diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 779bc0eb..fce72ae1 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # CHANGELOG
 
+## Unreleased
+
+- Throw a helpful error when a callback is passed as the first argument of `configureImageRule()` or `configureFontRule()` instead of being silently ignored
+
 ## 7.2.0
 
 - Migrate internal code to TypeScript, ship package with type definitions (better DX and IDE support!)
diff --git a/lib/WebpackConfig.ts b/lib/WebpackConfig.ts
index 57bc7e8d..a9d5f706 100644
--- a/lib/WebpackConfig.ts
+++ b/lib/WebpackConfig.ts
@@ -1267,6 +1267,12 @@ class WebpackConfig {
         } = {},
         ruleCallback: OptionsCallback<webpack.RuleSetRule> = () => {}
     ) {
+        if (typeof options === 'function') {
+            throw new Error(
+                'configureImageRule() expects an options object as its first argument. To pass only a callback, use configureImageRule({}, callback).'
+            );
+        }
+
         for (const optionKey of Object.keys(options)) {
             if (!(optionKey in this.imageRuleOptions)) {
                 throw new Error(
@@ -1301,6 +1307,12 @@ class WebpackConfig {
         } = {},
         ruleCallback: OptionsCallback<webpack.RuleSetRule> = () => {}
     ) {
+        if (typeof options === 'function') {
+            throw new Error(
+                'configureFontRule() expects an options object as its first argument. To pass only a callback, use configureFontRule({}, callback).'
+            );
+        }
+
         for (const optionKey of Object.keys(options)) {
             if (!(optionKey in this.fontRuleOptions)) {
                 throw new Error(
diff --git a/test/WebpackConfig.js b/test/WebpackConfig.js
index c7ee85d3..63e1e2ca 100644
--- a/test/WebpackConfig.js
+++ b/test/WebpackConfig.js
@@ -1446,6 +1446,14 @@ describe('WebpackConfig object', function () {
                 config.configureImageRule({}, {});
             }).toThrow('Argument 2 to configureImageRule() must be a callback');
         });
+
+        it('Passing a callback as the 1st arg throws a helpful error', function () {
+            const config = createConfig();
+
+            expect(() => {
+                config.configureImageRule(() => {});
+            }).toThrow('configureImageRule() expects an options object as its first argument');
+        });
     });
 
     describe('configureFontRule', function () {
@@ -1487,6 +1495,14 @@ describe('WebpackConfig object', function () {
                 config.configureFontRule({}, {});
             }).toThrow('Argument 2 to configureFontRule() must be a callback');
         });
+
+        it('Passing a callback as the 1st arg throws a helpful error', function () {
+            const config = createConfig();
+
+            expect(() => {
+                config.configureFontRule(() => {});
+            }).toThrow('configureFontRule() expects an options object as its first argument');
+        });
     });
 
     describe('configureWatchOptions()', function () {