[#12070] fix(jdbc-clickhouse): complete V3 type compatibility

[nevzheng]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Define and document ClickHouse compatibility for the five Gravitino V3-native type families.

Type family	Outcome
Nanosecond timestamps	Round-trip exact precision-9 timestamps, including the UTC timezone-aware representation.
Variant	Reject because the available JSON-like types do not implement the complete Variant contract.
Unknown/Null	Reject.
Geometry	Reject because CRS metadata cannot be recovered faithfully.
Geography	Reject because CRS and edge-algorithm metadata cannot be recovered faithfully.

Why are the changes needed?

ClickHouse can represent nanosecond timestamps exactly, but the remaining families would lose type identity or parameters. The connector must distinguish the exact mapping from the lossy ones.

Fix: #12070

Related: #12056

Shared JDBC preflight: #12065

Shared JDBC preflight PR: #12081

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. Precision-9 timestamps gain an exact mapping; unsupported Variant, Unknown, and spatial schemas fail before DDL.

How was this patch tested?

• Added exact timestamp round-trip coverage.
• Added converter and custom-operation rejection coverage.
• Covered Docker rejected-create and no-table behavior.
• Updated docs/jdbc-clickhouse-catalog.md.

[github-actions]

Code Coverage Report

Overall Project	67.9% +0.04%	🟢
Files changed	98.35%	🟢

Module	Coverage
aliyun	1.72%	🔴
api	47.82%	🟢
authorization-common	85.96%	🟢
aws	42.04%	🟢
azure	2.47%	🔴
catalog-common	9.92%	🔴
catalog-fileset	80.23%	🟢
catalog-glue	66.91%	🟢
catalog-hive	79.42%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-clickhouse	82.08% +1.62%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-common	44.22%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-doris	81.6%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-hologres	54.03%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-mysql	79.23%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-oceanbase	80.91%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-postgresql	82.29%	🟢
catalog-jdbc-starrocks	78.51%	🟢
catalog-kafka	77.01%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-generic	59.18%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-hudi	79.1%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-iceberg	86.56%	🟢
catalog-lakehouse-paimon	84.25%	🟢
catalog-model	77.72%	🟢
cli	44.5%	🟢
client-java	78.29%	🟢
common	51.95%	🟢
core	82.53%	🟢
filesystem-hadoop3	77.3%	🟢
flink	0.0%	🔴
flink-common	47.09%	🟢
flink-runtime	0.0%	🔴
gcp	14.12%	🔴
hadoop-auth	68.0%	🟢
hadoop-common	12.7%	🔴
hive-metastore-common	53.29%	🟢
iceberg-common	63.63%	🟢
iceberg-rest-server	74.97%	🟢
idp-basic	86.02%	🟢
integration-test-common	0.0%	🔴
jobs	66.17%	🟢
lance-common	20.67%	🔴
lance-rest-server	64.84%	🟢
lineage	53.02%	🟢
optimizer	83.17%	🟢
optimizer-api	21.95%	🔴
server	85.97%	🟢
server-common	75.78%	🟢
spark	28.57%	🔴
spark-common	46.01%	🟢
tencent	69.84%	🟢
trino-connector	40.29%	🟢

Files

Module	File	Coverage
catalog-jdbc-clickhouse	ClickHouseTypeConverter.java	99.02%	🟢
	TypeUtils.java	94.74%	🟢