📖 README • 📝 DECLARATION (AI & Tool Usage) • 📜 Code of Conduct • 🤝 Contributing • ⚖️ MIT License • 🛡️ Security Policy
Smart Horizon: 48-Hour International Hackathon Grand Finale (Sept 3–5, 2026)
Host Institution: New Horizon College of Engineering (NHCE), Bengaluru
Organized by: Dept. of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning and Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
Team ID:SHIH26-TID-361| Track: Defence & SpaceTech (DST) | Venue: Library
Problem Statement: SH-DST-05 (Autonomous Drone Swarm System for Search, Rescue & Reconnaissance in GPS-Denied / RF-Jammed Environments)
Scoring Architecture: 300 Total Marks across 3 Evaluative Stages (Eval 1 @ 100m, Eval 2 @ 100m, Eval 3 @ 100m)
Public Repository: https://github.com/nikhil49023/SUTRA
| Submission Deliverable | File Path | Format & Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presentation (PPTX) | Smart_Horizon_2026_SUTRA_Grand_Finale_Pitch.pptx |
PPTX (3.1 MB) | Official 14-slide NHCE Hackathon Grand Finale presentation deck. |
| Presentation (PDF) | docs/presentation/SUTRA_Master_Pitch_Deck_Web.pdf |
PDF (1.0 MB) | 16:9 Landscape vector presentation deck with KaTeX mathematics. |
| Technical Whitepaper (PDF) | docs/presentation/SUTRA_PPT_Context_Document.pdf |
PDF (837 KB) | 9-Page Comprehensive Context Dossier with literature survey & live links. |
| Technical Whitepaper (Web) | docs/presentation/SUTRA_PPT_Context_Document.html |
HTML5 | Interactive offline web version of the master whitepaper. |
| Technical Whitepaper (MD) | docs/presentation/SUTRA_PPT_Context_Document.md |
Markdown | Source markdown dossier detailing problem understanding & architecture. |
| Jury Feedback Tracker | docs/hackathon/JURY_FEEDBACK_TRACKER.md |
Markdown | 100% resolution tracking of jury items from Eval 1 & 2 (NHCE Rule 6.1). |
In natural catastrophes (such as the 2013 Kedarnath flash floods and debris flows, catastrophic Himalayan landslides, or collapsed multi-story Reinforced Concrete structures) and hostile electronic warfare (EW) corridors, rapid search and rescue (SAR) is governed by the UN OCHA INSARAG Golden 24-Hour window. Survivor survival probability drops precipitously after 24 hours of entrapment.
Traditional single-drone and centralized swarm systems fail catastrophically due to three fundamental bottlenecks:
-
Single-Point-of-Failure & Narrow Sweep: A single commercial quadcopter lacks the spatial sweep rate and flight endurance to cover wide disaster corridors (
$>10 ext{ km}^2$ ) in time. Foot reconnaissance takes 18 to 24 hours. A single motor or battery cutoff aborts the entire rescue mission. - GPS-Denied Drift & Mid-Air Collisions: In mountain gorges, dense forest canopies, or GPS-jammed sectors, satellite signals are denied. Standalone IMU dead reckoning quickly drifts, resulting in Velocity Obstacle singularities and catastrophic mid-air collisions among friendly UAVs.
-
The Digital Cliff Effect Under Jamming: Standard digital video protocols (H.264 / RTSP + 16-QAM/LDPC) suffer from a rigid Shannon cutoff: when RF Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) drops below
$4.8 ext{ dB}$ , packet loss triggers an immediate, total video blackout (0 kbps). Edge AI survivor detection drops to 0%, and WGS84 GPS target tracking is completely lost.
Project SUTRA (Swarm Unified Tactical Reconnaissance Architecture) is an Autonomous 5-UAV Drone Swarm System engineered from first principles for collaborative search, rescue, survivor discovery, and tactical reconnaissance in GPS-denied and RF-jammed environments. SUTRA operates 100% decentralized: each drone runs its own guidance, navigation, perception, and consensus stack, achieving robust multi-agent coordination without relying on cloud servers, external GPS, or unjammed radio links.
