oftenforgotten

#--------------Linux--------------------

# Find
find .		#searches in current directory
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f  #Finds all files in the current directory but NOT subdirectories

# Sed
grep vs sed		#Cut which lines you want vs Cut out things from the line
sed -E  # regexes
-n # Do not print the input by default.
/p # print only if a replacement was done.


# Grep
grep vs sed		#Cut which lines you want vs Cut out things from the line
grep -wl -E [regex] *.tex			#Grep for the specified expression in all tex files
grep -iwl -E [regex] *.tex			#Grep for the specified expression in all tex files, case insensitive
grep -i #grep case insensitive

# Ripgrep
-F  # raw string literal
-S  # smart case search
-l  # show filenames only
--type cpp #Only C++ files

# Jobs
kill (jobs -p)  # kill running jobs

# Pr
pr -Tm [file1] [file2]      # Output both files in two columns

# Paste
paste file{1,2} | column -s $'\t' -tn     # output both files in two columns

# Tar
tar -xzvf       # Extract a file
tar -tvf        # List the files in a tar.gz archive. z is optional.
-x              # Extract
-c              # Compress
-z              # Gzip
-j              # bzip2
-v              # Visual, i.e. show your work
-f              # File. Not strictly needed, but meh
-t              # List files

# mpv keybindings
j/J     # cycle through subtitles
\#      # cycle through audio tracks
LEFT      # Left arrow moves backwards 5 seconds.
UP  # Up key moves back by 1 min
[   # decrease playback speed by 10%
{   # halve playback speed
<Backspace>     # restore playback speed
<Space>     # Pause
q           # quit
/ and *     # Decrease / increase volume
9 and 0     # Decrease / increase volume
m       # mute
f       # full screen
o       # Show progression bar
l       # adjust A-B loop points
L       # toggle infinite loop
r/R     # adjust subtitles positions
s       # take a screenshot
v       # Toggle subtitle
<   # Go backwards in playlist
.   # Step forward one frame
F9      # show audio/sub streams
i       # show info

mpv --audio-device=help     # Find all audio devices
# In case cannot detect headphones, use this:
mpv --audio-device='pulse/alsa_output.usb-0b0e_Jabra_Link_370_745C4BA6557C011200-00.analog-stereo' 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnif93tJftftkzehpooEI-WrldifzoNgB' --no-video
mpv --audio-device='pulse/alsa_output.usb-0b0e_Jabra_Link_370_745C4BA6557C011200-00.analog-stereo' --ytdl-raw-options=write-sub=,write-auto-sub=,sub-lang=en <youtube-link>



# Rsync
# For full system backup
rsync -aAXH --info=progress2 --exclude={".cache/*",".choosenim/*","node_modules/*","Downloads/SageMath","Downloads/ubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso",".ccache/*",".vim/*",".dotnet/*",".config/Code/*",".nuget/*","ionide/*",".rustup/*",".local/*",".dbus/*"} /home /media/HDD/linux_partition_backup/
## Explanation: -aAX means archive mode
## NO SPACES in between the commas!

# Sort
sort		#sorts any stdin that you want
sort -u		#sorts without duplicates
sort -bgr	#sort according to numerics, in reverse order (most to least impt), ignoring leading blanks

# Combos
find -type f -path "*/hw*/*/cpp"	#Searches everything with a subdirectory hw and is a cpp file
find . -type f -name "*.cpp" -exec grep "vector< *vector< *TableEntry *> *> *\w*;" {} \; | grep -v iter | sed "s/.*([^;]*);/\1/
find -L . -type f -path "*/LATEST/*.cpp" -exec grep "vector *< *vector< *TableEntry *> *>" {} \; | wc -l			# -L follows links, -exec tells you to execute the instruction afterwards
find -L . -type f -path "*.txt" -exec grep "vector *< *vector< *TableEntry *> *>" {} \; | grep -v "&" | grep -v '=' | grep -v "::" | sed "s/\(vector.*vector.*TableEntry.*>\) *\([^;]*\);/\2/"				#This \( \) creates a group, which you can then refer to later using \1 or \2. The ^ in the square brackets means to ignore any item in the group.
find -L . -type f -path "*.txt" -exec grep "vector *< *vector< *TableEntry *> *>" {} \; | grep -v "&" | grep -v '=' | grep -v "::" | sed "s/\(vector.*vector.*TableEntry.*>\) *\([^;, ]*\);.*/\2/" | sed "s/^\s//" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head

