五千年日月食 · Five Millennia of Eclipses

简体中文 · 繁體中文 · English · Français · Español · Italiano · 日本語

网站链接 · Site：https://higashimado.github.io/FiveMillenniaEclipses/

五千年日月食是取各代天象之记载，归其所记之日、所记之地编成的历史天文图志。其以日食、月食为核心，兼收掩犯、合聚、客星、彗孛，共六类天象，现收万余条。凡可考之记录，皆系于以今法反推之实际事件，并列于横跨五千年之历轴上。无论古今中外，何人见之，何地见之，以何历纪其日，以何名目当之，一目了然。

Five Millennia of Eclipses is a historical atlas of astronomical records. It gathers the accounts written down in every age and returns each one to the day and the place that account names. Solar and lunar eclipses form its core; occultations, conjunctions, guest stars and comets complete six classes of phenomena, and the corpus now holds more than twelve thousand entries. Every datable record is tied to the actual event recovered by modern computation, and all of them are ranged along a single timeline spanning five millennia. Who saw an event, where it was seen, which calendar dated it and what name it was given are legible at a glance, across cultures and across centuries.

史籍

本站现收各类天象史籍共 12 026 条。每条分存原文、译文与注解，原始文件见于 data/ 目录：

文件	内容
data/records/schema.json	字段定义
data/records/manifest.json	文件清单
data/records/sources.json	来源目录
data/records/<现象>/<文明>.jsonl	记录本体

东亚

东亚记录 11 804 共条，占全库 98.2%，年代自公元前 2137 年迄于 1911 年。有中国一支，涉二十四史中十六部及《清史稿》，取其天文、五行、律历诸志与本纪。别有经部之《尚书》《诗经》《春秋》《左传》、殷墟甲骨，日本、韩国、越南史料，及笔记诗文若干。文本多据 维基文库 之校点本。

主干来源二十三种，合 11 666 条，占东亚一支之 98.8%，按所记年代先后为序：

来源	年代	日	月	掩	合	客	彗	条数
《汉书·五行志》	前 205 – 2	45						45
《三国史记》	前 54 – 911	44				3	7	54
《后汉书·五行志六》	26 – 219	65						65
《后汉书·天文志》	55 – 213	1				11	17	29
《宋书·五行志》	221 – 479	73						73
《晋书·天文志》	222 – 418		1			6	47	54
《魏书·天象志》	400 – 549	32	36			3	23	94
《隋书·天文志》	502 – 617	11	3	175	12	4	14	219
《新唐书·天文志》	618 – 906	90		389	1	6	48	534
《旧唐书·天文志》	626 – 839	1	1				18	20
六国史	680 – 887	97	4					101
《扶桑略记》《百炼抄》《吾妻镜》	898 – 1265	20						20
《旧五代史·天文志》	911 – 958	9	11				6	26
《宋史·天文志》	960 – 1275	121	149	4 819		17	21	5 127
《大越史记全书》	993 – 1774	46	32					78
《高丽史·天文志》	1012 – 1393	119	97	1 911	4	3	15	2 149
《金史·天文志》	1120 – 1232	8	25	209	4	2	5	253
《元史·天文志》	1264 – 1367	35		571	8	1	18	633
《明史·天文志》	1368 – 1642			972	45		38	1 055
《明史·本纪》	1371 – 1643	75						75
《朝鲜王朝实录》	1400 – 1863	84	32			84	297	497
《清史稿·天文志》	1618 – 1796	50		357			25	432
《清史稿·本纪》	1646 – 1911	33						33

其余二十七种、138 条，含《尚书·胤征》之仲康日食、殷墟甲骨、《诗经·小雅·十月之交》、卢仝《月蚀诗》与韩愈《月蚀诗效玉川子作》、《辽史》、藤原定家《明月记》、《西夏书事》、《长春真人西游记》、《续资治通鉴》、舒岳祥《日食》诗等。

