Docker Get Started

Part 1: Orientation and setup

## List Docker CLI commands
$ docker
$ docker container --help

## Display Docker version and info
$ docker --version
$ docker version
$ docker info

## Execute Docker image
$ docker run hello-world

## List Docker images
$ docker image ls
$ docker images

## List Docker containers (running, all, all in quiet mode)
$ docker container ls
$ docker container ls --all
$ docker container ls -aq
$ docker ps
$ docker ps -a
$ docker ps -aq

Part 2: Containers

• Prequest:
  • Install docker ce
• Stack
  • 应用程序栈
  • 应用交互
• swarm/cluster
  • Multi-container, multi-machine applications are made possible by joining multiple machines into a "Dockerized" cluster called a swarm
  • docker-compose.yml
• Services
  • 微服务
  • 负载均衡
• Container
  • 应用模块

sudo service docker restart
$ docker build -t friendlyhello .  # Create image using this directory's Dockerfile
$ docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  # Run "friendlyname" mapping port 4000 to 80
$ docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello         # Same thing, but in detached mode
$ docker container ls                                 # List all running containers
$ docker container ls -a              # List all containers, even those not running
$ docker ps
$ docker container stop <hash>            # Gracefully stop the specified container
$ docker stop 9c
$ docker stop $(docker ps -aq)                                # Stop all containers
$ docker container kill <hash>          # Force shutdown of the specified container
$ docker container rm <hash>         # Remove specified container from this machine
$ docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)          # Remove all containers
$ docker rm $(docker ps -aq)                 # Same as above, Remove all containers
$ docker image ls -a                              # List all images on this machine
$ docker image rm <image id>             # Remove specified image from this machine
$ docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)    # Remove all images from this machine
$ docker rmi 9c
$ docker login              # Log in this CLI session using your Docker credentials
$ docker tag <image> username/repository:tag   # Tag <image> for upload to registry
$ docker push username/repository:tag             # Upload tagged image to registry
$ docker run username/repository:tag                    # Run image from a registry

Part 3: Services

• Prerequest:
  • Install docker-compose

$ docker swarm init --advertise-addr <machine ip>
$ docker stack ls                                             # List stacks or apps
$ docker stack deploy -c <composefile> <appname>   # Run the specified Compose file
$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab  # or update Compose file
$ docker stack services getstartedlab
$ docker stack ps getstartedlab
$ docker service ls                  # List running services associated with an app
$ docker service ps <service>                   # List tasks associated with an app
$ docker service ps getstartedlab_web
$ docker inspect <task or container>                    # Inspect task or container
$ docker container ls -q                                       # List container IDs
$ docker stack rm <appname>                              # Tear down an application
$ docker swarm leave --force       # Take down a single node swarm from the manager

Part 4: Swarms

• Prerequest:
  • Install Oracle VirtualBox
  • Install docker-machine

$ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1  # Create a VM (Mac, Win7, Linux)
$ docker-machine create -d hyperv --hyperv-virtual-switch "myswitch" myvm1  # Win10
$ docker-machine env myvm1                 # View basic information about your node
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node ls"          # List the nodes in your swarm
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node inspect <node ID>"         # Inspect a node
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm join-token -q worker"    # View join token
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm join-token manager"
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1    # Open an SSH session with the VM; type "exit" to end
$ docker node ls                 # View nodes in swarm (while logged on to manager)
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr <myvm1 ip>"      # 1
$ docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm join --token <token> <myvm1 ip>:2377"  # 2
$ docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm leave"   # Make the worker leave the swarm
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm leave -f"  # Make master leave, kill swarm
$ docker-machine ls    # list VMs, asterisk shows which VM this shell is talking to
$ docker-machine start myvm1             # Start a VM that is currently not running
$ docker-machine env myvm1       # show environment variables and command for myvm1
$ eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)    # Mac/Linux command to connect shell to myvm1
$ & "C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin\docker-machine.exe" env myvm1 | Invoke-Expression           # Windows command to connect shell to myvm1
$ docker stack deploy -c <file> <app>                      # Deploy an app; command shell must be set to talk to manager (myvm1), uses local Compose file
$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab
$ docker-machine scp docker-compose.yml myvm1:~    # Copy file to node's home dir (only required if you use ssh to connect to manager and deploy the app)
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker stack deploy -c <file> <app>"         # Deploy an app using ssh (you must have first copied the Compose file to myvm1)
$ eval $(docker-machine env -u)      # Disconnect shell from VMs, use native docker
$ docker-machine stop $(docker-machine ls -q)                # Stop all running VMs
$ docker-machine rm $(docker-machine ls -q)  # Delete all VMs and their disk images

Part 5: Stacks

1. $ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1 && docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm2

• $ docker-machine ls

2. $ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr <myvm1 ip>"

• $ docker swarm join-token manager

3. $ docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm join --token <myvm1 token> <myvm1 ip>:2377"

• $ docker node ls

4. edit docker-compose.yml
5. $ eval $(docker-machine env myvm1) # Configure a docker-machine shell to the swarm manager myvm1
6. $ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab # At docker-compose.yml path, init deploy

• $ docker service ls
• $ docker stack ps getstartedlab
• $ docker container ls -q
• $ curl <myvm1 ip>:8080

7. edit docker-compose.yml again and $ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab # At docker-compose.yml path, update deploy

• $ curl <myvm1 ip>

• 可以不使用 swarm mode: 直接运行 $ docker-compose up 执行单机模式, 详见 $ docker-compose up --help

Part 6: Deploy your app

• 重要概念:
  • A swarm is a group of machines that are running Docker and joined into a cluster. After that has happened, you continue to run the Docker commands you're used to, but now they are executed on a cluster by a swarm manager. The machines in a swarm can be physical or virtual. After joining a swarm, they are referred to as nodes;
  • Swarm managers are the only machines in a swarm that can execute your commands, or authorize other machines to join the swarm as workers. Workers are just there to provide capacity and do not have the authority to tell any other machine what it can and cannot do;
  • Enabling swarm mode ($ docker swarm init) instantly makes the current machine a swarm manager. From then on, Docker runs the commands you execute on the swarm you're managing, rather than just on the current machine.
• 后续知识:
  • 如何查看日志: $ docker logs --help
  • docker-compose.yml 详细配置属性
  • docker-compose, docker-machine 命令
  • 多阶段编译