系统开发口径修订（2026-03-08） AIOS 统一定义为 AI 原生操作系统 / 系统软件工程。本文如提及桌面应用、Electron 客户端、应用适配器、App 安装等内容，除非明确标注为“原型期 / 兼容层 / 历史实现”，否则不再代表目标形态。 当前最高约束：系统镜像、系统服务、系统壳层、设备/能力抽象、权限与更新恢复。
版本: 2.0.0 更新日期: 2026-01-09 状态: 战略规划阶段
本文档定义 AIOS Protocol 的任务管理机制，包括任务生命周期、状态机、异步执行和实时更新。
| 目标 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 完整性 | 支持从简单调用到复杂长任务的全场景 |
| 可观测 | 任务状态可查询、可订阅、可追踪 |
| 可控制 | 支持暂停、恢复、取消任务 |
| 可恢复 | 支持断线重连后恢复任务状态 |
| 特性 | MCP | A2A | AIOS |
|---|---|---|---|
| 状态机 | 简单请求-响应 | 7 状态 | 8 状态（增加 paused, auth_required） |
| 传输 | JSON-RPC | HTTP + SSE | JSON-RPC + SSE |
| 产物 | Resources | Artifact | Artifact（兼容） |
| 权限 | 持续演进 | 基础认证 | 系统控制域5级权限 |
| 状态历史 | 无 | stateTransitionHistory | state_history |
| 推送通知 | 无 | webhooks | webhooks |
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
▼ │
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ pending │───>│ working │───>│ completed │ │
└────┬────┘ └──────┬──────┘ └─────────────┘ │
│ │ │
│ ├───────────────────────────────────────>│
│ │ │
│ ▼ │
│ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ │ paused │─────────────────────────────────┤
│ └──────┬──────┘ │
│ │ │
│ ▼ │
│ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ │input_required│────────────────────────────────┤
│ └──────┬──────┘ │
│ │ │
│ ▼ │
│ ┌─────────────┐ │
└────────>│ failed │ │
└─────────────┘ │
│
┌──────┴──────┐
│ canceled │
└─────────────┘
| 状态 | 说明 | 可转换到 | A2A对应 |
|---|---|---|---|
pending |
任务已创建，等待执行 | working, failed, canceled | submitted |
working |
任务正在执行 | completed, failed, paused, input_required, auth_required, canceled | working |
paused |
任务已暂停 | working, canceled | - (AIOS独有) |
input_required |
需要用户输入才能继续 | working, canceled | input-required |
auth_required |
需要额外认证才能继续 | working, canceled | auth-required |
completed |
任务成功完成 | - (终态) | completed |
failed |
任务执行失败 | - (终态) | failed |
canceled |
任务被取消 | - (终态) | canceled |
| 转换 | 触发条件 |
|---|---|
| pending → working | 调度器开始执行任务 |
| working → completed | 任务执行成功 |
| working → failed | 任务执行出错 |
| working → paused | 用户请求暂停 |
| working → input_required | 任务需要用户输入 |
| working → auth_required | 任务需要额外认证 |
| working → canceled | 用户请求取消 |
| paused → working | 用户请求恢复 |
| paused → canceled | 用户请求取消 |
| input_required → working | 用户提供输入 |
| input_required → canceled | 用户请求取消 |
| auth_required → working | 用户完成认证 |
| auth_required → canceled | 用户请求取消 |
方法: aios/task.create
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "1",
"method": "aios/task.create",
"params": {
"capability_id": "compat.browser.search_and_compare",
"arguments": {
"query": "无线耳机",
"sites": ["jd.com", "taobao.com"]
},
"options": {
"async": true,
"priority": "normal",
"timeout_ms": 120000,
"retry": {
"max_attempts": 3,
"delay_ms": 1000
}
},
"metadata": {
"user_request": "比较京东和淘宝的耳机价格",
"tags": ["shopping", "comparison"]
}
}
}参数说明：
| 参数 | 类型 | 必需 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
capability_id |
string | ✅ | 能力标识 |
arguments |
object | ❌ | 能力参数 |
options.async |
boolean | ❌ | 是否异步执行（默认 false） |
options.priority |
string | ❌ | 优先级：low/normal/high |
options.timeout_ms |
integer | ❌ | 超时时间 |
options.retry |
object | ❌ | 重试配置 |
metadata |
object | ❌ | 任务元数据 |
响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "1",
"result": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"status": "pending",
"created_at": "2026-01-05T10:00:00Z",
"estimated_duration_ms": 30000
}
}方法: aios/task.get
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "2",
"method": "aios/task.get",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001"
}
}响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "2",
"result": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"capability_id": "compat.browser.search_and_compare",
"status": "working",
"progress": {
"percent": 45,
"message": "正在搜索淘宝...",
"current_step": 2,
"total_steps": 4
},
"created_at": "2026-01-05T10:00:00Z",
"started_at": "2026-01-05T10:00:01Z",
"artifacts": []
}
}方法: aios/task.list
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "3",
"method": "aios/task.list",
"params": {
"filter": {
"status": ["pending", "working"],
"capability_id": "compat.browser.*"
},
"pagination": {
"limit": 10,
"offset": 0
},
"sort": {
"field": "created_at",
"order": "desc"
}
}
}响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "3",
"result": {
"tasks": [
{
"task_id": "task-001",
"status": "working",
"progress": {"percent": 45},
"created_at": "2026-01-05T10:00:00Z"
}
],
"total": 1,
"has_more": false
}
}方法: aios/task.cancel
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "4",
