.ts, isolated-install.test.ts and fetch-leak.test.ts passed on retry. |
…p or getPrototypeOf throws during the property walk (#29642) ### Problem - `Bun.inspect()`, `console.log()` and `expect()` failure output crash with `Segmentation fault at address 0x5` (debug builds: UBSan "member call on null pointer of type 'JSC::JSCell'" in `JSCJSValueCell.h`) when a property lookup throws while an object is being formatted. Release repro: ```js const proto = new Proxy({ a: 1 }, { getPrototypeOf() { throw new Error("boom"); } }); console.log(Object.create(proto)); ``` and likewise with a Proxy whose `get` trap (or a getter reached through a Proxy) throws for one property. - The same happens with a lazily initialized property of the `Bun` object whose initializer throws (fuzzer sample: `globalThis.Symbol` replaced, then `Bun.inspect(Bun)`; the builtin behind `Bun.$` calls `Symbol("cwd")`). Release builds print `Bun` with most of its properties missing (72 of 115 on the shipped build); debug builds abort with `ASSERTION FAILED: Unexpected exception observed` / `Symbol is not a function. (In 'Symbol("cwd")' ...)` when the next lazy property is built. - Plain-JavaScript variant of the same leak: `console.log` of a module namespace during an import cycle, when one export is still in its temporal dead zone, throws `ReferenceError: Cannot access 'x' before initialization` out of `console.log` (the stale exception is picked up while the next export is formatted). `util.inspect` prints such an export as `<uninitialized>`. - Cause, in the slow path of `JSC__JSValue__forEachPropertyImpl` (`src/jsc/bindings/bindings.cpp`): - `object->getPropertySlot()` reports a throwing Proxy trap, a throwing lazy initializer or a TDZ namespace export as "not found" with the exception still pending, and the loop `continue`d before the `CLEAR_IF_EXCEPTION` below it. The following lookups and formatting callbacks then run with that exception pending (the dropped properties, the rethrown `ReferenceError`, the debug assertion). - When the walk moves to the next prototype, `iterating->getPrototype(globalObject).getObject()` runs `getObject()` on the empty `JSValue` that `getPrototype` returns when it threw (either because of the stale exception above or because the `getPrototypeOf` trap itself throws). The empty value passes `isCell()`, so this reads the type byte of a null cell: the fault at address 5. - `napi_get_all_property_names` (`src/jsc/bindings/napi.cpp`, descriptor filter loop) has the same `getPrototype().getObject()` chain after an unchecked `getOwnPropertyDescriptor`, so a Proxy trap throwing there returned `napi_ok` with an exception pending in own-only mode and segfaulted in include-prototypes mode. - `defaultBunSQLObject` / `constructBunSQLObject` (`src/jsc/bindings/BunObject.cpp`) had a debug-only block that handed a sql module load failure to `reportUncaughtExceptionAtEventLoop` while the exception was still pending on the VM, so `globalThis.Symbol = NaN; Bun.sql` (and the fuzzer sample above, once the walk gets past `Bun.$`) aborted debug builds with `ASSERTION FAILED: ... object->structure() == this` in `Structure::storedPrototype` instead of throwing. ### Fix - `bindings.cpp`: clear the exception after `getPropertySlot` regardless of its result, which is what the ordered variant `JSC__JSValue__forEachPropertyOrdered` already does; read the next prototype into a `JSValue`, clear the exception and stop the walk when it is empty. (An earlier revision also held the prototype being walked under an `EnsureStillAliveScope`; dropped, since the raw pointer is used after every call into JS in the loop body and so is live across them anyway.) - Behaviour change to note: a property whose lookup throws is now left out of the output instead of the whole `console.log` / `Bun.inspect` call throwing or crashing. For TDZ namespace exports this differs from `util.inspect`'s `<uninitialized>`; printing that marker would be a formatter feature on top of this fix and is not attempted here. - `napi.cpp`: check for an exception after `getOwnPropertyDescriptor` and after `getPrototype` and return `napi_pending_exception`, which is what Node returns for these cases. - `BunObject.cpp`: drop the debug-only report. The exception is propagated to the reader by the `RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION` right below it, so debug builds now