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RTL-SDR — user guide

Scottina's RTL-SDR screen turns an RTL2832U dongle into a five-second "what's transmitting nearby?" check: sweep a band for energy, decode real ISM packets and name the device, or grab a raw IQ capture for offline work. The RTL-SDR is receive-only — there is no replay or transmit path anywhere on this screen.

The RTL-SDR tile appears on Home only while the dongle is plugged in (and disappears when you pull it), like the other device tiles. It needs the rtl-sdr tools (rtl_power, rtl_433, rtl_sdr) installed.


The screen

Tap the RTL-SDR tile. Top to bottom:

Control What it does
‹ band › Cycle the preset band (see table below).
"likely:" hint A per-band knowledge note — what typically lives here and how to go deeper.
Results area The spectrum bar-graph (Scan) or the decoded-device list (Identify).
Status line Current phase / peak frequency / decode count.
Scan rtl_power sweep of the band → spectrum + a marked peak.
Identify rtl_433 listens at the band's ISM centre (~6 s) and decodes packets, naming the device. Disabled on bands with no decoder.
Capture IQ Records ~4 s of raw IQ at the peak (or the band centre) to a .cu8 file.

The preset bands

Band Range Identify? Likely traffic
433 ISM 433–435 MHz Gate/car remotes, weather & temp sensors, TPMS, doorbells
315 ISM 314.5–315.7 MHz Car key fobs, garage/gate remotes, TPMS (North America)
868 ISM 868–870 MHz EU ISM: LoRa/Meshtastic (not decodable), meters, sensors
915 ISM 914–916 MHz US ISM: LoRa (not decodable), industrial sensors
FM bcast 88–108 MHz Broadcast FM (listen with rtl_fm)
Airband 118–137 MHz Aircraft AM voice
ADS-B 1089–1091 MHz Aircraft transponders @ 1090 MHz (use dump1090)

"Identify" is only offered where rtl_433 has a decode centre — the other bands show the hint instead and point you at the right dedicated tool.

Reading the results

  • Spectrum (Scan): a bar per frequency slice, taller/greener = more energy. The white vertical line marks the peak; the status line names its frequency. A flat floor means nothing's transmitting in that band right now.
  • Decoded list (Identify): one row per distinct device — the model name (e.g. a weather-station or TPMS type) plus a few decoded fields (id, temperature, battery, button code…). Duplicate transmissions are collapsed.

Every IQ capture is saved

Capture IQ writes to:

/opt/kilodash/captures/iq_<kHz>_YYYYmmdd-HHMMSS.cu8

at 2.048 Msps for ~4 s. Pull it off with the Files screen or over SSH and analyse it in GNU Radio / inspectrum / rtl_433 -r on a laptop. The capture targets the last Scan's peak if you have one, otherwise the band's decode centre.

Typical sessions

"Is my 433 MHz sensor transmitting?" Band 433 ISM, tap Scan — a peak means something's radiating. Then tap Identify; if it's a supported protocol the model and its fields appear.

"What's on the air around here?" Step through the ISM bands with Scan; where you see energy, try Identify to name it.

"Grab a sample for later." Scan to find the peak, then Capture IQ, and open the .cu8 on a laptop.

Troubleshooting

Symptom Fix
No RTL-SDR tile on Home Dongle not detected — check lsusb for an RTL2832U (0bda:2838/2832). Re-seat it.
"No packet decoder for this band" That band (FM/Airband/ADS-B) has no rtl_433 decoder — use the tool named in the hint.
"no known packets — see band note" Nothing decodable was heard in the window. LoRa/Meshtastic on 868/915 is not decodable by rtl_433 by design.
Empty spectrum Nothing transmitting, wrong band, or antenna not connected.
Captures fail Confirm rtl_sdr is installed and the dongle isn't held by another process.