diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index ad6d698341a..24308770dbf 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ Bugs fixed
   does not match the language name, such as Chinese (which reuses the
   English stemmer) and Dutch (which uses the Dutch Porter stemmer).
   Patch by Hugo van Kemenade
+* #12871: gettext: Extract indented doctest blocks when ``doctest-block`` is
+  enabled in :confval:`gettext_additional_targets`.
+  Patch by Jared Dillard
 
 
 Release 9.1.0 (released Dec 31, 2025)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/nodes.py b/sphinx/util/nodes.py
index 90c44c6a9c1..7a566389541 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/nodes.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/nodes.py
@@ -177,9 +177,12 @@ def apply_source_workaround(node: Element) -> None:
         )
         node.source, node.line = node.parent.source, node.parent.line
 
-    # workaround: literal_block under bullet list
-    # See: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/4913
-    if isinstance(node, nodes.literal_block) and node.source is None:
+    # Work around Docutils not setting ``source`` on:
+    # - literal blocks under bullet lists (#4913)
+    # - doctest blocks under block quotes (#12871)
+    if isinstance(node, (nodes.literal_block, nodes.doctest_block)) and (
+        node.source is None
+    ):
         with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
             node.source = get_node_source(node)
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-gettext-doctest-block/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-gettext-doctest-block/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04a8923174a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-gettext-doctest-block/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+project = 'test-gettext-doctest-block'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-gettext-doctest-block/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-gettext-doctest-block/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..250ee82f7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-gettext-doctest-block/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Indented doctest block
+======================
+
+   >>> 2 + 2
+   4
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py
index 30798cc5070..8ef5a1762cb 100644
--- a/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py
@@ -325,6 +325,22 @@ def test_gettext_literalblock_additional(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
     ]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext',
+    testroot='gettext-doctest-block',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_additional_targets': ['doctest-block']},
+)
+def test_gettext_indented_doctest_block(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'index.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert get_msgids(pot) == [
+        'Indented doctest block',
+        '>>> 2 + 2\\n4',
+    ]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext')
 def test_gettext_trailing_backslashes(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
     app.build(force_all=True)