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203 lines (135 loc) · 5.75 KB
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Alphabet
a:a a:e a:ô ! Normal | Umlaut | Ablaut1 and Ablaut2 |
b:b b:p ! Normal | Final devoicing
c
d
e:e e:i e:a e:u e:o e:a e:â e:o e:e e:0 ! Normal | Umlaut | Ablaut1 | Ablaut2 | Ablaut3 | Ablaut-STR4&5-1 | Ablaut STR4&5-2 | Ablaut-STR4-3 | ABLAUT-STR5-3 | After surface 'e' to prohibit clusters
eo
f
g
h:h h:g ! Normal | Grammatischer Wechsel
i
ie:ie ! single phoneme
io:io io:iu io:ô io:u io:o io:eo ! Normal | Umlaut | Ablaut 1 | Ablaut 2 | Ablaut 3 | occasional variant
iu
j
k:k k:c
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u:u u:a u:â u:o ! Normal | Ablaut-STR4&5-1 | Ablaut STR4&5-2 | Ablaut STR4&5-3 [e.g. kuman~kam~kâmun-gikoman]
v:ƀ
w w:u ! Normal | optional [hu] for [hw] after an h, before a vowel
x
y
z
î:î î:ê î:i ! Normal | Ablaut1 | Ablaut2 & Ablaut3 [e.g. mîthan ~ mêth ~ midun ~ gimidan]
ê:ê ê:ie ! Normal | Ablaut1 & Alaut2 [e.g. hêtan ~ hiet ~ hietun ~ gihêtan]
ô:ô ô:io !ô:uo ! Normal | 7th class Ablaut1 & Ablaut2 [e.g. hlôpan ~ hliop ~ hliopun ~ hlôpan] | alternate spelling
â:â â:ê ! Normal | 7th class Ablaut1 & Ablaut2 [e.g. lâtan ~ lêt ~ lêtun ~ gilâtan]
û:û û:ô û:u û:o ! Normal | Ablaut 1 | Ablaut 2 | Ablaut 3 [e.g. lûkan ~ lôk ~ lukun ~ gilokan]
đ:đ đ:d ! Free variation in plural conjugations
ƀ:ƀ ƀ:f ! Normal | Final Devoicing
th:th th:d ! Normal | Grammatischer Wechsel
¹:0 ²:0 ³:0 ⁴:0 !four contexts for Ablaut
₄:0 ₅:0 ₇:0 !three exceptional strong verb classes
%{I%}:i %{I%}:0 !j-infix
%{I%^E%}:i %{I%^E%}:e !i/e in free variation in the stem vowel of the verb 'willian'
%{E%^%A%}:e %{E%^%A%}:a !e/a alternations in dative and genitive
%{O%^%A%}:o %{O%^%A%}:a !o/a alternations in nominative/accusative plural
%{U%^%O%}:u %{U%^%O%}:o !u/o alternations in ô-stem plural
%{M%}:m %{M%}:n !m/n alternation in dative plural
%{NAPL%}:0 %{NAPL%}:u !neuter a-stem plural morpheme; either u (after short stem) or 0 (after heavy stem)
%{%^N%}:n %{%^N%}:0 ! n-archiphoneme surfaces man_u and man_o, not elsewhere
;
Sets
V = a e i o u %{I%} ;
ShortV = a e i o u ;
FrontV = a e i %{I%} ;
BackV = o u ;
Cns = b c d f g h j k l m n p w r s t v w x y z đ ƀ th ;
HighV = i u ;
Rules
! a:b CONSTRAINT_OPERATOR LEFT_CONTEXT _ RIGHT_CONTEXT ;
"Remove morpheme boundary"
%>:0 <=> _ ;
"Final Devoicing"
Vx:Vy <=> _ ( ₄: | ₅: | ₇: ) ( ¹: ) # ;
where Vx in ( b ƀ )
Vy in ( p f )
matched ;
"Plural morpheme iađ~iad" !The verbal plural morpheme iađ is often written iad
đ:d => i: a: _ # ;
"e:i in Umlaut of strong verbs"
e:i <=> _ Cns+ %>: HighV ;
"e:a in Ablaut1 and Ablaut-STR4&5-1" ! werthan ~ warth; neman ~ nam