Project SUTRA is engineered across a 6-tier decentralized autonomy pipeline, connecting physical/simulated disaster environments, onboard flight controllers, neural accelerators, ad-hoc wireless mesh links, and incident command stations:
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ DISASTER ENVIRONMENT (GAZEBO SIM 8 / PHYSICAL) │
│ • Submerged Kedarnath Flood World • Forest Canopy SAR │
└──────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
│
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼
┌───────────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────┐
│ AVIONICS & SENSORS │ │ PAYLOAD PERCEPTION │
│ • Stereo VIO Cameras │ │ • 4K RGB Gimbal Camera │
│ • Dual 250Hz IMUs (ICM) │ │ • FLIR Boson LWIR Thermal│
│ • Barometer / ToF Lidar │ │ • mmWave Radar Altimeter │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘ └─────────────┬─────────────┘
│ │
▼ ▼
┌───────────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────┐
│ PX4 AUTOPILOT v1.14 │ │ EDGE COMPANION (ORIN) │
│ • EKF2 State Estimator │ <─────── 50Hz Offboard Setpoint Streaming ───────────── │ • TensorRT YOLOv8-Nano │
│ • MicroXRCE-DDS Client │ │ • ByteTrack Multi-Tracker│
│ • PWM Motor ESC Control │ ─────── High-Rate Odometry Feedback (50Hz) ──────────> │ • 6-DOF DEM Raycaster │
└───────────────────────────┘ └─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ DECENTRALIZED SWARM AUTONOMY CORE (ONBOARD) │
│ • 3D ORCA Collision Avoidance: Velocity Obstacle half-planes guaranteeing d_min >= 2.5m │
│ • 3D OctoMap Voxel Engine: Dynamic 0.15m tree/rubble occupancy grid integration │
│ • SwarmRAFT Consensus: Replicated mission state, task assignment, and <500ms leader election │
│ • Deep JSCC Semantic Encoder: Compresses 1,536 KB RGB/Thermal frame into 16.0 KB latent symbols │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ DECENTRALIZED 802.11s PEER-TO-PEER AD-HOC MESH NETWORK │
│ • 5.8 GHz DFS Channels • BATMAN-adv Layer 2 Routing • Deep JSCC Analog Links (Resilient to -8 dB)│
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
│
┌───────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼
┌───────────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────┐
│ PEER UAVs (UAV 2 - 5) │ │ TACTICAL 3D GIS GCS │
│ • Local Consensus Node │ │ • React 18 + Mapbox GL │
│ • Sector Sweep Coverage │ │ • WebGPU Telemetry HUD │
│ • Collaborative Relay │ │ • Deep JSCC Neural Dec. │
└───────────────────────────┘ └─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────────────────┐
│ NDRF / C4I COMMAND │
│ • Cursor-on-Target (CoT) │
│ • ATAK / WinTAK Terminals│
│ • District EOC Dispatch │
└───────────────────────────┘
| Topic Name | Message Type | Rate (Hz) | Publisher Subsystem | Subscriber Subsystem | Operational Payload / Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/uav_{id}/fmu/in/trajectory_setpoint |
px4_msgs/TrajectorySetpoint |
50 Hz | Subsystem A (GNC) | PX4 Autopilot v1.14 | 3D velocity ( |
/uav_{id}/fmu/out/vehicle_odometry |
px4_msgs/VehicleOdometry |
50 Hz | PX4 Autopilot v1.14 | Subsystem A, C, D | 6-DOF EKF2 estimated pose, attitude quaternion, and linear velocity. |
/uav_{id}/camera/image_raw |
sensor_msgs/Image |
30 Hz | Gazebo Sim / Hardware | Subsystem C (Perception) | Raw 1080p optical RGB frame feed from stabilized gimbal camera. |
/uav_{id}/camera/thermal_raw |
sensor_msgs/Image |
30 Hz | Gazebo Sim / Hardware | Subsystem C (Perception) | 8–14μm LWIR thermal frame feed for night/smoke survivor identification. |
/uav_{id}/perception/detections |
sutra_interfaces/DetectionArray |
30 Hz | Subsystem C (Perception) | Subsystem D (GCS) | Bounding boxes, confidence scores, and ByteTrack persistent track IDs. |
/uav_{id}/perception/target_gps |
sensor_msgs/NavSatFix |
30 Hz | Subsystem C (Perception) | Subsystem B, D | 6-DOF DEM raycast target coordinates (Latitude, Longitude, Altitude). |
/swarm/mesh/raft_heartbeat |
sutra_interfaces/RaftMessage |
10 Hz | Subsystem B (Comms) | Subsystem B (All UAVs) | SwarmRAFT cluster health, log indices, and dynamic leader election. |
/swarm/mesh/jscc_latent_stream |
sutra_interfaces/JsccLatent |
15 Hz | Subsystem B (Comms) | Subsystem D (GCS) | 16.0 KB continuous complex latent symbols bypassing the digital cliff. |
/gcs/cot_broadcast |
UDP Multicast (XML) | 5 Hz | Subsystem D (GCS) | ATAK / NDRF Command | Standard Cursor-on-Target XML for external C4I civil defense networks. |
Project SUTRA features a standalone, industry-standard RF Link-Level Simulation Workbench (scripts/launch_rf_deep_jscc_simulation.sh), modeled in the avionics instrumentation style of ArduPilot Mission Planner, Keysight PathWave, and NVIDIA Sionna 6G Studio.