# Image magick compression
convert -sampling-factor 4:2:0 -strip -quality 30% [source.jpg] [result.jpg]
~/.scripts/shrink-jpg.sh [inputfile] # Implements the above

# PDF
~/.scripts/shrinkpdf.sh [inputfile] [outputfile]

# stat
stat -c '%y' <filename>   # Last modified time of a file

# du
du -h <filename>       # size of a particular file
du -sh * | sort -hr     # size of all files in a directory
ncdu        # Ncurses based du

# -------------Fish shell----------------------
history     # Command history
history search <stuff>     # Command history

set     # set a variable. Possibilities are:
-U      # Universal. Done only once. Don't put in config
-x      # export this variable
-l      # Local, to block scope
-g      # Global scope
<blank> # If nothing, variables are function scoped

test    # tests the given expression
-lt/ge  # <, >= operators
-n      # tests if a string is nonzero


# -------------gdb----------------------
gdb --tui [file]	#gdb has a tui mode; and in this mode. 
C-s					#enters single key mode
list				#Shows the current source code
disable [breakpt]	#Disables the specified breakpoint by index
x/32w               # Show memory at location for 32 words

# -------------Assembly / Object files----------------------
g++ -g -S -masm=intel -fverbose-asm [file].cpp -o [file].s  #generate readable assembly
objdump -Mintel -x [file].o         # dump an object file (simple)
objdump -C -Mintel -x [file].o         # dump an object file with demangling for C++

# Find dependencies of a binary
ldd <binary>    # To recursively find deps
readelf -d <binary> | grep NEEDED # Read header
strace -e -trace=open,openat <binary> # Run the program and log the dlopen syscalls

# Graphics
xrandr --output eDP-1 --auto --panning 2560x1440 --scale 1.25x1.25 #scaling issues in Linux
xset dpms 0 0 1200      # sets the screen timeout to 1200 seconds (20 min)
xset q                  # Shows the current xset settings

# Keyboard
xev -event keyboard     #Show keys pressed on the keyboard

# Devices & ISOs
sudo mount /location/of/device /location/of/mount/point #Mount a device
lsblk       #Shows the location of devices and their mount points
lsusb       #Shows the output of the USB devices list
sha256sum -c [SHA256SUM file] --ignore-missing # If the SHA256SUM file contains the name of your file
sudo dd if=/path/to/file of=/dev/sda status=progress oflag=sync #Burn ISO to USB
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/HDD       # Mount HDD

# Bluetooth
bluetoothctl  #Runs the CLI for bluetooth
power on
agent on
scan on
pair    [DEVICE MAC ADDRESS]
connect [DEVICE MAC ADDRESS]
connect F4:4E:FD:E0:EF:56 #Bluetooth speaker
 74:5C:4B:5E:62:B3  # Jabra evolve 75


# Apt
apt install --only-upgrade <package-name>


# Where things are
/etc/default/tlp    #TLP config files
/etc/default/grub   #Grub config files
/var/log/apt/history.log    #Contains the data from apt installs

# Misc Terminal
ln -s [Place the link points to] [URL of link]	#Creates a Symbolic link in Ubuntu
<C-z>		#Stops any running process (but does not kill!)
<C-l>       #Clear the page
<C-a>       #Go to start of line
<C-e>       #Go to end of line
bg			#If there is a stopped procedure, run any stopped procedure in the background
cut			#cut the lines vertically
cut -d ')' -f 2		#Cut the lines that have a ) char, print the second one
<<EOF		#Read in a file until EOF is written in text
head *		#Prints the head of everything in the directory
2>&1		#Redirects standard error to standard output
command > out 2>eror	#Redirects stdout to one file and stderr to another
command >out 2>&1		#Redirects stderr to stdout and then redirect stdout to a file
command &> out
utime="$( TIMEFORMAT=%plR;time ./test a 1000 2>&1 1>/dev/null )" #Timing a program to stdout
command > /dev/null 2>&1 &      # Run command in background, with no output