behave like release builds (`Bun.sql` throws). - Why this is the right place: the formatter deliberately swallows errors thrown by individual properties (getters, traps) and prints the rest of the object; these two sites were the only ones in the walk that acted on a "not found" result or a prototype value before clearing the exception that produced it. Skipping just the property (or stopping at just the prototype) whose lookup threw is the existing behaviour for every other throw site in this function. - Verification: - `test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js`, "Bun.inspect when a property lookup throws" (5 spawned cases): a Proxy `get` trap, a getter behind a Proxy, a `getPrototypeOf` trap, a throwing lazy `Bun` property, and a two-file import cycle with a TDZ export. Without the fix (shipped release build and an unfixed debug build) all five fail: the Proxy children segfault / fail UBSan, the `Bun` child prints `[false,false,...]` on release and aborts on debug, the cycle child exits 1 with the `ReferenceError`; with it each prints everything except the one property whose lookup threw. - `test/js/bun/util/BunObject.test.ts`, "a lazy property whose builtin fails to load throws from the read": `Bun.$` / `sql` / `SQL` / `postgres` with `Symbol` broken throw a `TypeError` on two consecutive reads. Aborts on an unfixed debug build (the `BunObject.cpp` hunk); passes on release either way, as the removed block is debug-only. The fixture builds `process.env` before breaking `Symbol` because the `$` builder reads it, and building it on Windows reifies another `Bun` property mid-lookup, which on a Windows debug build would hit the separate `storedPrototype` assertion that #37001 fixes (verified on Linux only). - `test/napi/napi.test.ts`: `getOwnPropertyDescriptor` trap throwing in own-only and include-prototypes mode (compared against Node), and a `getPrototypeOf` trap that throws on the second call so the check after `getPrototype` is the one that fires. - Repros above and the tests also run clean under `BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1`. ### Background - `forEachPropertyImpl` is the property walk behind Bun's native formatter. It collects the property names of the object and of up to five prototypes, looks each one up through the original object with `getPropertySlot`, and hands the value to a callback that formats it. Errors thrown by individual properties are swallowed on purpose so that one bad getter does not make `console.log` throw. - A JSC exception is "pending" state on the VM, not C++ unwinding. A function that throws returns a failure value (`false`, or the empty `JSValue`) and leaves the exception on the VM; until something clears or rethrows it, most JSC entry points return early as soon as they are called, and debug builds assert when a function that did not throw is observed returning with an exception pending. `CLEAR_IF_EXCEPTION` drops the pending exception. - The empty `JSValue` (`JSValue()`) is encoded as 0. `isCell()` is true for it, so `getObject()` on it dereferences a null cell pointer rather than returning null; callers have to test the value itself first. - Lazy properties of the `Bun` object are entries in a static property table whose value is produced by a builder the first time the property is read (`PropertyCallback`). Some builders evaluate built-in JavaScript modules (the shell for `Bun.$`, the sql module for `Bun.sql`), so they can throw when that module fails to evaluate, and JSC reports that to the reader as "property not found" plus a pending exception. ### Consolidated duplicates Found repeatedly by the fuzzer (fingerprint `d678cafe50a2ad6e`). Earlier round, folded in here in April: #29071 #28991 #28919 #28918 #28882 #28854 #28530 #28325. This round, closed in favour of this PR: #30099 #30245 #37160 #37175 #37213 #37256 #37428 #38700 #38921 #39363 #39365 #39380 #39412 #39413 (and #39411, closed earlier). The `BunObject.cpp` hunk and the `BunObject.test.ts` test come from #30245 / #37428; the same hunk is also part of #37001, which fixes the underlying `storedPrototype` assertion in JSC. Related fixes that are not part of this bug and stay open on their own: #39382 (a custom inspect function when `node:util` fails to load), #37202 (`util.isError` with a throwing `getPrototypeOf` trap), #37331 (`forEachPropertyOrdered` when the callback throws), #37001 (stale structure in `JSObject::getPropertySlot`), #32263 (additional checks in the same napi loop). <!-- robobun:evidence:begin --> --- **no test proof** · iteration 11 · Platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine. Deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js test/napi/napi.test.ts <!-- robobun:evidence:end --> --------- Co-authored-by: robobun <robobun@users.noreply.github.com>
