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Docker Setup Guide

Quick Start

Build and Run with Docker Compose

docker-compose up --build

This will:

  • Build and start the FastAPI backend on http://localhost:8000
  • Build and start the Next.js frontend on http://localhost:3000

Access the Application

Individual Service Commands

Build Images

# Build all services
docker-compose build

# Build specific service
docker-compose build backend
docker-compose build frontend

Run Services

# Start all services in detached mode
docker-compose up -d

# View logs
docker-compose logs -f

# Stop services
docker-compose down

# Stop and remove volumes
docker-compose down -v

Image Details

Backend Image

  • Base Image: python:3.11.9-slim-bullseye
  • Size: Optimized slim variant (~200MB)
  • Security: Runs as non-root user (appuser)
  • Health Check: Included

Frontend Image

  • Build Stage: node:20.13-alpine
  • Runtime Stage: node:20.13-alpine
  • Size: Multi-stage build optimized (~150MB)
  • Security: Runs as non-root user (appuser)
  • Health Check: Included

Best Practices Implemented

✅ Pinned base image versions (no :latest tags) ✅ Pinned all Python and Node.js dependency versions ✅ Multi-stage build for frontend (smaller production image) ✅ Used --no-install-recommends for minimal dependencies ✅ Non-root user for security ✅ Health checks for both services ✅ Layer caching optimization (dependencies copied first) ✅ .dockerignore for smaller context

Production Deployment

For production, consider:

  1. Use Docker registry to store pinned images by digest:

    docker build --tag myregistry/neuro-backend:v1.0.0 ./Backend
docker push myregistry/neuro-backend:v1.0.0

  2. Reference by digest in docker-compose or orchestration:

    image: myregistry/neuro-backend@sha256:abc123...

  3. Environment variables: Use .env file for production secrets:

    docker-compose --env-file .env.production up

Troubleshooting

Backend service not connecting

  • Check if backend is healthy: docker-compose ps
  • View logs: docker-compose logs backend

Frontend cannot reach backend

  • Ensure backend service name is backend in requests
  • Verify NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL environment variable

Port already in use

# Change ports in docker-compose.yml or run on different port
docker-compose -p myapp up

Cleanup

# Remove containers and networks
docker-compose down

# Remove images too
docker-compose down --rmi all

# Remove volumes
docker-compose down -v