# For fun (6)
sl
apt moo
telnet  towel.blinkenlights.nl
traceroute -m 254 -q1 obiwan.scrye.net
aptitude -v moo

# Android with jmtpfs
jmptfs ~/mnt    # mount device
fusermount -u ~/mnt     #unmount device

# ncmpcpp
u       # Reload database

#------------------------------------APPLICATIONS-------------------------------

#--------------Python------------------
{:02d}.format()     #Formats a number into two digits
break               #Breaks out of a FOR loop (not if)

# Python Virtualenvironments
. venv/bin/activate #Activates the virtual environment
deactivate      #Deactivates the current virtual environment
pip freeze > requirements.txt #Saves the virtual environment
pip install -r requirements.txt #install from requirements

# -------------Vim----------------------
# vim Commands
di(							#in Vim, di( means delete in ()
dt(							#In Vim, dt( means delete to (
"a"ap						#The command pastes the register in a as literal text 
]s							#Navigate around in spellcheck
zg							#Add a word to spellfile
:set ff=unix #this command sets converts the CRLF endings to LF endings for .gitconfig files
vim -o[N]                Open N windows (default: one for each file)
vim -O[N]                Like -o but split vertically
:s/[PAT_1]/\r/g     #Replace all of PAT_1 with a newline
:%normal f;D        #In every line, go to the first semicolon and delete everything after
@:      # Repeat the last command line change
.       # Repeat the last action
%       # On the command line, this refers to the current file
set columns=120         # set window size for writing

# vim plugins: Git-fugitive
:Gdiff              #Starts up the merge window
:diffget //2        #From the merge window, gets the buffer from the target
:diffget //3        #From the merge window, gets the buffer from the merge
:diffupdate         #Updates the merge window
:Glog               # See the diff of the last commit

# vim plugins: ctags
ctags -R *      #Create the ctags file
<C-]>           #Jump to tag under cursor
<C-W> <C-]>     #Open definition in horizontal split 
<C-t>           #Go back up the stack
:ts             #List all definitions of the last tag
:tags           #All tags

# -------------Git----------------------
HEAD    #refers to the current node you are in
HEAD^   #goes back one node
Git show    #Shows the last commit
Git diff [FILENAME]     #tells you the difference between files
git diff [FILENAME] [commit hash]     #tells you the difference between files
Types of git resets:
git reset --soft:   #The staged snapshot and working directory are not altered in any way.
git reset --mixed:  #The staged snapshot is updated to match the specified commit, but the working directory is not affected. This is the default option.
git reset --hard    #The staged snapshot and the working directory are both updated to match the specified commit.
git revert	#undoes changes by creating a new commit
git reflog	#shows all commits, even deleted ones
git rm --cached <filename>			#Removes a file from your staging area
git stash   #Stashes the current working directory and reverts to HEAD
git stash pop   #Retrieves the last stash and pops it. 
git merge <branch ahead> <branch to be merged into> #If one br is specified, it merges into the current working branch by default.
git clean -ndfx     #Remove all untracked files and directories (remove n to do it for real)

##  Git log
-p      # Show all files
-3      # Show all files changed, in last 3 commits
--stat  # summarize changes
--since # show changes sinec a date
--since 2.weeks # show changes since two weeks ago
--since "5 days ago" # show changes since 5 days ago
-S <string>     # show patches only related to function_name

gitk    # graphical viewer for git log history


# ----------Virtualbox------------------
sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=$UID,gid=$(id -g) share ~/host  #How to mount the shared folder

# --------Betterlockscreen--------------
betterlockscreen -u [FILE]  #The default setting is enough for me
betterlockscreen -l dimblur #To lock the screen

# ----------------Tmux------------------
<C-a>n      #Switch to next pane
<C-a>[0-9]      #Switch to numbered pane
<CR>~.      # Exit and kill SSH (ssh) session