其他

东亚以外 222 条，涉 21 个文明，其非设官连续记注，而以单点见证为主。中世纪以前所据者为编年、史著、抄本与泥板。十七世纪以后，则不复有「书」，代之以天文台报告、学会通讯与私人书信。下表兼列典籍与观测者。

文明	年代	典籍与报告	日	月	条数
阿拉伯	829 – 1226	Ḥabash al-Ḥāsib、al-Māhānī、al-Battānī、Ibn Amājūr、Ibn Yūnus、al-Bīrūnī、Ibn al-Athīr《历史大全》、Ibn ʿIdhārī	19	27	46
不列颠	664 – 1919	比德《英吉利教会史》、《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》、伍斯特的约翰《编年纪事》、马姆斯伯里的威廉《新近史》、亨廷登的亨利《英吉利史》、坎特伯雷的杰维斯《编年史》、马修·帕里斯《大编年史》、沃尔辛厄姆《英吉利史》、鲍尔《苏格兰纪年》、John Lamont、John Nicoll、Alice Thornton、John Evelyn、Halley、Baily、De la Rue、Lockyer、Copeland、Dyson、Eddington	31	8	39
神圣罗马	806 – 1852	《法兰克王家年代记》、《贝尔廷编年史》、《希尔德斯海姆年代记》、《马尔巴赫年代记》、Annalista Saxo、普吕姆的雷吉诺《编年史》、让布卢的西格贝特《编年史》、齐陶的彼得《兹布拉斯拉夫编年史》、布热佐瓦的瓦夫日涅茨《胡斯派编年史》、Gemma Frisius、David Fabricius、开普勒《对维特洛的补遗》、《论新星》、Heinsius、Rümker、Busch、Galle、d'Arrest、Wolf、Klinkerfues	12	16	28
美利坚	1806 – 1918	Ferrer、玛丽亚·米切尔、Harkness、Gilman、Rogers、Young、Lockett、Willson、Seagrave、Campbell、Hammond、Adams、Stebbins、Morehouse、Pettit	19	0	19
巴比伦	前 1223 – 前 183	《巴比伦天文日志》、托勒密《至大论》、泥板 BM 33066、乌加里特泥板 KTU 1.78	1	11	12
意大利	1178 – 1852	萨莱诺的罗慕铎《编年史》、阿雷佐的里斯托罗《世界的构成》、萨林贝内《纪年》、《皮亚琴察吉伯林党年代记》、《弗利编年史》、巴尔巴罗《君士坦丁堡围城日记》、坎特伯雷的杰维斯《编年史》、克拉维乌斯、开普勒《论新星》、塞奇	8	4	12
叙利亚	512 – 1191	米海尔一世《编年史》	9	2	11
法兰西	1033 – 1905	拉乌尔·格拉贝尔《历史五书》、托里尼的罗贝尔《编年史》、《蒙彼利埃小塔拉姆》、圣德尼修士《查理六世纪年》、Maraldi、Cassini、Janssen、Lescarbault、Štefánik	8	2	10
伊比利亚	939 – 1560	《卡斯蒂利亚古年代记》、《托莱多第一年代记》、《塞拉托编年史》、《科英布拉编年史》、贝尔纳尔德斯《天主教双王纪》、斐迪南·哥伦布 Historie、克拉维乌斯	7	1	8
亚美尼亚	1099 – 1736	埃德萨的马修、格里高利神父、阿尼的萨穆埃尔《年表》、大不里士的阿拉克尔、克里特的亚伯拉罕	4	3	7
希腊	前 648 – 71	阿尔基洛科斯《残篇》、希罗多德《历史》、修昔底德《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》、狄奥多罗斯《历史丛书》、帕普斯《至大论注》、普鲁塔克《论月面》	6	1	7
北欧	1030 – 1581	斯诺里《奥拉夫圣王传》、斯图拉《哈康松传》、第谷 Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata、伽桑狄	3	2	5
斯拉夫	1185 – 1406	《伊帕提耶夫编年史》、《劳伦特编年史》、《诺夫哥罗德第一编年史》、《扬科编年史》	4	0	4
拜占庭	968 – 1453	利奥执事《历史》、安娜·科穆宁娜、伪斯弗朗齐斯《大编年史》	2	1	3
俄罗斯	1748 – 1791	Braun、Popov、Rumovsky、Inochodzov	3	0	3
罗马	前 190 – 前 168	李维《建城以来》、普鲁塔克《埃米利乌斯·保卢斯传》	1	1	2
玛雅	755 · 859	《德累斯顿抄本》	2	0	2
赫梯	前 1312	《穆尔西里二世年代记》	1	0	1
亚述	前 763	《名年官表》	1	0	1
阿兹特克	1496	《特列里亚诺-雷门西斯古抄本》	1	0	1
拉丁美洲	1923	Joaquín Gallo	1	0	1

