fix(core): bound the compact serializers' segment split

The compact JWS and JWE serializers split the whole input on every "."
before checking the segment count, so a delimiter-heavy string was first
expanded into one array entry per delimiter. That costs about 25 times
the size of the input in memory: a 2 MB token allocates ~48 MB before it
is rejected as malformed.

The split is now bounded to one more segment than a valid token has,
which is enough to detect and reject longer input while keeping the
allocation proportional to the token itself. The accepted and rejected
inputs are unchanged.

Reported by Team Atlanta.

Author: Spomky

src/Library/Encryption/Serializer/CompactSerializer.php

@@ -54,10 +54,16 @@ public function serialize(JWE $jwe, ?int $recipientIndex = null): string
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The split is bounded to six segments: a valid compact JWE has exactly five, so a sixth one is enough to
+     * detect and reject any longer input. Without that bound, a delimiter-heavy string would be expanded into one
+     * array entry per delimiter before the segment count is checked, which costs about twenty-five times the size
+     * of the input in memory.
+     */
     #[Override]
     public function unserialize(string $input): JWE
     {
-        $parts = explode('.', $input);
+        $parts = explode('.', $input, 6);
         if (count($parts) !== 5) {
             throw new InvalidArgumentException('Unsupported input');
         }

src/Library/Signature/Serializer/CompactSerializer.php

@@ -58,10 +58,16 @@ public function serialize(JWS $jws, ?int $signatureIndex = null): string
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The split is bounded to four segments: a valid compact JWS has exactly three, so a fourth one is enough to
+     * detect and reject any longer input. Without that bound, a delimiter-heavy string would be expanded into one
+     * array entry per delimiter before the segment count is checked, which costs about twenty-five times the size
+     * of the input in memory.
+     */
     #[Override]
     public function unserialize(string $input): JWS
     {
-        $parts = explode('.', $input);
+        $parts = explode('.', $input, 4);
         if (count($parts) !== 3) {
             throw new InvalidArgumentException('Unsupported input');
         }

tests/Component/Encryption/CompactSerializerTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Jose\Tests\Component\Encryption;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use Jose\Component\Encryption\Serializer\CompactSerializer;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use function memory_get_peak_usage;
+use function memory_get_usage;
+use function memory_reset_peak_usage;
+use function str_repeat;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class CompactSerializerTest extends TestCase
+{
+    #[Test]
+    public function aTokenWithTooManySegmentsIsRejected(): void
+    {
+        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Unsupported input');
+
+        (new CompactSerializer())->unserialize('eyJhbGciOiJkaXIiLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4R0NNIn0.....');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A delimiter-heavy token must be rejected without expanding it into one array entry per delimiter. The
+     * threshold is deliberately generous: the unbounded split of this input allocates roughly twenty-five times its
+     * size, while the bounded one stays proportional to it.
+     */
+    #[Test]
+    public function aDelimiterHeavyTokenIsRejectedWithoutExhaustingMemory(): void
+    {
+        $token = str_repeat('.', 2_000_000);
+        $serializer = new CompactSerializer();
+        memory_reset_peak_usage();
+        $before = memory_get_usage();
+
+        try {
+            $serializer->unserialize($token);
+            static::fail('The token should have been rejected.');
+        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            static::assertSame('Unsupported input', $e->getMessage());
+        }
+
+        static::assertLessThan(8_000_000, memory_get_peak_usage() - $before);
+    }
+}

tests/Component/Signature/CompactSerializerTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Jose\Tests\Component\Signature;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use Jose\Component\Signature\Serializer\CompactSerializer;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use function memory_get_peak_usage;
+use function memory_get_usage;
+use function memory_reset_peak_usage;
+use function str_repeat;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class CompactSerializerTest extends TestCase
+{
+    #[Test]
+    public function aTokenWithTooManySegmentsIsRejected(): void
+    {
+        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Unsupported input');
+
+        (new CompactSerializer())->unserialize('eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0...');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A delimiter-heavy token must be rejected without expanding it into one array entry per delimiter. The
+     * threshold is deliberately generous: the unbounded split of this input allocates roughly twenty-five times its
+     * size, while the bounded one stays proportional to it.
+     */
+    #[Test]
+    public function aDelimiterHeavyTokenIsRejectedWithoutExhaustingMemory(): void
+    {
+        $token = str_repeat('.', 2_000_000);
+        $serializer = new CompactSerializer();
+        memory_reset_peak_usage();
+        $before = memory_get_usage();
+
+        try {
+            $serializer->unserialize($token);
+            static::fail('The token should have been rejected.');
+        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            static::assertSame('Unsupported input', $e->getMessage());
+        }
+
+        static::assertLessThan(8_000_000, memory_get_peak_usage() - $before);
+    }
+}