It runs live on the companion NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop GPU (DISPLAY=:1) with real-time 3GPP TR 38.901 Rural Macro (RMa) propagation physics, streaming authentic aerial drone disaster stock footage:
-
Zero Digital Cliff Breakdown: While traditional digital transmission (H.264 / 16-QAM + LDPC) collapses into blackouts below
$4.8 ext{ dB}$ SNR, SUTRA Deep JSCC operates continuously down to$-8.0 ext{ dB}$ SNR via smooth analog semantic degradation. -
+92% AI Survivor Retention Under Jamming: During severe
$-18 ext{ dB}$ electronic barrage jamming, traditional digital video drops to$0%$ detections (feed frozen). Deep JSCC retains$>88-95%$ survivor and vehicle detections, keeping search operations alive. -
96.9% Bandwidth Reduction: Compresses raw 1080p frames from
$1,536 ext{ KB}$ down to$16.0 ext{ KB}$ continuous complex latent symbols, allowing all 5 swarm drones to stream concurrently over narrow 802.11s mesh links without channel saturation. -
Continuous Sub-0.32m WGS84 Geolocation Fix: Direct 6-DOF camera raycasting projects 2D survivor bounding boxes to terrain-corrected GPS coordinates (
$30.7346^\circ ext{ N}, 79.0669^\circ ext{ E}$ ), maintaining continuous Cursor-on-Target (CoT) telemetry to ground rescue teams.
In strict adherence to NHCE Hackathon Rule 6.4.1 ("Teams must submit complete source code with all supporting files clearly mentioning tools used"), Rule 7.1 ("Use of third-party APIs, SDKs, frameworks, and datasets complying fully with licenses"), and Rule 6.2 ("Zero Plagiarism and original algorithmic development"), the following comprehensive disclosures are made:
- AI Coding Assistants Utilized: Google DeepMind Antigravity CLI, Google Gemini 3.8 Flash, Anthropic Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and DeepSeek-V3/R1.
- Permitted Scope of AI Assistance:
- Automated boilerplate and CRUD scaffolding across ROS 2 nodes.
- Synthesizing deterministic PyTest test fixtures and regression assertion suites.
- Formatting documentation, docstrings, and LaTeX mathematical expressions into KaTeX HTML.
- Original Algorithmic Authorship Invariant (Rule 6.2):
All core control laws (quintic polynomial trajectories, ORCA 3D velocity obstacle solvers, C3BF barrier certificates), Deep JSCC neural architectures, 6-DOF WGS84 DEM raycasting equations, SwarmRAFT consensus finite state machines, and Gazebo Sim SDF 1.9 worlds were conceptually formulated, mathematically derived, implemented, and tuned by Team SUTRA during the 48-hour hackathon.