全表

本站日月食全表的计算引擎同 星下点地图，而日月食元素多取自 NASA/Espenak 之五千年正典（5MCSE / 5MCLE），计日食 9 506 次、月食 9 650 次。正典起于天文年 −1999，即公元前 2000 年；更早一段无典可依，贝塞尔元素改由 JPL DE441 星历自算，计日食 2 365 次、月食 2 381 次，另附经度中误差一项，其值在 4.48° 与 7.30° 之间。

目录结构

文件	内容	体量
data/eclipses/solar.json	日食索引	11 871 条 · 9.1 MB
data/eclipses/lunar.json	月食索引	12 031 条 · 9.3 MB
data/eclipses/events/ <date>.json	接触曲线与贝塞尔多项式	11 871 个 · 219 MB
data/eclipses/bessel-5mcse.json	NASA 5MCSE 元素	9 506 条

对照

本站以六份对照表索引史籍所记之地点、时间与对象，为史籍与全表相联之据。

目录结构

文件	内容	条目
data/duizhao/xingguan.json	天文对象	391
data/duizhao/nianhao.json	中国年号（前 140 – 1911）	330
data/duizhao/nengo.json	日本元号（645 – 今）	241
data/duizhao/diming.json	观测地点	164
data/duizhao/wenming.json	文明身份	28
data/duizhao/quyu.json	地理区域	124

致谢与许可

本项目自有代码以 GNU General Public License v3.0 发布；data/records/ 与 data/duizhao/ 以 CC-BY-SA 4.0 发布；第三方代码、数据、字体依其各自之许可。

用途	组件 (版本)	作者 / 来源	许可
影锥几何	SubstellarAtlas	Higashimado	GPL-3.0
地图引擎	Leaflet 1.9.4	Volodymyr Agafonkin	BSD-2-Clause
矢量渲染	MapLibre GL JS 5.24.0	MapLibre	BSD-3-Clause
图层桥接	maplibre-gl-leaflet 0.1.3	MapLibre	ISC
时间过滤	maplibre-gl-dates 1.3.0	OpenHistoricalMap	ISC
天文计算	Astronomy Engine 2.1.19	Don Cross	MIT
日月食正典	5MCSE / 5MCLE	Fred Espenak（NASA GSFC）	公有领域 + 署名
古代星历	JPL DE441	JPL	公有领域
地球自转	Stephenson, Morrison & Hohenkerk 2016	Royal Society	CC BY-SA 4.0
历史底图	OpenHistoricalMap	OHM 社区	数据 CC0
现代底图	CARTO Positron · Voyager	CARTO	© CARTO
现代底图	OpenStreetMap 标准图层	OSM 贡献者	ODbL
地形底图	Esri World Shaded Relief	Esri / USGS	© Esri
底图数据	OpenStreetMap	OSM 贡献者	ODbL
正史文本	维基文库	Wikisource 贡献者	CC-BY-SA 4.0
CJK 字体	Source Han Serif 思源宋体	Adobe	OFL
西文字体	Spectral	Production Type	OFL
多文字衬线	Noto Serif · Naskh Arabic · Serif Armenian · Serif Hebrew	Google	OFL
题铭字体	KingHwaOldSong 京華老宋体	ZeoSeven Fonts	见 licenses

