Complete B.Com study material covering all major subjects — Accounting, Finance, Business Law, Economics, and Management. Designed for Indian university students.
| Semester | Subjects |
|---|---|
| 1st Year | Financial Accounting, Business Economics, Business Communication, Business Law |
| 2nd Year | Corporate Accounting, Cost Accounting, Business Statistics, Income Tax |
| 3rd Year | Management Accounting, Auditing, Financial Management, GST & Customs |
| Topic | Key Concepts |
|---|---|
| Double Entry System | Every debit has a credit, Journal entries, Ledger posting |
| Final Accounts | Trading A/c, P&L A/c, Balance Sheet |
| Depreciation | SLM, WDV, methods comparison |
| Bank Reconciliation | BRS preparation, causes of difference |
| Rectification of Errors | One-sided, two-sided, suspense account |
| Partnership Accounts | Admission, retirement, dissolution |
| Company Accounts | Issue of shares, debentures, buyback |
Personal Account: Debit the Receiver, Credit the Giver
Real Account: Debit what Comes In, Credit what Goes Out
Nominal Account: Debit all Expenses/Losses, Credit all Incomes/Gains
| Basis | Types |
|---|---|
| By Nature | Material, Labour, Overheads |
| By Function | Production, Admin, Selling, Distribution |
| By Behaviour | Fixed, Variable, Semi-variable |
| By Control | Controllable, Uncontrollable |
Prime Cost = Direct Material + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses
Factory Cost = Prime Cost + Factory Overheads
Cost of Production = Factory Cost + Office Overheads
Total Cost = Cost of Production + Selling & Distribution Overheads
Profit = Sales - Total Cost
BEP (Units) = Fixed Cost / Contribution per Unit
BEP (Sales) = Fixed Cost / P/V Ratio
P/V Ratio = (Contribution / Sales) × 100
Margin of Safety = Actual Sales - BEP Sales
- Demand & Supply analysis
- Elasticity of demand (Price, Income, Cross)
- Consumer equilibrium (Utility theory, Indifference curves)
- Market structures (Perfect competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly)
- Cost & Revenue curves
- National Income (GDP, GNP, NNP)
- Money & Banking (RBI functions, monetary policy)
- Inflation & Deflation
- Fiscal Policy (Budget, taxation, public expenditure)
- International Trade (BOP, exchange rates)
| Concept | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Valid Contract | Offer + Acceptance + Consideration + Capacity + Free Consent + Lawful Object |
| Void Agreement | Agreement without legal effect (Sec 2g) |
| Voidable Contract | Contract that can be cancelled by one party |
| Breach of Contract | Anticipatory breach, Actual breach, Remedies |
- Types of companies (Private, Public, OPC, LLP)
- Incorporation process
- Directors & their duties
- Meetings (AGM, EGM, Board)
- Winding up
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930
- Partnership Act, 1932
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
- Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- LLP Act, 2008
- Previous Year vs Assessment Year
- Residential Status
- Heads of Income (5 heads)
- Tax Deductions (80C, 80D, 80E, etc.)
- TDS and Advance Tax
1. Salary
2. House Property
3. Business / Profession
4. Capital Gains
5. Other Sources
FV = PV × (1 + r)^n
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
EMI = P × r × (1+r)^n / [(1+r)^n - 1]
- NPV (Net Present Value) — Accept if NPV > 0
- IRR (Internal Rate of Return) — Accept if IRR > Cost of Capital
- Payback Period — Shorter is better
- Profitability Index — Accept if PI > 1
- Net Income Approach
- Net Operating Income Approach
- Modigliani-Miller (with/without tax)
- Trade-off Theory
- Pecking Order Theory
1. Start with formulas — write them on the first page
2. Draw diagrams where possible (cost curves, BEP chart)
3. Solve practical problems step by step — show working
4. Time management: 1 mark = 1.5 minutes
5. Revise concepts from this repo night before exam!
- 🎓 B.Com students (all Indian universities)
- 📖 CA Foundation / Inter aspirants
- 🏦 CMA Foundation students
- 📊 Banking exam preparation
- 💼 MBA entrance (finance basics)
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Made with 📚 by Nakshatra Prakash
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