Refactor URL query parameter filtering for task ID consistency

[gaius-qi]

Description

Extract query parameter filtering into a shared url::filter_query_params utility that sorts remaining params by key and escapes values using Go-compatible url.QueryEscape semantics, ensuring task IDs generated by the client match those produced by the scheduler.

Related Issue

Motivation and Context

Screenshots (if appropriate)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 53.98%. Comparing base (ea54cfc) to head (f2b9aae).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2014      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.68%   53.98%   +0.30%     
==========================================
  Files         100      101       +1     
  Lines       26976    27131     +155     
==========================================
+ Hits        14482    14648     +166     
+ Misses      12494    12483      -11     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
dragonfly-client-storage/src/content_linux.rs	81.55% <ø> (+0.31%)	⬆️
dragonfly-client-util/src/id_generator/mod.rs	99.52% <100.00%> (+0.92%)	⬆️
dragonfly-client-util/src/url/mod.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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