五千年之事，浩如烟海，疏漏舛误所不能免。同好如有可补之史料、可正之错讹、可申之考证，望于 issues 见告，不胜感激。

---

Records

The corpus holds 12,026 records from 26 civilizations. Each record stores the original text, its translations and an editorial note as separate fields. The source files live under data/:

File	Contents
data/records/schema.json	Field definitions
data/records/manifest.json	File inventory
data/records/sources.json	Bibliography
data/records/<phenomenon>/<civilization>.jsonl	The records themselves

East Asia

East Asia supplies 11,804 records, 98.2% of the corpus, running from 2137 BCE to 1911 CE. The Chinese branch draws on sixteen of the Twenty-Four Histories together with the Draft History of Qing, taking their treatises on astronomy, on the five phases and on the calendar along with their basic annals. It also draws on the classics (Shangshu, Shijing, Chunqiu and Zuozhuan), on the Yinxu oracle bones, and on a number of miscellanies and poems. Most texts follow the punctuated editions at Wikisource.

Twenty-three principal sources account for 11,666 records, 98.8% of the East Asian branch, ordered here by the earliest year each one records:

Source	Period	Sol.	Lun.	Occ.	Conj.	Nov.	Com.	Records
Book of Han, Treatise on the Five Phases	205 BCE – 2 CE	45						45
Samguk sagi	54 BCE – 911 CE	44				3	7	54
Book of Later Han, Treatise on the Five Phases VI	26–219	65						65
Book of Later Han, Treatise on Astronomy	55–213	1				11	17	29
Book of Song, Treatise on the Five Phases	221–479	73						73
Book of Jin, Treatise on Astronomy	222–418		1			6	47	54
Book of Wei, Treatise on Celestial Phenomena	400–549	32	36			3	23	94
Book of Sui, Treatise on Astronomy	502–617	11	3	175	12	4	14	219
New Book of Tang, Treatise on Astronomy	618–906	90		389	1	6	48	534
Old Book of Tang, Treatise on Astronomy	626–839	1	1				18	20
Rikkokushi	680–887	97	4					101
Fusō ryakki; Hyakurenshō; Azuma kagami	898–1265	20						20
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Treatise on Astronomy	911–958	9	11				6	26
History of Song, Treatise on Astronomy	960–1275	121	149	4,819		17	21	5,127
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư	993–1774	46	32					78
Goryeosa, Treatise on Astronomy	1012–1393	119	97	1,911	4	3	15	2,149
History of Jin, Treatise on Astronomy	1120–1232	8	25	209	4	2	5	253
History of Yuan, Treatise on Astronomy	1264–1367	35		571	8	1	18	633
History of Ming, Treatise on Astronomy	1368–1642			972	45		38	1,055
History of Ming, Basic Annals	1371–1643	75						75
Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty	1400–1863	84	32			84	297	497
Draft History of Qing, Treatise on Astronomy	1618–1796	50		357			25	432
Draft History of Qing, Basic Annals	1646–1911	33						33

The remaining twenty-seven sources hold 138 records, among them the Zhongkang eclipse in the Shangshu, "Yinzheng", the Yinxu oracle bones, the Shijing, "Xiaoya, Shiyue zhi jiao", Lu Tong's Yueshi shi and Han Yu's Yueshi shi xiao Yuchuanzi zuo, the Liaoshi, Fujiwara no Teika's Meigetsuki, the Xixia shushi, the Changchun zhenren xiyou ji, the Xu Zizhi Tongjian and Shu Yuexiang's Rishi.

