From 95c758988419a9e4bffb8682d4b49ae79e545c1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SandroMaglione <lass.maglio@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Aug 2026 11:44:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Share zero-input process logic

---
 .changeset/calm-machines-share.md |  5 ++
 src/internal/machineProcess.ts    | 23 ++++++++-
 test/Machine.test.ts              | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/calm-machines-share.md

diff --git a/.changeset/calm-machines-share.md b/.changeset/calm-machines-share.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbe838b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/calm-machines-share.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@typeonce/effect-machine": patch
+---
+
+Reduce retained machine memory by sharing immutable zero-input execution descriptors across process instances while preserving per-instance invoke state.
diff --git a/src/internal/machineProcess.ts b/src/internal/machineProcess.ts
index 1b85aa8..1fd6659 100644
--- a/src/internal/machineProcess.ts
+++ b/src/internal/machineProcess.ts
@@ -782,6 +782,11 @@ const makeProcessLogic: <
   >
 }
 
+const initialProcessLogicCache = new WeakMap<
+  Machine.Any,
+  internalRuntime.ProcessLogic<any, any, any, any, any, any>
+>()
+
 export const toProcessLogic: <
   const States extends Machine.StateSchemas,
   const Events extends ReadonlyArray<Machine.TaggedSchema>,
@@ -814,7 +819,23 @@ export const toProcessLogic: <
   | MachineSchemaDecodeError
   | StartupError
   | StoppedError
-> = (machine, ...args) => makeProcessLogic(machine, { _tag: "Initial", args })
+> = (machine, ...args) => {
+  if (args.length > 0) {
+    return makeProcessLogic(machine, { _tag: "Initial", args })
+  }
+  // The execution descriptor stores process-local invoke sessions by each
+  // runtime address and evaluates initialization/services on every start. A
+  // zero-argument descriptor is therefore safe to share for the lifetime of
+  // its immutable machine definition. Input-bearing and resumed starts retain
+  // their instance-specific entry values below.
+  const cached = initialProcessLogicCache.get(machine)
+  if (cached !== undefined) {
+    return cached as any
+  }
+  const logic = makeProcessLogic(machine, { _tag: "Initial", args })
+  initialProcessLogicCache.set(machine, logic as any)
+  return logic
+}
 
 const toResumedProcessLogic = (
   machine: Machine.Any,
diff --git a/test/Machine.test.ts b/test/Machine.test.ts
index 9e78e6a..fcd1087 100644
--- a/test/Machine.test.ts
+++ b/test/Machine.test.ts
@@ -3953,6 +3953,87 @@ describe("Machine", () => {
       })
     }))
 
+  it.effect("isolates invoked children across concurrent zero-input starts", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const childStates = Machine.defineStates({ Idle })
+      const childMachine = Machine.make({
+        states: childStates.states,
+        events: [],
+        initial: () => childStates.initial.Idle(new Idle({ userId: "child" }))
+      })
+      const Child = Machine.child("shared-child", childMachine)
+      const parentStates = Machine.defineStates({ Loading })
+      const parentMachine = Machine.make({
+        states: parentStates.states,
+        events: [],
+        initial: () => parentStates.initial.Loading(new Loading({ requestId: "parent" }))
+      }).handle({
+        Loading: {
+          invoke: Machine.invokeMachine({ child: Child })
+        }
+      })
+
+      const [first, second] = yield* Effect.all(
+        [Machine.start(parentMachine), Machine.start(parentMachine)],
+        { concurrency: "unbounded" }
+      )
+      const firstChild = yield* first.childChanges(Child).pipe(
+        Stream.filter(Option.isSome),
+        Stream.runHead,
+        Effect.map(Option.flatten)
+      )
+      const secondChild = yield* second.childChanges(Child).pipe(
+        Stream.filter(Option.isSome),
+        Stream.runHead,
+        Effect.map(Option.flatten)
+      )
+
+      assert(Option.isSome(firstChild))
+      assert(Option.isSome(secondChild))
+      assert.notStrictEqual(firstChild.value, secondChild.value)
+
+      yield* first.stop
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(yield* second.snapshot, {
+        status: "active",
+        state: { path: "Loading", value: new Loading({ requestId: "parent" }) }
+      })
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(yield* secondChild.value.snapshot, {
+        status: "active",
+        state: { path: "Idle", value: new Idle({ userId: "child" }) }
+      })
+      yield* second.stop
+    }))
+
+  it.effect("keeps input-bearing process descriptors instance-specific", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const states = Machine.defineStates({ Idle })
+      const machine = Machine.make({
+        states: states.states,
+        events: [],
+        input: Input,
+        initial: (input) => states.initial.Idle(new Idle({ userId: input.userId }))
+      }).handle({
+        Idle: {}
+      })
+      const [first, second] = yield* Effect.all(
+        [
+          Machine.start(machine, { userId: "first" }),
+          Machine.start(machine, { userId: "second" })
+        ],
+        { concurrency: "unbounded" }
+      )
+
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(yield* first.state, {
+        path: "Idle",
+        value: new Idle({ userId: "first" })
+      })
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(yield* second.state, {
+        path: "Idle",
+        value: new Idle({ userId: "second" })
+      })
+      yield* Effect.all([first.stop, second.stop], { concurrency: "unbounded" })
+    }))
+
   it.effect("invokeMachine rejects duplicate active child addresses", () =>
     Effect.gen(function*() {
       const childStates = Machine.defineStates({ Idle })