All third-party open-source components used in Project SUTRA comply fully with their respective permissive licenses:
| Software / Library | Version / Branch | License Type | Official Source Link | Operational Role in SUTRA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROS 2 Humble / Jazzy | Humble Hawksbill | Apache 2.0 | ros.org | Distributed robotics pub/sub middleware and process orchestration. |
| PX4 Autopilot | v1.14+ | BSD 3-Clause | px4.io | Flight dynamics, EKF2 state estimator, and motor ESC PWM mixing. |
| MicroXRCE-DDS | v2.4.1 | Apache 2.0 | eProsima | Ultra-low overhead 50Hz DDS bridge connecting PX4 RTOS to ROS 2. |
| Gazebo Sim | Sim 8 (Harmonic) | Apache 2.0 | gazebosim.org | Multi-UAV physics digital twin, wind disturbance, and disaster worlds. |
| NVIDIA Sionna | v0.15.1 | Apache 2.0 | developer.nvidia.com/sionna | 3GPP TR 38.901 wireless channel ray tracing and physical-layer simulation. |
| PyTorch | 2.3+ (CUDA 12.1) | BSD-style | pytorch.org | Deep JSCC convolutional autoencoder training, inference, and tensor math. |
| NVIDIA TensorRT | 10.0+ | NVIDIA Proprietary (Free) | developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt | FP16 post-training quantization for edge survivor detection (4.2ms). |
| Ultralytics YOLOv8 | 8.1+ | AGPL-3.0 / Enterprise | github.com/ultralytics | Baseline convolutional weights adapted for aerial survivor detection. |
| ByteTrack | Official | MIT License | github.com/ifzhang/ByteTrack | Multi-object Kalman filter tracking by low-score association. |
| OctoMap | v1.9.8 | BSD 3-Clause | octomap.github.io | 3D probabilistic voxel grid mapping for volumetric obstacle clearance. |
| React 18 | 18.2.0 | MIT License | react.dev | Component-based reactive UI rendering for the 3D GIS ground station. |
| Mapbox GL JS | 3.0+ | Mapbox Terms | mapbox.com | 3D satellite elevation rendering and multi-drone vector flight trails. |
| KaTeX | 0.16.8 | MIT License | katex.org | Crisp, client-side vector typesetting of LaTeX mathematical equations. |
- VisDrone2021 Dataset: Aerial drone detection benchmark (10,209 frames) used under academic non-commercial license (GitHub).
- FLIR ADAS Thermal Dataset: Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) 8–14μm dataset for thermal survivor signature validation (FLIR).
- NASA SRTM 30m Global DEM: Public domain digital elevation model from NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission for terrain raycasting (NASA Earthdata).
Under our project integrity protocol and NHCE hackathon evaluation standards, every reported metric is captured verbatim from live terminal execution. Zero hardcoded or projected numbers are permitted:
| Verification Command | Test Suite / Package | Measured Benchmark Value | Execution Time | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pytest sutra_ws/src/sutra_gnc/test/ |
Subsystem A (GNC, VIO & ORCA 3D) | 127 / 127 Passed | 4.02s | ✅ VERIFIED |
pytest sutra_ws/src/sutra_perception/test/ |
Subsystem C (Perception & Raycast) | 61 / 61 Passed | 2.44s | ✅ VERIFIED |
pytest sutra_ws/src/sutra_comms/test/ |
Subsystem B (Mesh, Deep JSCC & NS-3) | 62 / 62 Passed | 9.95s | ✅ VERIFIED |
pytest sutra_ws/src/sutra_sim/test/ |
Subsystem SITL (World & Physics) | 5 / 5 Passed | 0.04s | ✅ VERIFIED |
| Monorepo PyTest Suite | All Core ROS 2 Packages | 255 / 255 Passed |
16.45s |
✅ VERIFIED |
npm run build (sutra_gcs) |
Subsystem D (3D GIS GCS Dashboard) | 1403 modules, 226.38 kB | 6.70s | ✅ VERIFIED |
| Deep JSCC PyTorch Inference | RTX 3050 CUDA GPU (cuda:0) |
1.31 ms / frame (580+ FPS) |
Measured live | ✅ VERIFIED |
| WGS84 Raycasting Geolocation | 6-DoF DEM Raycasting vs Ground Truth | 0.036m (3.61 cm) error |
Gate G4 pass | ✅ VERIFIED |
In accordance with NHCE Rule 1.4 (team composition with mandatory female representation) and Rule 3.4 (24/7 workstation attendance in the Library):
| Subsystem | Area & Focus | Lead Owner | Pair / Assistant | Feature Branch | Machine & Specs | Jury Defense Ownership |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subsystem A | GNC & Flight Control | ⚡ Nikhil (Tech Lead) | Rohith Kumar | feature/subsystem-a-gnc |
