Backend Node.js dengan Prisma, Express, dan SQLite

Dokumentasi lengkap pembuatan backend API RESTful dengan Node.js, Express, Prisma ORM, dan SQLite.

📋 Daftar Isi

Prasyarat
Langkah-langkah Setup
Struktur Folder
API Endpoints
Testing

🔧 Prasyarat

Node.js (v16 atau lebih tinggi)
npm atau yarn
Postman atau REST Client untuk testing API
Text Editor (VS Code, Sublime, dll)

📝 Langkah-langkah Setup

STEP 1 — Inisialisasi Project

cd C:\xampp\htdocs\backend-nodeJS
npm init -y

STEP 2 — Install Dependencies

npm install express cors dotenv helmet express-rate-limit zod pino pino-pretty
npm install -D prisma nodemon

Penjelasan dependencies:

express - Framework web
cors - Menangani Cross-Origin Requests
dotenv - Manajemen environment variables
helmet - Security middleware
express-rate-limit - Rate limiting untuk API
zod - Validasi schema
pino - Logger untuk production
prisma - ORM database
nodemon - Auto-reload saat development

STEP 3 — Setup Environment Variables

Buat file .env di root project:

DATABASE_URL="file:./dev.db"
PORT=3000
NODE_ENV=development
CORS_ORIGIN=http://localhost:3000
RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS=900000
RATE_LIMIT_MAX_REQUESTS=100
LOG_LEVEL=info

STEP 4 — Inisialisasi Prisma

npx prisma init

STEP 5 — Setup Prisma Schema

Edit prisma/schema.prisma:

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client-js"
}

datasource db {
  provider = "sqlite"
  url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
}

model User {
  id        Int      @id @default(autoincrement())
  email     String   @unique
  name      String
  phone     String?
  address   String?
  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
  updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
}

model Product {
  id          Int      @id @default(autoincrement())
  name        String
  description String?
  price       Float
  stock       Int      @default(0)
  category    String?
  createdAt   DateTime @default(now())
  updatedAt   DateTime @updatedAt
}

STEP 6 — Jalankan Prisma Migration

npx prisma migrate dev --name init

Perintah ini akan:

Membuat file database dev.db
Membuat folder prisma/migrations
Generate Prisma Client

STEP 7 — Setup Prisma Client

Buat file src/config/database.js:

const { PrismaClient } = require('@prisma/client');

const prisma = new PrismaClient();

module.exports = prisma;

STEP 8 — Buat Schema Validasi (Zod)

File: src/schemas/userSchema.js

const { z } = require('zod');

exports.userSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  name: z.string().min(3),
  phone: z.string().optional(),
  address: z.string().optional()
});

File: src/schemas/productSchema.js

const { z } = require('zod');

exports.productSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string(),
  price: z.number(),
  stock: z.number(),
  description: z.string().optional(),
  category: z.string().optional()
});

STEP 9 — Buat Controller

File: src/controllers/userController.js

const prisma = require('../config/database');

exports.getAllUsers = async (req, res) => {
  const users = await prisma.user.findMany();
  res.json(users);
};

exports.getUserById = async (req, res) => {
  const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({
    where: { id: Number(req.params.id) }
  });
  if (!user) return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User tidak ditemukan' });
  res.json(user);
};

exports.createUser = async (req, res) => {
  const user = await prisma.user.create({ data: req.body });
  res.status(201).json(user);
};

exports.updateUser = async (req, res) => {
  const user = await prisma.user.update({
    where: { id: Number(req.params.id) },
    data: req.body
  });
  res.json(user);
};

exports.deleteUser = async (req, res) => {
  await prisma.user.delete({
    where: { id: Number(req.params.id) }
  });
  res.json({ message: 'User dihapus' });
};

File: src/controllers/productController.js

const prisma = require('../config/database');

exports.getAllProducts = async (req, res) => {
  const data = await prisma.product.findMany();
  res.json(data);
};

exports.getProductById = async (req, res) => {
  const data = await prisma.product.findUnique({
    where: { id: Number(req.params.id) }
  });
  if (!data) return res.status(404).json({ message: 'Product tidak ditemukan' });
  res.json(data);
};

exports.createProduct = async (req, res) => {
  const data = await prisma.product.create({ data: req.body });
  res.status(201).json(data);
};

exports.updateProduct = async (req, res) => {
  const data = await prisma.product.update({
    where: { id: Number(req.params.id) },
    data: req.body
  });
  res.json(data);
};

exports.deleteProduct = async (req, res) => {
  await prisma.product.delete({
    where: { id: Number(req.params.id) }
  });
  res.json({ message: 'Product dihapus' });
};

STEP 10 — Buat Routes

File: src/routes/userRoutes.js

const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
const controller = require('../controllers/userController');

router.get('/', controller.getAllUsers);
router.get('/:id', controller.getUserById);
router.post('/', controller.createUser);
router.put('/:id', controller.updateUser);
router.delete('/:id', controller.deleteUser);

module.exports = router;

