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<html lang="en" data-bs-theme="dark"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="description" content="Introduction to Maj preposition.">
<meta name="author" content="Elucian Moise">
<meta name="keywords" content="sage, code, maj, akara, grammar, preposition, language, conlang">
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<h1>Maj Prepositions</h1>
<div class="alert alert-secondary shadow-sm">
Prepositions are words that are governing and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and express a relation to another word or element in the clause. Maj prepositions are normally 2-3 letters long or sometimes 4 letter long. Prepositions are invariant and can end with vowel or consonant.
</div>
<h2>Dictionary</h2>
<p>To learn easy the prepositions, let's make some categories. Then we analyze some examples for each category. We will do more examples after we learn the nouns and the verbs. We will use this short dictionary to make examples. It is a good idea to learn these words to better grasp the examples.</p>
<div class="row">
<!--first table -->
<div class="column col-md-6">
<table class="table table-sm table-striped table-bordered">
<tr><th width="20%">Maj</th><th>English</th></tr>
<tr><td>xoma</td><td>man</td></tr>
<tr><td>pifa</td><td>platform</td></tr>
<tr><td>cina</td><td>dinner</td></tr>
<tr><td>saga</td><td>story</td></tr>
<tr><td>peza</td><td>prezent</td></tr>
<tr><td>pasa</td><td>past</td></tr>
<tr><td>futa</td><td>future</td></tr>
<tr><td>ueve</td><td>eggs</td></tr>
<tr><td>kesa</td><td>cheese</td></tr>
<tr><td>dgela</td><td>ice creem</td></tr>
<tr><td>tcima</td><td>cinema</td></tr>
<tr><td>bono</td><td>good</td></tr>
<tr><td>karo</td><td>expensive</td></tr>
<tr><td>mana</td><td>hend</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<!--second table -->
<div class="column col-md-6">
<table class="table table-sm table-striped table-bordered">
<tr><th width="20%">Maj</th><th>English</th></tr>
<tr><td>sonu</td><td>to be</td></tr>
<tr><td>venu</td><td>to arrive</td></tr>
<tr><td>zagu</td><td>to tell</td></tr>
<tr><td>vobu</td><td>to speak</td></tr>
<tr><td>diku</td><td>to discuss</td></tr>
<tr><td>doru</td><td>to wish</td></tr>
<tr><td>keru</td><td>to ask/query</td></tr>
<tr><td>sapu</td><td>to dig/digging</td></tr>
<tr><td>noba</td><td>number</td></tr>
<tr><td>roda</td><td>street</td></tr>
<tr><td>marka</td><td>supermarket</td></tr>
<tr><td>kalda</td><td>quality</td></tr>
<tr><td>plaja</td><td>beach</td></tr>
<tr><td>kazma</td><td>spade</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<h4>Examples:</h4>
<ul>
<li>la xoma de la pifa; = the man from the platform.</li>
<li>sa venu ip la cina; = he arrive after the dinner.</li>
<li>ta venu va la cina; = you arrive before the dinner.</li>
<li>ta ci ea sonu miko; = you and I, are friendly;</li>
<li>ta ci ea sonu mike; = you and I, are friends;</li>
</ul>
<h2>Category of Prepositions</h2>
<p>For preposition we have identified this categories:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#com">composition</a></li>
<li><a href="#tim">time, place</a></li>
<li><a href="#dir">direction, movement</a></li>
<li><a href="#age">agent, instrument</a></li>
<li><a href="#rel">relative location</a></li>
<li><a href="#log">logic conjunction</a></li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="com"/>Composition</h3>
<p>Maj can use preposition to represent an object. This technique compensate for the reduced numbers of words available in Maj Lexicon. We describe an object that we see refering to other objects that have a relation. For this we use compositional prepositions.</p>
<h4>ov = about</h4>
<p>We use <em>ov</em> = about preposition to decribe better one noun using another noun. We are using prezent tense that is created using verb "sopu" and preposition: "oi" = now. We will learn letter all the time tense prepositions.</p>
<ul>
<li>ea sopu oi una saga ov la peza = I'm telling a stories about the present</li>
<li>tu sopu oi una saga ov la futa = you are telling tell a story about the future</li>
<li>su sopu oi una saga ov la pasa = he is telling a story about the past<l/i>
</ul>
<h4>ku = with</h4>
<p>We use <em>ku</em> = with proeposition to describe an object that include another object. For example a food wrap that incude some filling ingredient inside. This word is borrowed from Romanian <em>cu</em> that have the same meaning.</p>
<ul>
<li>ea doru be ueve ku kesa; = I with two eggs with cheese.</li>
<li>ea paju una tuta ku coka; = I like a cake with chocolate.</li>
