[higrub89]

Summary

Takes the philosophers repository to Tier-1 Systems Engineering standards:

• Directory Consolidation: Consolidated the active project into canonical philo/ with its own standard 42 Makefile, eliminating legacy duplicate directories (srcs/, inc/, philo_42/).
• Engineered Makefiles:
  • Root Makefile cleanly delegates to philo/.
  • Added tsan (ThreadSanitizer), debug (ASan/LSan/UBSan), and automated dependency generation (-MMD -MP).
  • Removed lolcat dependency and empty commands.
• Concurrency & Rigor CI Pipeline:
  • Multi-compiler matrix (gcc and clang).
  • Automated ThreadSanitizer audit (zero data races).
  • Automated Helgrind deadlock & lock order inversion audit (zero errors).
  • Automated Valgrind Memcheck audit (zero memory leaks, 0 bytes lost).
  • Automated meal limit and timing precision tests.
• Documentation & Metadata:
  • Added official MIT LICENSE.
  • Upgraded README.md with status badges, Mermaid FSM concurrency diagram, and synchronization invariants.
  • Added robust .gitignore preventing artifact leakage.