Enable dynamic type checking

[galjos]

Summary

• enable package-wide beartype runtime checks
• correct annotations exposed by runtime checking
• add a regression test for public API type validation

Validation

• python -m pylint ThermoScreening
• python -m pytest -q

Closes #19

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.94%. Comparing base (fcf7629) to head (77c4bb8).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #26      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   87.19%   89.94%   +2.75%     
==========================================
  Files          20       20              
  Lines        1062     1074      +12     
==========================================
+ Hits          926      966      +40     
+ Misses        136      108      -28     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	89.94% <100.00%> (+2.75%)	⬆️

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