[#12072] fix(jdbc-oceanbase): complete V3 type compatibility

[nevzheng]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Define and document OceanBase compatibility for the five Gravitino V3-native type families.

Nanosecond timestamps, Variant, Unknown/Null, Geometry, and Geography are rejected before DDL because the connector cannot currently reconstruct their complete identity and parameters.

Why are the changes needed?

Potential native database representations are not lossless through the connector's current metadata path. Early rejection avoids silent coercion and partial table creation.

Fix: #12072

Related: #12056

Shared JDBC preflight: #12065

Shared JDBC preflight PR: #12081

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. Unsupported V3-native schemas now fail deterministically before DDL.

How was this patch tested?

• Added converter and SQL-generation coverage.
• Covered Docker rejected-create and no-table behavior.
• Covered module and formatting checks.
• Updated docs/jdbc-oceanbase-catalog.md.

[github-actions]

Code Coverage Report

Overall Project	67.89% +0.02%	🟢
Files changed	89.53%	🟢

Module	Coverage
aliyun	1.72%	🔴
api	47.82%	🟢
authorization-common	85.96%	🟢
aws	42.04%	🟢
azure	2.47%	🔴
catalog-common	9.92%	🔴
catalog-fileset	80.23%	🟢
catalog-glue	66.91%	🟢
catalog-hive	79.42%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-clickhouse	81.74%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-common	44.22%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-doris	81.6%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-hologres	54.03%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-mysql	79.23%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-oceanbase	81.36% +1.64%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-postgresql	82.29%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-starrocks	78.51%	🟢
catalog-kafka	77.01%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-generic	59.18%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-hudi	79.1%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-iceberg	86.48%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-paimon	84.25%	🟢
catalog-model	77.72%	🟢
cli	44.5%	🟢
client-java	78.29%	🟢
common	51.95%	🟢
core	82.53%	🟢
filesystem-hadoop3	77.3%	🟢
flink	0.0%	🔴
flink-common	47.09%	🟢
flink-runtime	0.0%	🔴
gcp	14.12%	🔴
hadoop-auth	68.0%	🟢
hadoop-common	12.7%	🔴
hive-metastore-common	53.29%	🟢
iceberg-common	63.63%	🟢
iceberg-rest-server	74.9%	🟢
idp-basic	86.02%	🟢
integration-test-common	0.0%	🔴
jobs	66.17%	🟢
lance-common	20.67%	🔴
lance-rest-server	64.84%	🟢
lineage	53.02%	🟢
optimizer	83.24%	🟢
optimizer-api	21.95%	🔴
server	85.97%	🟢
server-common	75.78%	🟢
spark	28.57%	🔴
spark-common	46.01%	🟢
tencent	69.84%	🟢
trino-connector	40.29%	🟢

Files

Module	File	Coverage
catalog-jdbc-oceanbase	OceanBaseTypeConverter.java	89.53%	🟢