feat(styling): vendor scientific, hypsometric-terrain, and radar/satellite colour-map palettes

[MAfarrag]

Context

Cleopatra styles in-memory NumPy fields through named presets in src/cleopatra/styling/data/*.json,
resolved onto matplotlib colormaps at render time. This issue tracks the vendored colour-map palette
expansion delivered by PR #275: perceptually-uniform scientific maps, their hypsometric-terrain variants,
and radar/satellite meteorology colour tables — all addressable by name via DataStyle(style=...) /
cmap=, with no new hard dependency.

Note: the scientific, terrain, and radar palette files also landed independently on main (via
#246 / #287); PR #275 reconciles them and keeps the scrubbed, neutral-source form. This issue documents the
palette set as a whole so the delivered surface is tracked in one place.

Problem / Current Behaviour

Cleopatra shipped only a small built-in/ocean/NCL palette set. It lacked:

• the perceptually-uniform scientific colour maps widely used for scientific figures,
• their land/ocean hypsometric-terrain variants for elevation data,
• standard radar/satellite meteorology colour tables (reflectivity, velocity, IR/water-vapour).

Affected locations

File	Symbol	Notes
src/cleopatra/styling/data/scientific_presets.json	39 palettes	source="scientific", MIT
src/cleopatra/styling/data/terrain_presets.json	3 palettes	hypsometric elevation ramps, MIT
src/cleopatra/styling/data/radar_presets.json	11 palettes	source="nws", BSD-3-Clause
src/cleopatra/styling/colors.py	_PRESET_ASSETS, resolve_colormap	loads the JSON assets; namespaced (":") names
pyproject.toml	[science-colors] extra	optional cmap>=0.7.2, numpy-only aggregator; not a hard dep
tools/build_scientific_presets.py, tools/build_terrain_presets.py, tools/build_radar_presets.py	maintainer-only build tools (local, untracked)

Motivation Example

from cleopatra.glyphs.gridded.array_glyph import ArrayGlyph
from cleopatra.styling.params import DataStyle

# perceptually-uniform scientific map
ArrayGlyph(field).plot(data_style=DataStyle(style="batlow"))
# hypsometric terrain ramp for elevation
ArrayGlyph(dem).plot(data_style=DataStyle(style="elevation_oleron"))
# radar reflectivity colour table
ArrayGlyph(dbz).plot(data_style=DataStyle(style="reflectivity"))

Delivered palettes

• Scientific (39): acton, bam, bamO, bamako, batlow, batlowK, batlowW, berlin, bilbao, broc, brocO, buda,
  bukavu, cork, corkO, davos, devon, fes, glasgow, grayC, hawaii, imola, lajolla, lapaz, lipari, lisbon,
  managua, navia, nuuk, oleron, oslo, roma, romaO, tofino, tokyo, turku, vanimo, vik, vikO
• Terrain (3): elevation_bukavu, elevation_fes, elevation_oleron
• Radar/satellite (11): infrared, infrared_enhanced, precipitation_accumulation, radial_velocity,
  radial_velocity_hires, reflectivity, reflectivity_clear_air, reflectivity_expanded, spectrum_width,
  water_vapor, water_vapor_enhanced

Out of Scope

• Weather/atmospheric composition presets (tracked separately).
• Making cmap / any palette source a hard runtime dependency — palettes resolve from vendored JSON;
  the [science-colors] extra only enables namespaced (cmocean:, cmasher:) lookups.

Effort Estimate

Size: M
Rationale: vendoring + schema-fitting 53 palettes across three sources, loader wiring, an optional extra,
and gallery notebooks.

Definition of Done

• scientific_presets.json, terrain_presets.json, radar_presets.json vendored under the v2 preset schema
• _PRESET_ASSETS loads them; names resolve through resolve_colormap
• optional [science-colors] extra enables namespaced colormap resolution (no hard dep)
• gallery notebooks: scientific_colormaps_gallery, scientific_colormaps_examples, radar_satellite_gallery
• no crameri / vendor-source names in code, docstrings, filenames, or data
• all existing tests continue to pass