Elsewhere

Beyond East Asia lie 222 records across 21 civilizations. They are not the product of an office keeping watch day by day; they are single witnesses, one event at a time. Before the modern period the sources are chronicles, histories, codices and tablets. From the seventeenth century onward there are no longer books but observatory reports, learned-society communications and private letters, so the third column below lists works and observers together.

Civilization	Period	Works and reports	Sol.	Lun.	Records
Islamic	829–1226	Ḥabash al-Ḥāsib, al-Māhānī, al-Battānī, Ibn Amājūr, Ibn Yūnus, al-Bīrūnī, Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kamil fi al-Ta'rikh, Ibn ʿIdhārī	19	27	46
Britain	664–1919	Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, Chronicon ex chronicis, William of Malmesbury, Historia Novella, Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, Gervase of Canterbury, Chronica, Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, Thomas Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, Walter Bower, Scotichronicon, John Lamont, John Nicoll, Alice Thornton, John Evelyn, Halley, Baily, De la Rue, Lockyer, Copeland, Dyson, Eddington	31	8	39
HRE	806–1852	Annales regni Francorum, Annales Bertiniani, Annales Hildesheimenses, Annales Marbacenses, Annalista Saxo, Regino of Prüm, Chronicon, Sigebert of Gembloux, Chronicon, Peter of Zittau, Zbraslav Chronicle, Vavřinec of Březová, Historia Hussitica, Gemma Frisius, David Fabricius, Kepler, Ad Vitellionem Paralipomena, De Stella Nova, Heinsius, Rümker, Busch, Galle, d'Arrest, Wolf, Klinkerfues	12	16	28
America	1806–1918	Ferrer, Maria Mitchell, Harkness, Gilman, Rogers, Young, Lockett, Willson, Seagrave, Campbell, Hammond, Adams, Stebbins, Morehouse, Pettit	19	0	19
Babylon	1223–183 BCE	Babylonian Astronomical Diaries, Ptolemy, Almagest, tablet BM 33066, Ugaritic tablet KTU 1.78	1	11	12
Italy	1178–1852	Romuald II Guarna, Chronicon, Ristoro d'Arezzo, La composizione del mondo, Salimbene de Adam, Cronica, Annales Placentini Gibellini, Chronicon Foroliviense, Nicolò Barbaro, Giornale dell'assedio di Costantinopoli, Gervase of Canterbury, Chronica, Clavius, Kepler, De Stella Nova, Secchi	8	4	12
Syriac	512–1191	Michael the Syrian, Chronicle	9	2	11
France	1033–1905	Rodulfus Glaber, Historiarum libri quinque, Robert of Torigny, Chronica, Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, Michel Pintoin, Chronicorum Karoli Sexti, Maraldi, Cassini, Janssen, Lescarbault, Štefánik	8	2	10
Iberia	939–1560	Annales Castellani Antiquiores, Anales Toledanos Primeros, Crónica de Cerrato, Chronicon Conimbricense, Andrés Bernáldez, Historia de los Reyes Católicos, Ferdinand Columbus, Historie, Clavius	7	1	8
Armenia	1099–1736	Matthew of Edessa, Gregory the Priest, Samuel of Ani, Tables chronologiques, Arakel of Tabriz, Abraham of Crete	4	3	7
Greek	648 BCE – 71 CE	Archilochus, fr. 122 West, Herodotus, Historiae, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Pappus of Alexandria, Commentary on the Almagest, Plutarch, De facie in orbe lunae	6	1	7
Norse	1030–1581	Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla, Sturla Þórðarson, Saga of Haakon Haakonsson, Tycho Brahe, Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata, Gassendi	3	2	5
Slavic	1185–1406	Hypatian Chronicle, Laurentian Chronicle, Novgorod First Chronicle, Chronicle of Janko z Czarnkowa	4	0	4
Byzantium	968–1453	Leo the Deacon, Historia, Anna Komnene, Pseudo-Sphrantzes, Chronicon Maius	2	1	3
Russia	1748–1791	Braun, Popov, Rumovsky, Inochodzov	3	0	3
Rome	190–168 BCE	Livy, Ab Urbe Condita, Plutarch, Aemilius Paullus	1	1	2
Maya	755, 859	Dresden Codex	2	0	2
Hittite	1312 BCE	Annals of Mursili II	1	0	1
Assyria	763 BCE	Limmu list	1	0	1
Aztec	1496	Codex Telleriano-Remensis	1	0	1
Latin America	1923	Joaquín Gallo	1	0	1

