Fix VarAutoEncoder reparameterize returning mu+std at inference (#8413)

monai/networks/nets/fullyconnectednet.py

@@ -172,12 +172,25 @@ def decode_forward(self, z: torch.Tensor, use_sigmoid: bool = True) -> torch.Ten
         return x
 
     def reparameterize(self, mu: torch.Tensor, logvar: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
-        std = torch.exp(0.5 * logvar)
+        """Sample a latent code using the reparameterization trick.
+
+        At inference (eval mode) the posterior mean is returned directly. During
+        training, returns ``mu + eps * std`` with ``eps ~ N(0, I)``.
 
-        if self.training:  # multiply random noise with std only during training
-            std = torch.randn_like(std).mul(std)
+        Args:
+            mu: Posterior mean, shape ``(batch, latent_size)``.
+            logvar: Log-variance of the posterior, same shape as ``mu``.
 
-        return std.add_(mu)
+        Returns:
+            Sampled latent code, same shape as ``mu``.
+        """
+        if not self.training:
+            # At inference the latent code is the posterior mean; the random
+            # term is only added during training (the reparameterization trick).
+            return mu
+        std = torch.exp(0.5 * logvar)
+        eps = torch.randn_like(std)
+        return mu + eps * std
 
     def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
         mu, logvar = self.encode_forward(x)

monai/networks/nets/varautoencoder.py

@@ -142,12 +142,25 @@ def decode_forward(self, z: torch.Tensor, use_sigmoid: bool = True) -> torch.Ten
         return x
 
     def reparameterize(self, mu: torch.Tensor, logvar: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """Sample a latent code using the reparameterization trick.
+
+        At inference (eval mode) the posterior mean is returned directly. During
+        training, returns ``mu + eps * std`` with ``eps ~ N(0, I)``.
+
+        Args:
+            mu: Posterior mean, shape ``(batch, latent_size)``.
+            logvar: Log-variance of the posterior, same shape as ``mu``.
+
+        Returns:
+            Sampled latent code, same shape as ``mu``.
+        """
+        if not self.training:
+            # At inference the latent code is the posterior mean; the random
+            # term is only added during training (the reparameterization trick).
+            return mu
         std = torch.exp(0.5 * logvar)
-
-        if self.training:  # multiply random noise with std only during training
-            std = torch.randn_like(std).mul(std)
-
-        return std.add_(mu)
+        eps = torch.randn_like(std)
+        return mu + eps * std
 
     def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
         mu, logvar = self.encode_forward(x)

tests/networks/nets/test_fullyconnectednet.py

@@ -64,6 +64,30 @@ def test_vfc_shape(self, input_param, input_shape, expected_shape):
             result = net.forward(torch.randn(input_shape).to(device))[0]
             self.assertEqual(result.shape, expected_shape)
 
+    def test_vfc_reparameterize_eval_returns_mu(self):
+        """A VFC latent code is deterministic at eval (equals mu) and stochastic at train.
+
+        Regression test for the #8413 reparameterize bug, which returned ``mu + std``
+        at inference instead of ``mu``.
+        """
+        net = VarFullyConnectedNet(
+            in_channels=10, out_channels=10, latent_size=30, encode_channels=(15, 20, 25), decode_channels=(15, 20, 25)
+        ).to(device)
+        data = torch.randn(3, 10).to(device)
+
+        with eval_mode(net):
+            _, mu1, _, z1 = net(data)
+            _, _, _, z2 = net(data)
+        self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(z1, mu1))
+        self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(z1, z2))
+
+        net.train()
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            _, mu_t, _, zt1 = net(data)
+            _, _, _, zt2 = net(data)
+        self.assertFalse(torch.allclose(zt1, mu_t))
+        self.assertFalse(torch.allclose(zt1, zt2))
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

tests/networks/nets/test_varautoencoder.py

@@ -122,6 +122,29 @@ def test_script(self):
         test_data = torch.randn(2, 1, 32, 32)
         test_script_save(net, test_data, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-3)
 
+    def test_reparameterize_eval_returns_mu(self):
+        """A VarAutoEncoder latent code is deterministic at eval (equals mu) and stochastic at train.
+
+        Regression test for #8413, where eval returned ``mu + std`` instead of ``mu``.
+        """
+        net = VarAutoEncoder(
+            spatial_dims=2, in_shape=(1, 32, 32), out_channels=1, latent_size=4, channels=(4, 8), strides=(2, 2)
+        ).to(device)
+        data = torch.randn(2, 1, 32, 32).to(device)
+
+        with eval_mode(net):
+            _, mu1, _, z1 = net(data)
+            _, _, _, z2 = net(data)
+        self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(z1, mu1))
+        self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(z1, z2))
+
+        net.train()
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            _, mu_t, _, zt1 = net(data)
+            _, _, _, zt2 = net(data)
+        self.assertFalse(torch.allclose(zt1, mu_t))
+        self.assertFalse(torch.allclose(zt1, zt2))
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()