"method": "aios/task.cancel",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"reason": "user_request"
}
}响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "4",
"result": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"status": "canceled",
"canceled_at": "2026-01-05T10:01:00Z"
}
}方法: aios/task.pause
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "5",
"method": "aios/task.pause",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001"
}
}方法: aios/task.resume
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "6",
"method": "aios/task.resume",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001"
}
}当任务处于 input_required 状态时，提供所需输入。
方法: aios/task.input
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "7",
"method": "aios/task.input",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"input": {
"selected_product": "product-123",
"confirm_purchase": true
}
}
}方法: aios/task.subscribe
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "8",
"method": "aios/task.subscribe",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"events": ["status", "progress", "artifact", "log"]
}
}响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "8",
"result": {
"subscription_id": "sub-001",
"task_id": "task-001"
}
}订阅后，服务端通过 SSE 推送事件：
event: task.status
id: evt-001
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "status": "working", "timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:00:01Z"}
event: task.progress
id: evt-002
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "progress": {"percent": 25, "message": "正在搜索京东..."}}
event: task.progress
id: evt-003
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "progress": {"percent": 50, "message": "正在搜索淘宝..."}}
event: task.artifact
id: evt-004
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "artifact": {"id": "art-001", "name": "京东搜索结果", "type": "data"}}
event: task.input_required
id: evt-005
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "prompt": "找到多个商品，请选择要比较的商品", "options": [...]}
event: task.status
id: evt-006
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "status": "completed", "timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:01:00Z"}
event: task.result
id: evt-007
data: {"task_id": "task-001", "result": {...}, "artifacts": [...]}
| 事件 | 说明 |
|---|---|
task.status |
任务状态变更 |
task.progress |
进度更新 |
task.artifact |
产生新的 Artifact |
task.input_required |
需要用户输入 |
task.log |
任务日志 |
task.result |
任务完成结果 |
task.error |
任务错误 |
方法: aios/task.unsubscribe
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "9",
"method": "aios/task.unsubscribe",
"params": {
"subscription_id": "sub-001"
}
}方法: aios/task.resubscribe
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "10",
"method": "aios/task.resubscribe",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"last_event_id": "evt-003"
}
}响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "10",
"result": {
"subscription_id": "sub-002",
"missed_events": [
{"id": "evt-004", "event": "task.artifact", "data": {...}},
{"id": "evt-005", "event": "task.input_required", "data": {...}}
]
}
}{
"artifact": {
"id": "art-001",
"name": "价格对比报告",
"type": "report",
"mime_type": "application/json",
"created_at": "2026-01-05T10:01:00Z",
"parts": [
{
"type": "text",
"text": "## 价格对比结果\n\n京东价格: ¥299\n淘宝价格: ¥289"
},
{
"type": "data",
"data": {
"jd": {"price": 299, "url": "https://jd.com/..."},
"taobao": {"price": 289, "url": "https://taobao.com/..."}
}
},
{
"type": "image",
"image": {
"uri": "file:///tmp/comparison_chart.png",
"mime_type": "image/png"
}
}
],
"metadata": {
"source_task": "task-001",
"version": 1
}
}
}| 类型 | 说明 | 字段 |
|---|---|---|
text |
文本内容 | text |
data |
结构化数据 | data (JSON object) |
file |
文件引用 | file.uri, file.mime_type, file.size |
image |
图片 | image.uri, image.mime_type |
audio |
音频 | audio.uri, audio.duration_ms |
video |
视频 | video.uri, video.duration_ms |
方法: aios/artifact.get
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "11",
"method": "aios/artifact.get",
"params": {
"artifact_id": "art-001"
}
}方法: aios/artifact.list
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "12",
"method": "aios/artifact.list",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001"
}
}| 级别 | 说明 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|
low |
低优先级 | 后台任务、批量处理 |
normal |
普通优先级 | 默认 |
high |
高优先级 | 用户交互任务 |
urgent |
紧急 | 系统关键任务 |
| 策略 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 优先级队列 | 高优先级任务优先执行 |
| 公平调度 | 同优先级任务按创建时间排序 |
| 资源限制 | 限制并发任务数 |
| 超时控制 | 超时任务自动失败 |
// 在 initialize 响应中返回
{
"capabilities": {