Tables

The eclipse tables share their computing engine with Substellar Atlas, while the elements themselves come mostly from the NASA/Espenak five-millennium canons (5MCSE / 5MCLE): 9,506 solar and 9,650 lunar eclipses. The canon opens at astronomical year −1999, that is 2000 BCE; for the stretch before it no canon exists, so the Besselian elements are computed from the JPL DE441 ephemeris, giving a further 2,365 solar and 2,381 lunar eclipses, each carrying a longitude standard error between 4.48° and 7.30°.

Directory

File	Contents	Size
data/eclipses/solar.json	Solar index	11,871 entries · 9.1 MB
data/eclipses/lunar.json	Lunar index	12,031 entries · 9.3 MB
data/eclipses/events/ <date>.json	Contact curves and Besselian polynomials	11,871 files · 219 MB
data/eclipses/bessel-5mcse.json	NASA 5MCSE elements	9,506 entries

Cross-references

Six lookup tables index the places, the dates and the objects named in the records, and they are what binds a record to its event.

Directory

File	Contents	Entries
data/duizhao/xingguan.json	Celestial objects	391
data/duizhao/nianhao.json	Chinese era names (140 BCE – 1911)	330
data/duizhao/nengo.json	Japanese era names (645 – present)	241
data/duizhao/diming.json	Observation sites	164
data/duizhao/wenming.json	Civilization identities	28
data/duizhao/quyu.json	Geographic regions	124

Credits & License

The project's own code is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0; data/records/ and data/duizhao/ are released under CC-BY-SA 4.0. Third-party code, data and fonts keep their own licences.

Purpose	Component (version)	Author / Source	License
Shadow geometry	SubstellarAtlas	Higashimado	GPL-3.0
Map engine	Leaflet 1.9.4	Volodymyr Agafonkin	BSD-2-Clause
Vector rendering	MapLibre GL JS 5.24.0	MapLibre	BSD-3-Clause
Layer bridge	maplibre-gl-leaflet 0.1.3	MapLibre	ISC
Time filtering	maplibre-gl-dates 1.3.0	OpenHistoricalMap	ISC
Astronomy	Astronomy Engine 2.1.19	Don Cross	MIT
Eclipse canon	5MCSE / 5MCLE	Fred Espenak (NASA GSFC)	Public domain + attribution
Ancient ephemeris	JPL DE441	JPL	Public domain
Earth rotation	Stephenson, Morrison & Hohenkerk 2016	Royal Society	CC BY-SA 4.0
Historical basemap	OpenHistoricalMap	OHM community	Data CC0
Modern basemap	CARTO Positron · Voyager	CARTO	© CARTO
Modern basemap	OpenStreetMap standard layer	OSM contributors	ODbL
Terrain basemap	Esri World Shaded Relief	Esri / USGS	© Esri
Basemap data	OpenStreetMap	OSM contributors	ODbL
Dynastic texts	Wikisource	Wikisource contributors	CC-BY-SA 4.0
CJK fonts	Source Han Serif	Adobe	OFL
Latin fonts	Spectral	Production Type	OFL
Multi-script serif	Noto Serif · Naskh Arabic · Serif Armenian · Serif Hebrew	Google	OFL
Display font	KingHwaOldSong	ZeoSeven Fonts	see licenses

Five millennia make a wide field, and omissions and errors are unavoidable. Further sources, corrections and arguments on dating or identification are all welcome: just open an issue.