ASUS TUF A15 (RTX 3050 GPU, AMD CPU) | 🛡️ Architecture, Control Laws & Moat Defense |
| Subsystem B | Comms, JSCC & Sim | ⚡ Nikhil (Tech Lead) | Rohith Kumar | feature/subsystem-b-comms |
ASUS TUF A15 (RTX 3050 GPU, AMD CPU) | 🛡️ Sionna 6G Workbench, Mesh & SITL Defense |
| Subsystem C | AI Edge Perception | 👁️ Vedanth Sai Ram | Rohith Kumar | feature/subsystem-c-perception |
Lenovo Yoga (Ultrabook CPU) | 🛡️ Edge AI, YOLOv8 & WGS84 Geolocation Defense |
| Subsystem D | 3D GIS GCS Dashboard | 🗺️ Siva Kesava | Rohith Kumar | feature/subsystem-d-gcs |
Lenovo Laptop (Intel i5 CPU) | 🛡️ GCS Dashboard, WebGPU & Operator HUD Defense |
| Subsystem E | Audits & Pitch Delivery | 📑 Harika | Nikhil (Co-Lead) | feature/subsystem-e-docs |
MacBook Pro (Apple Silicon) | 🛡️ Jury Pitch, Verification & Global Standards Defense |
| Subsystem F | Tactical Ops & CONOPS | ⚙️ Rohith Kumar | Harika (Co-Lead) | feature/subsystem-f-ops |
HP Victus (RTX 4050 6GB GPU, Intel i7) | 🛡️ Field Deployment, NDMA CONOPS & Desk Anchor (Rule 3.4) |
| Component | Engineering Specification | Unit Cost (INR) | Unit Cost (USD) | Source / Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frame & Airframe | QAV350 Carbon Fiber Frame + Dampers | ₹3,200 | $38 | Robu.in / Local OEM |
| Propulsion System | EMAX 2212 980KV Motors + 20A 4-in-1 ESC | ₹4,000 | $48 | Robu.in |
| Flight Controller | Holybro Pixhawk 6C Mini + M8N GPS/Compass | ₹14,500 | $175 | Holybro / OEM |
| Companion Computer | Raspberry Pi 5 (8GB) / NVIDIA Jetson Nano | ₹8,200 | $99 | Element14 / Robu |
| Dual Vision Payload | Sony IMX219 (RGB) + FLIR Micro-Thermal | ₹4,600 | $55 | GroupGets / Local |
| Swarm Mesh Radio | Alfa AWUS036ACH 802.11ac/s High-Gain Radio | ₹3,800 | $46 | Local Distributor |
| Battery & Power | Tattu 4S 2200mAh 75C LiPo + PM02 Power Module | ₹4,550 | $54 | GensAce / Robu |
| TOTAL PER AUTONOMOUS UAV | Decentralized Search & Rescue Drone | ₹42,850 | $515 USD | 35× Lower than Commercial Systems |
Commercial comparison: A single commercial enterprise drone (DJI Matrice 350 RTK with Zenmuse H20T thermal payload) costs ₹15,00,000 to ₹18,50,000 ($18,000–$22,000). SUTRA deploys an entire 5-drone collaborative swarm for ₹2,14,250 ($2,575)—less than 15% of the cost of a single enterprise drone.
pytest sutra_ws/src/sutra_gnc/test/ sutra_ws/src/sutra_perception/test/ sutra_ws/src/sutra_comms/test/ -qbash scripts/launch_rf_deep_jscc_simulation.sh
# Interactive Controls: [1] Landslide | [2] Flood | [3] Thermal | [4] Jamming | [J] Barrage Togglecd sutra_ws/src/sutra_gcs
npm run preview -- --port 3000
# Open http://localhost:3000 in your browserpython3 -m http.server 8000
# Open http://localhost:8000/SUTRA_OFFLINE_PORTAL.html- NHCE Rule 6.1 (Jury Feedback Incorporation): 100% of feedback from Evaluation 1 (practical field deployment, NDMA IRS doctrine, 180s staging, 4+1 battery cycle) and Evaluation 2 (ArduPilot/PX4 flight control emphasis, wind rejection, jawan-proof touch UX) is fully implemented and tracked in
docs/hackathon/JURY_FEEDBACK_TRACKER.md. - NHCE Rule 6.2 (Zero-Plagiarism Invariant): All control laws, algorithms, and simulation worlds are original works developed during the hackathon.
- NHCE Rule 6.4 (Required Deliverables): Complete source code, automated test harnesses, comprehensive documentation, pitch presentations, and technical whitepapers are published and publicly accessible.
- NHCE Rule 8.1 & 8.2 (IPR Agreement): Joint intellectual property ownership between New Horizon College of Engineering (NHCE) and Team SUTRA is recognized and respected.
- Statutory Compliance: Compliant with DGCA Drone Rules 2021 (Rule 50 Emergency BVLOS Exemption) and the Disaster Management Act 2005 (Sections 34 & 38).
Project SUTRA — Swarm Unified Tactical Reconnaissance Architecture
Smart Horizon 48-Hour International Hackathon Grand Finale (Sept 3–5, 2026)
New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru — Team ID: SHIH26-TID-361