<li>su keru una dgela ku vanila; = he is asking for an ice creem with vanila</li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="tim"/>Time & Place</h3>
<p>We can refer to time and locations using several prepositions. Most frequent:<br>{pe, at, yn} = {on, at, in}. Let's check some examples: </p>
<h4>Place</h4>
<ul>
<li>yn Londa = in London</li>
<li>pe sada Oxford = on Oxford Street</li>
<li>pe sada Oxford at noba be sute ci re = at 203 Oxford street </li>
</ul>
<h4>Time</h4>
<ul>
<li>yn be toze ci bedi = in 2020</li>
<li>pe foro-tepa = on spring</li>
<li>at uora be ku vidi ci vi = at 2:45 </li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="dir"/>Direction & Movement</h3>
<ul>
<li>de la vola-pista = from the airport</li>
<li>de pe tsuga = off the train</li>
<li>de pe kotca = off the car</li>
<li>er Paris = to Paris</li>
<li>ro Paris = through Paris</li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="age"/>Agent or Instrument</h3>
<p>Most common preposition is "ku" = "with" representing an instrument. For agent we use "de" = "by" It can represent a person. However "de" is usually translated as "from". So the author is a source. Usually "de" is floow by "la" for locations and not for agent.</p>
<h4>fragments:</h4>
<ul>
<li>de Mark Twain = by Mark Twain</li>
<li>ku mi mane = with my hands</li>
<li>ku la xama = with the hammer</li>
</ul>
<h4>sentances:</h4>
<ul>
<li>gabu-te ku abe mane = grab yourself with both hands</li>
<li>su sapu ku una baca = he is diging with a spade</li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="rel"/>Relative Location</h3>
<p>In usual conversation often we are looking for something, or describe the location of an object relative to another object. These are some prepositions fulfeel this need.</p>
<div class="row">
<!--first table -->
<div class="column col-md-3">
<table class="table table-sm table-striped table-bordered">
<tr><th width="10%">Maj</th><th width="80%">English</th></tr>
<tr><td>ap</td><td>up</td></tr>
<tr><td>at</td><td>at</td></tr>
<tr><td>pe</td><td>on</td></tr>
<tr><td>os</td><td>out</td></tr>
<tr><td>de</td><td>from</td></tr>
<tr><td>er</td><td>to</td></tr>
<tr><td>ir</td><td>toward</td></tr>
<tr><td>yn</td><td>in</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<!--second table -->
<div class="column col-md-3">
<table class="table table-sm table-striped table-bordered">
<tr><th width="10%">Maj</th><th width="80%">English</th></tr>
<tr><td>jo</td><td>down</td></tr>
<tr><td>ip</td><td>after</td></tr>
<tr><td>ej</td><td>former</td></tr>
<tr><td>jo</td><td>down</td></tr>
<tr><td>ud</td><td>where</td></tr>
<tr><td>ut</td><td>when</ADOd></tr>
<tr><td>va</td><td>before</td></tr>
<tr><td>ro</td><td>through</ADOd></tr>
</table>
</div>
<!--third table -->
<div class="column col-md-3">
<table class="table table-sm table-striped table-bordered">
<tr><th width="10%">Maj</th><th>English</th></tr>
<tr><td>avo</td><td>over the</ADOd></tr>
<tr><td>aki</td><td>here</td></tr>
<tr><td>aka</td><td>there</td></tr>
<tr><td>nax</td><td>close by</td></tr>
<tr><td>iro</td><td>behind</td></tr>
<tr><td>epo</td><td>later</td></tr>
<tr><td>ejo</td><td>beneath</td></tr>
<tr><td>aro</td><td>upward</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<!--forth table -->
<div class="column col-md-3">
<table class="table table-sm table-striped table-bordered">
<tr><th width="10%">Maj</th><th>English</th></tr>
<tr><td>ebo</td><td>on top</td></tr>
<tr><td>fra</td><td>bewtween</td></tr>
<tr><td>gac</td><td>beside</td></tr>
<tr><td>spa</td><td>above</td></tr>
<tr><td>ado</td><td>beyond</ADOd></tr>
<tr><td>ino</td><td>inside</ADOd></tr>
<tr><td>iva</td><td>ahead</ADOd></tr>
<tr><td>dex</td><td>outside</ADOd></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<h4>Examples:</h4>
<ul>
<li>pe la masa = on the table</li>
<li>yn la kasa = in the house</li>
<li>va la kasa = in front of the house</li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="log"/>Logic Conjunction</h3>
<p>Conjunctive preposition is a word used to connect ideas and arguments in a sentence. Conjunction is used when:</p>
<ol>
<li>you have two ideas and you want to connect them in a sentence;</ki>
<li>an idea you have, depends on another idea;</li>
<li>you want to add a new idea into an existing one;</li>
</ol>
<h4>Examples</h4>
<ul>
<li>el sonu karo da zer bono kalda = It’s expensive, but very good quality</li>
<li>noi andu er tcima oc er marka = we go to cinema or to supermarket</li>
<li>Mark ci Alis andu er la plaja = Marc and Alice are going to the beach</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p><b>Read next:</b>
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