P3-H P1.2: IEC 61869-9 variant, dataset and scaling authority #144

Purpose

Continue #139 after P1.1 / #143 is accepted.

Build an explicit IEC 61869-9 variant + channel scaling authority without turning current vendor limits or ESP32-P4 constraints into protocol-standard rules.

This issue is coordination-only until #143 is merged. Do not branch P1.2 from a pre-P1.1 base.

Standards/evidence boundary

Current published baseline:

• IEC 61869-9:2016 is the published product-family standard for digital instrument-transformer interfaces.
• IEC 61850-9-2 Ed2.1 remains the SV transport/mapping layer.
• IEC 61869-9 AMD1 is still draft/CDV work in 2026. Its SynchSrcID and slew-synchronization additions must be representable but must not be claimed as current published conformance.

Observed interoperable implementations confirm that IEC 61869-9 is not one fixed 4I+4V packet:

• F4800S2 and F14400S6 are deployed profiles.
• configurable AmpSv/VolSv channels are used by current relays/MUs.
• vendor limits such as 24 or 32 channels are product capability, not generic standard limits.

Single-authority model

Introduce one standards-owned IEC 61869-9 profile description containing:

• explicit FfSsIiUu variant identity: sample rate, ASDUs per message, current quantity count and voltage quantity count;
• explicit sampling/packetization variant;
• exact rational sample/frame cadence (reuse P1 timing authority);
• channel semantic: Current / Voltage;
• INT32 engineering representation;
• exact rational engineering scale, never hidden floating-point constants;
• required measurement + corresponding Quality pairing;
• ordered dataset binding;
• synchronization/profile requirements and optional-field capability;
• published-standard vs draft/future feature status.

Do not infer semantic from vendor, filename, svID, DataSet name, or UI labels.

Scaling authority

For the normal IEC 61869-9 current/voltage sampled-value representation, model the standardized quantization explicitly:

• current: 1 mA/count;
• voltage: 10 mV/count.

Represent scales as rational integer metadata, e.g. numerator/denominator, so waveform generation and encode/decode remain deterministic and unit-safe.

Do not hard-code these numbers inside the waveform engine or GUI.

Variant authority

Model standard sampling/packetization combinations independently from device support.

At minimum cover the published IEC 61869-9 families used in current interoperability literature:

• 4000 samples/s, 1 ASDU/frame;
• 4800 samples/s, 1 ASDU/frame;
• preferred F4800S2;
• 5760 samples/s, 1 ASDU/frame;
• 12800 samples/s, 8 ASDUs/frame;
• preferred F14400S6;
• 15360 samples/s, 8 ASDUs/frame;
• 96000 samples/s, 1 ASDU/frame / wideband family.

The authority must distinguish:

1. recognized IEC 61869-9 variant,
2. preferred variant where applicable,
3. host-standard-valid,
4. current-target-deployable.

Do not assume that every recognized variant is deployable on ESP32-P4.

Dataset rules

IEC 61869-9 profile compilation must fail closed when:

• a channel is not a supported AmpSv/VolSv measurement semantic;
• every AmpSv.instMag.i is not followed immediately by its corresponding AmpSv.q;
• every VolSv.instMag.i is not followed immediately by its corresponding VolSv.q;
• any voltage pair appears before a current pair;
• current/voltage quantity counts do not match the selected FfSsIiUu variant;
• order or type cannot be resolved;
• scale/semantic cannot be determined without guessing.

Do not encode ABB/Siemens/Hitachi channel-count limits into the generic validator.

Device boundary

Current ESP32-P4 remains a separate capability gate.

P1.2 by itself does not authorize:

• multi-ASDU realtime publication;
• arbitrary channel count;
• F4800S2/F14400S6 on hardware;
• 96 kHz publication;
• IEC 61869-9 product conformance.

Those require explicit device compilation + runtime/evidence milestones.

AMD1 / future seam

Provide a non-authoritative capability seam for future SynchSrcID / slew-sync semantics if useful, but mark it draft/future. Do not make draft AMD1 behavior mandatory for the published IEC 61869-9 family.

Regression matrix

Require deterministic host tests for:

• Current scale 1 mA/count;
• Voltage scale 10 mV/count;
• valid AmpSv/value+q and VolSv/value+q pairs;
• wrong ordering / missing Quality / unsupported leaves fail closed;
• recognized standard variants;
• preferred F4800S2 and F14400S6 classification;
• FfSsIiUu quantity-count matching and current-before-voltage ordering;
• standard-valid but ESP-unsupported distinction;
• no vendor-specific branch or product-name inference;
• schema/CLI/Studio evidence exposes semantic + scale without duplicating authority.

Non-goals

No multi-stream scheduler, no PRP/HSR, no automatic relay-vendor compatibility hacks, no hardware conformance claim, no draft AMD1 conformance claim.

Dependency / merge discipline

• Dependency: P3-H P1.1: explicit SV profile-family and transport authority #143 must merge first.
• Branch from the exact post-P3-H P1.1: explicit SV profile-family and transport authority #143 main SHA.
• Record base/head/evidence in this issue.
• Keep P1.2 host semantic authority separate from the later ESP runtime expansion.