"limits": {
"max_concurrent_tasks": 10,
"max_tasks_per_tool": 3,
"max_queue_size": 100
}
}
}| 错误码 | 消息 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
-32106 |
Task not found | 任务不存在 |
-32107 |
Task already completed | 任务已完成，无法操作 |
-32107 |
Task already canceled | 任务已取消 |
-32005 |
Task timeout | 任务超时 |
-32006 |
Task queue full | 任务队列已满 |
-32108 |
Invalid task state | 无效的状态转换 |
-32002 |
Input required | 需要用户输入 |
-32108 |
Invalid input | 用户输入无效 |
{
"task_id": "task-001",
"status": "failed",
"error": {
"code": -32005,
"message": "Timeout",
"data": {
"capability_id": "compat.browser.search_and_compare",
"timeout_ms": 30000,
"elapsed_ms": 30500
}
},
"failed_at": "2026-01-05T10:00:30Z"
}方法: aios/task.history
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "13",
"method": "aios/task.history",
"params": {
"filter": {
"start_time": "2026-01-05T00:00:00Z",
"end_time": "2026-01-05T23:59:59Z",
"status": ["completed", "failed"]
},
"pagination": {
"limit": 50,
"offset": 0
}
}
}每个任务的关键事件都会记录到审计日志：
| 事件 | 记录内容 |
|---|---|
| 创建 | 任务参数、创建者、时间 |
| 状态变更 | 旧状态、新状态、原因 |
| 权限请求 | 请求的权限、用户响应 |
| 完成/失败 | 结果摘要、耗时 |
当任务需要额外认证时，发送 task.auth_required 事件：
{
"event": "task.auth_required",
"data": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"status": "auth_required",
"auth_request": {
"type": "oauth2",
"provider": "google",
"authorization_url": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth",
"scopes": ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly"],
"reason": "访问Google Drive需要用户授权",
"timeout_ms": 300000
}
}
}方法: aios/task.authenticate
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "auth-001",
"method": "aios/task.authenticate",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"auth_response": {
"type": "oauth2",
"authorization_code": "...",
"state": "..."
}
}
}| 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|
oauth2 |
OAuth 2.0 授权码流程 |
api_key |
API密钥 |
password |
用户名密码 |
certificate |
客户端证书 |
方法: aios/task.get (包含 include_history 参数)
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "14",
"method": "aios/task.get",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"include_history": true
}
}响应：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "14",
"result": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"status": "completed",
"state_history": [
{
"state": "pending",
"timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:00:00Z"
},
{
"state": "working",
"timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:00:01Z"
},
{
"state": "input_required",
"timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:00:30Z",
"reason": "需要选择商品",
"metadata": {
"prompt": "找到多个商品，请选择要比较的商品",
"options_count": 5
}
},
{
"state": "working",
"timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:01:00Z",
"reason": "用户提供了输入"
},
{
"state": "completed",
"timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:02:00Z"
}
],
"result": {...}
}
}方法: aios/task.subscribe_webhook
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "15",
"method": "aios/task.subscribe_webhook",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"webhook_url": "https://client.example.com/aios/webhook",
"events": ["status", "artifact", "completed", "failed"],
"authentication": {
"type": "bearer",
"token": "webhook-secret-token"
},
"retry_policy": {
"max_retries": 3,
"retry_delay_ms": 1000
}
}
}POST /aios/webhook HTTP/1.1
Host: client.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer webhook-secret-token
X-AIOS-Event: task.status
X-AIOS-Delivery-Id: delivery-001
X-AIOS-Signature: sha256=...
{
"event": "task.status",
"task_id": "task-001",
"timestamp": "2026-01-05T10:01:00Z",
"data": {
"status": "completed",
"result": {...}
}
}方法: aios/task.unsubscribe_webhook
请求：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "16",
"method": "aios/task.unsubscribe_webhook",
"params": {
"task_id": "task-001",
"webhook_url": "https://client.example.com/aios/webhook"
}
}| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|---|
aios/task.create |
创建任务 |
aios/task.get |
获取任务详情 |
aios/task.list |
列出任务 |
aios/task.cancel |
取消任务 |
aios/task.pause |
暂停任务 |
aios/task.resume |
恢复任务 |
aios/task.input |
提供用户输入 |
aios/task.authenticate |
提供认证信息 |
aios/task.subscribe |
订阅任务更新 (SSE) |
aios/task.unsubscribe |
取消订阅 |
aios/task.resubscribe |
重新订阅 |
aios/task.subscribe_webhook |
注册Webhook |
aios/task.unsubscribe_webhook |
取消Webhook |
aios/task.history |
查询历史 |
aios/artifact.get |
获取 Artifact |
aios/artifact.list |
列出 Artifacts |
文档版本: 2.0.0 最后更新: 2026-01-09 维护者: AIOS Protocol Team