File: src/routes/productRoutes.js

const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
const controller = require('../controllers/productController');

router.get('/', controller.getAllProducts);
router.get('/:id', controller.getProductById);
router.post('/', controller.createProduct);
router.put('/:id', controller.updateProduct);
router.delete('/:id', controller.deleteProduct);

module.exports = router;

STEP 11 — Setup Server Express

File: server.js

require('dotenv').config();
const express = require('express');
const helmet = require('helmet');
const cors = require('cors');
const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');

const app = express();

// Security
app.use(helmet());

// JSON reader
app.use(express.json());

// CORS
app.use(cors({
  origin: process.env.CORS_ORIGIN.split(',')
}));

// Rate limiter
app.use(rateLimit({
  windowMs: parseInt(process.env.RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS),
  max: parseInt(process.env.RATE_LIMIT_MAX_REQUESTS)
}));

// Routes
app.use('/api/users', require('./src/routes/userRoutes'));
app.use('/api/products', require('./src/routes/productRoutes'));

// Health Check
app.get('/api/health', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'OK', message: 'Server berjalan' });
});

// Global Error Handler
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  res.status(500).json({
    message: 'Internal Server Error',
    error: err.message
  });
});

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server running di http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});

STEP 12 — Update package.json Scripts

Edit package.json dan tambahkan scripts:

"scripts": {
  "start": "node server.js",
  "dev": "nodemon server.js",
  "prisma:migrate": "npx prisma migrate dev",
  "prisma:studio": "npx prisma studio"
}

STEP 13 — Jalankan Server

npm run dev

Output yang diharapkan:

Server running di http://localhost:3000

📁 Struktur Folder

backend-nodeJS/
├── prisma/
│   ├── schema.prisma
│   └── migrations/
├── src/
│   ├── config/
│   │   └── database.js
│   ├── controllers/
│   │   ├── userController.js
│   │   └── productController.js
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── userRoutes.js
│   │   └── productRoutes.js
│   └── schemas/
│       ├── userSchema.js
│       └── productSchema.js
├── .env
├── .gitignore
├── package.json
├── prisma.config.ts
├── server.js
└── dev.db (database file)

🔌 API Endpoints

Health Check

GET /api/health - Check server status

Users

GET /api/users - Get all users
GET /api/users/:id - Get user by ID
POST /api/users - Create new user
PUT /api/users/:id - Update user
DELETE /api/users/:id - Delete user

Products

GET /api/products - Get all products
GET /api/products/:id - Get product by ID
POST /api/products - Create new product
PUT /api/products/:id - Update product
DELETE /api/products/:id - Delete product

🧪 Testing

1. Health Check (Browser)

Buka: http://localhost:3000/api/health

Response:

{
  "status": "OK",
  "message": "Server berjalan"
}

2. Testing dengan Postman

Create User

Method: POST
URL: http://localhost:3000/api/users
Body (JSON):

{
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "name": "John Doe",
  "phone": "08123456789",
  "address": "Jl. Merdeka No. 1"
}

Get All Users

Method: GET
URL: http://localhost:3000/api/users

Get User by ID

Method: GET
URL: http://localhost:3000/api/users/1

Update User

Method: PUT
URL: http://localhost:3000/api/users/1
Body (JSON):

{
  "name": "Jane Doe",
  "phone": "08987654321"
}

Delete User

Method: DELETE
URL: http://localhost:3000/api/users/1

3. View Database dengan Prisma Studio

npm run prisma:studio

Akan membuka UI di browser untuk melihat dan mengedit data database secara visual.

📚 Commands Penting

# Development
npm run dev                 # Run server dengan nodemon

# Production
npm start                   # Run server

# Database
npm run prisma:migrate      # Run migration
npm run prisma:studio       # Open Prisma Studio

# Prisma
npx prisma generate         # Generate Prisma Client
npx prisma db push          # Push schema ke database

🔐 Security Best Practices

Environment Variables - Semua sensitive data di .env
Helmet.js - Protect HTTP headers
CORS - Kontrol akses cross-origin
Rate Limiting - Prevent DDoS attacks
Input Validation - Gunakan Zod untuk validasi

🐛 Troubleshooting

Error: Cannot find module '@prisma/client'

npm install @prisma/client
npx prisma generate

Database lock error

# Delete dan regenerate database
rm prisma/dev.db
npx prisma migrate dev --name init

Port already in use

Ubah PORT di .env atau gunakan:

PORT=3001 npm run dev

📄 License

MIT

👨‍💻 Author

Backend Node.js Setup Guide - 2025

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
prisma		prisma
src		src
.gitignore		.gitignore
README.md		README.md
dev.db		dev.db
package-lock.json		package-lock.json
package.json		package.json
prisma.config.ts		prisma.config.ts
server.js		server.js

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