e:a <=> _ Cns+ ( ₄: ) ¹: ;
"e:u in Ablaut2" ! werthan ~ wurdun
e:u <=> _ Cns+ ²: ;
"e:o in Ablaut3 and Ablaut-STR4-3" ! werthan ~ giwordan ; neman ~ ginoman
e:o <=> _ Cns+ ( ₄: ) ³: ;
"e:â in Ablaut STR4&5-2" ! neman ~ nâmun
e:â <=> _ Cns+ ₄: ²: ;
"e:0 to prohibit clusters"
e:0 <=> _ :e ; !sundia/-ea/-ie
"a:e in Umlaut and Ablaut in Class 7"
a:e <=> _ Cns+ %>: i: ; ! faran ~ feris ; note that this does not apply before [u]
_ Cns+ ₇: [ ¹: | ²: ] (%>:) ; ! haldan ~ held
"a:ô in Ablaut1 and Ablaut2" ! faran ~ fôr
a:ô <=> _ Cns+ [ ¹: | ²: ] ;
"io:iu (Umlaut in present tense)" ! biodan ~ biudu; Class 2 strong verbs
io:iu <=> _ Cns+ %>: HighV ;
"io:ô in Ablaut1"
io:ô <=> _ Cns+ ¹: ; ! biodan ~ bôd
"io:u in Ablaut2"
io:u <=> _ Cns+ ²: ; ! biodan ~ budun
"io:o in Ablaut3" ! biodan ~ gibodan
io:o <=> _ Cns+ ³: ;
"u:a in Ablaut1 (4th class only)"
u:a <=> _ Cns+ ₄: ¹: ; ! kuman ~ kam
"u:â in Ablaut2 (4th class only)"
u:â <=> _ Cns+ ₄: ²: ; ! kuman ~ kâmun
"u:o in Ablaut3 (4th class only)"
u:o <=> _ Cns+ ₄: ³: ; ! kuman ~ gikoman
!î:î î:ê î:i ! Normal | Ablaut1 | Ablaut2 & Ablaut3 [e.g. mîthan ~ mêth ~ midun ~ gimidan]
"î:ê in Ablaut 1"
î:ê <=> _ Cns+ ¹: ;
"î:i in Ablaut 2 and Ablaut 3"
î:i <=> _ Cns+ [ ²: | ³: ] ;
! ê:ê ê:ie ! Normal | Ablaut1 & Alaut2 [e.g. hêtan ~ hiet ~ hietun ~ gihêtan]
"ê:ie in Ablaut 1 and 2 of Class VII strong verbs"
ê:ie <=> _ Cns+ ₇: [ ¹: | ²:] ( %>: ) ;
! ô:ô ô:io ! Normal | 7th class Ablaut1 & Ablaut2 [e.g. hlôpan ~ hliop ~ hliopun ~ hlôpan]
"ô:io in Ablaut 1 and 2 of Class VII strong verbs"
ô:io <=> _ Cns+ ₇: [ ¹: | ²:] ( %>: ) ;
! â:â â:ê ! Normal | 7th class Ablaut1 & Ablaut2 [e.g. lâtan ~ lêt ~ lêtun ~ gilâtan]
"â:ê in Ablaut 1 and 2 of Class VII strong verbs"
â:ê <=> _ Cns+ ₇: [ ¹: | ²:] ( %>: ) ;
! û:u û:ô û:u û:o ! Normal | Ablaut 1 | Ablaut 2 | Ablaut 3 [e.g. lûkan ~ lôk ~ lukun ~ gilokan] Class II strong verbs
"û to ô in Ablaut 1 (Pret 1. 3. sg.) of Class II strong verbs"
û:ô <=> _ Cns+ ¹: ( %>: ) ;
"û to u in Ablaut 2 (Pret pl., 2. sg) of Class II strong verbs"
û:u <=> _ Cns+ ²: ( %>: ) ;
"û to u in Ablaut 3 (Past participle) of Class II strong verbs"
û:u <=> _ Cns+ ³: ( %>: ) ;
"Grammatischer Wechsel"
Vx:Vy <=> _ Vz: ;
where Vx in ( h th h ) !add s~r alternations
Vy in ( g d g )
Vz in ( ¹ ² ³ )
matched ;
"Remove j-infix before a vocalic verbal suffix"
%{I%}:0 <=> _ ( ₄: ) ( ¹: | ²: ) ( >: ) ( ¹: | ²: ) : ;
"Neuter a-stem plural is -u after short stem, zero elsewhere"
%{NAPL%}:u <=> ShortV: ( Cns: ) ( ShortV+ ) _ ; !not working
"Extraordinary declension of *man*"
%{%^N%}:n <=> m a n _ u ;
m a n _ o ;
"optional <hu> for <hw> after before a vowel"
w:u => h: _ V: ;