# ---------------Github----------------
![Image of Yaktocat](https://octodex.github.com/images/yaktocat.png)    #Embed images in Github
```     # Code block
  # 2 spaces needed after blockquotes
- [x]   #This is a complete item
- [ ]   #This is an incomplete item

# ---------------Ranger----------------
<F7>    #Make new directory
zh      #Show hidden files
o       #Sort
cw      #Rename file
r       #Open with
uv      # Unmark all files

# -------------C++----------------------
constructor: vector v(SIZE, DEFAULT);

##Regex
+				#One or more matches
[^;, ]			#Ignore all of semicolon, comma, whitespace

##ssh
The SSH config file allows you to input several names "Host name" for your files
ssh-agent       #A client that allows you to add ssh keys
ssh-add         #The interface to add ssh keys

##Makefiles
make by default runs the first rule it finds. So, ideally you want make all to be the first rule (by tradition)
.PHONY declares which rules don't actually make a file, and so the compiler won't check for whether clean is up to date or not, it'll just run the command no matter what

## Ubuntu
layout.css.devPixelsPerPx   #1.5 for laptop, 1 for normal
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved;GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true    #/etc/default/grub changes to make it save last boot (see next line)
sudo update-grub    #Updates grub
sudo tlp start      #Updates TLP
nmtui               #TUI interface for connecting to the internet
nmcli device wifi connect [SSID-NAME] password [WIRELESS-PASSWORD] #CLI to connect to the internet
sudo dpkg -i /path/todebfile; sudo apt install -f;    #Install deb file
journalctl -b       # Read boot log messages

## Timezone / timedatectl
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata    #interactive tool
sudo timedatectl set-timezone <timezone>    #CLI tool
sudo timedatectl set-ntp on     # set this to off and on to restart NTP
sudo journalctl -f -eu systemd-timesyncd    # See timesyncd messages, including timeout

#i3 Hacks (that work but aren't pretty)
sudo echo "export GDK_SCALE=2" >> /etc/default/i3_scale.sh; sudo systemctl restart    #For i3, Run this when running out on the laptop. It scales GDK_SCALE by 2, which means apps work better.
$mod+Shift+Space        # Toggle floating mode

## Firefox
http://detectportal.firefox.com/success.txt   #Login to wifi

## Youtube-dl
youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VtmmVQrNcY -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' -x --audio-format mp3 -i 

    # -x --audio-format mp3 // extracts the mp3 file out. requires ffmpee
    # --postprocessor-args '-threads 3' //Use more threads
    # --playlist-start 3 //starts the playlist at 3. 
    # -i //ignore errors
    # -o %%(playlist)s/%%(playlist_index)s - %%(title)s.%%(ext)s // syntax for playlists
    # -o %%(title)s.%%(ext)s // syntax for normal files

## pdftk
pdftk microsoft-job-offer-letter.pdf cat 3-11 output job-letter.pdf     # Crop pages from a PDF document
pdftk [first_file.pdf] [second_file.pdf] cat output [output.pdf]        # Merge any number of files

## Latex
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}     # no indents in paragraph

# Panserver - view markdown in the browser
## this opens a server in the current directory
## Opened it on port 10190 to avoid clashes
python3 ~/panserver/panserver.py > /dev/null 2>&1 &


# Changing DNS
## It is probably most effective to edit it on the router
Manual setup > Change DNS server # D-Link router
nmtui > Edit > TT > IPv4 (Auto) > (add your dns here) && ignore-auto-dns # Linux
Settings > Wifi > TT > Advanced > IP > Static > DNS 1/2 # Android

# DNS servers
8.8.8.8 - Google
1.1.1.1 - Cloudflare
208.67.222.222 - OpenDNS 1
208.67.220.220 - OpenDNS 2

# Querying the DNS server of a website
dig +short [website]
hosts [website]
nslookup [website]

#--------------Windows------------------
# Where to find things
The Windows Path is in C:\Users\Thomas\AppData\Local


##Powershell
Get-ChildItem . | Foreach-Object {
    echo $_.Name 
	echo $_.BaseName //Name without extension
	echo $_.Extension //extension only
}

Get-ChildItem . | Foreach-Object {
	$bn = $_.BaseName
    ffmpeg -i $_.Name -vn -ab 192k "$bn.mp3"
}
mklink /H [Link] [Target]		#Symbolic Link - Windows command prompt (NOT POWERSHELL) Note that link is the link itself, target is the place where the actual file lives

#---------------Clojure ----------------------
## Java:
if (b) {
    return true;
}
(do-stuff here)
return false;

## Clojure:
(or b (do-stuff here))

## Java:
if (!b1) {
    return false;
}
if (!b2) {
    return false;
}
(do-stuff here)
return true;

## Clojure:
(and b1 b2
  (do
   (do-stuff here) 
   true))