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Fix: JetStream ackWait timer starts before handler due to pre-buffering (#609)#37

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Abzaek:fix/jetstream-ackwait-pre-buffering
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Fix: JetStream ackWait timer starts before handler due to pre-buffering (#609)#37
Abzaek wants to merge 1 commit into
ThreeDotsLabs:masterfrom
Abzaek:fix/jetstream-ackwait-pre-buffering

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@Abzaek

@Abzaek Abzaek commented May 16, 2026

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Summary

Fixes a timing bug in consumer.Consume() where NATS JetStream internal pre-buffering causes the ackWait clock to start ticking before the handler callback fires.

Root Cause

consumer.Consume() pre-fetches messages into an internal buffer. NATS JetStream starts the ackWait clock when messages are delivered to the consumer, but watermill only starts its ackWait timer when handleMsg is called. With slow handlers or large backlogs, the real elapsed time far exceeds AckWaitTimeout, causing NATS to redeliver messages that are still being processed — resulting in duplicate processing.

Fix

Added jetstream.PullMaxMessages(1) to consume options. This limits NATS to deliver one message at a time, keeping the ackWait clock aligned with actual handler execution time.

Before/After

Before: consumer.Consume(cb) — pre-fetches N messages, ackWait for each starts when pulled by NATS
After: consumer.Consume(cb, PullMaxMessages(1)) — delivers one at a time, ackWait aligns with handler

Fixes #609

consumer.Consume() internally pre-fetches messages, causing NATS' ackWait
clock to start ticking before the handler callback fires. With slow handlers
or large backlogs, NATS redelivers messages that are still being processed,
causing duplicate processing.

Fix by adding PullMaxMessages(1) to consume options, which tells NATS to
deliver one message at a time, keeping the ackWait clock aligned with
actual handler execution time.

Fixes #609
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