Problem
[Bun.inspect.custom]/[util.inspect.custom]) thatBun.inspectorconsole.logruns makes the native formatter loadutil.inspect, and withcolorsitsstylizehelper. If that load throws, the process aborts, in release builds too: debug builds reportASSERTION FAILED: !(initializer.property.m_pointer & lazyTag)inLazyProperty::callFunc. Triggers:node:utilfailing to evaluate because a global it uses was replaced (globalThis.Symbol = 0, the fuzzer's case: on WindowsBun.envhas a custom inspect function, soconsole.log(Bun)hits this), or the first custom inspect running with the stack nearly exhausted so the module load throws aRangeError.m_utilInspectFunctionandm_utilInspectStylizeColorFunction(src/jsc/bindings/ZigGlobalObject.cpp,finishCreation) areLazyPropertymembers whose initializersRETURN_IF_EXCEPTIONwithout callinginit.set().LazyPropertyrequires the initializer to always set a value and asserts otherwise. The callers (UtilInspect.cpp,JSURLSearchParams.cpp,WebStreamsInspectCustom.cpp,JSBroadcastChannel.cpp) already check for an exception after calling the accessors, but the assertion fires before they get the chance. Autil.inspectexport replaced with a non-function was also downcast unchecked.Fix
WriteBarrier<JSFunction>s (visited through the existing GC member list) filled in byGlobalObject::utilInspectFunction()/utilInspectStylizeColorFunction(), which returnnullptrwith the exception pending when the load throws, cache nothing in that case, and so retry on the next call. A non-functionutil.inspectbecomes aTypeError.Bun__REPL__formatValuegets the one exception check that was missing among the callers.Bun.inspectlike any other exception thrown by a custom inspect function, and it should not be made permanent, since the condition that caused it (a broken global, a deep stack) can go away. Every caller already has the exception check this contract needs;createInspectOptionsObjecteven already handled a nullstylizefunction.test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js, "a custom inspect function throws when node:util cannot be loaded, and works once it can" (spawned child): withSymbolbroken the call throws; with it restored a custom inspect function runs, the colors path returns the styled string, and both still work afterBun.gc(true). Without the fix the child exits 134 on release and debug builds; with it the test passes, as do the rest ofinspect.test.js,test/js/node/util/custom-inspect.test.jsandbun-inspect.test.ts.Background
LazyProperty<Owner, T>is a JSC helper for a member that is initialized on first access by running a callback. The callback receives anInitializerand must callinit.set(value);LazyProperty::callFuncasserts (RELEASE_ASSERT, so in release builds too) if it returns without doing so, because there is no representation for "tried and failed".WriteBarrier<T>is the ordinary GC-aware member pointer; it can hold null, so "not loaded yet" and "load failed, try again later" are both representable, and the global object'svisitChildrenmarks it throughFOR_EACH_GLOBALOBJECT_GC_MEMBER.nullptrhere) and the caller checks the scope before using the result.History
This PR originally also fixed the stale-exception /
getPrototypecrash in theBun.inspectproperty walk, the matching check innapi_get_all_property_names, and theBunObject.cppdebug-only report; those are consolidated in #29642 and were removed from here. This PR is now only theutil.inspectlazy-property fix, which #29642 does not cover. The same bug was also addressed, with different designs, in #29235, #30267, #37160, #37175, #37202 and #37213; those PRs were closed (or, for #37202, narrowed to a different bug) in favour of this one. #29235 / #30267 / #37213 cache a placeholder or null after the first failure, #37160 reads the internal inspect module and installs a throwing stub, #37202 installs an identity fallback; this PR throws and retries, which keeps every caller's existing exception check as the only handling needed.