Demo.NestedStructuresStudentGradeInfo.cpp

//************************************************************************
// Author: Rolando Carreon
// Date: apr 24 2025
// Language: C++
// Assignment: Demo
// Description: Program to manage student info uncluding name, grades,
//              and degree program.
//************************************************************************

#include<iostream>
#include<string> // to use getline
#include<iomanip> // to use setprecision
using namespace std;


// define strcutures
struct Name
{
    string firstName;
    char middleInitial;
    string lastName;
};

struct Grades
{
    double homework;
    double midTermExam;
    double finalExam;
};

// nested structure
struct Student
{
    Name studentName;
    string program;
    Grades studentGrades;
};

// use protoypes after strcuts to include them
// function prototypes
// passes the student and name structures by reference
void addStudentData(Student&, Name&);
void printStudentData(Student);
void printGradesAverage(Grades);


int main()
{
    // declare local variables
    Student studentArray[3];
    Name nameEntered;
    
    // display the program purpose
    cout << "This program holds the name, program, and grades of "
         << "3 students\n\n";
    
    // loop to get the name data for the 3 students, then call the
    // addStudent function with the name and get the rest of the data
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        // get the 3 parts of the name
        cout << "Enter the first name: ";
        cin >> nameEntered.firstName;
        
        cout << "Enter the middle initial: ";
        cin >> nameEntered.middleInitial;
        
        cout << "Enter the last name: ";
        cin >> nameEntered.lastName;
        
        // call the function to add the student and get the remaining data
        // taking one element (Array index) , passing to addStudent function
        addStudentData(studentArray[i], nameEntered);
        
    }
    // loop to get the program and grades for the 3 students
    
    // display the students information
    // print the student data
    // for each student, display student array data
    for (Student student : studentArray)
        printStudentData(student);
    
        
    
    
    return 0;
}



// function definitions

// this function will add the name to the student element,then get
// the program and grades information and add them to the student element
void addStudentData(Student& pStudent, Name& pName)
{
    // copy the name to the array element
    pStudent.studentName = pName;
    // not needed as .studentName is a structure that holds firstName
    // pStudent.studentName.firstName = pName.firstName;
    
    
    cin.ignore(); // clear the buffer/ clear the input stream for new input
    // get the program from the user
    cout << "What program is " << pName.firstName << " in: ";
    
    //programs can use mulitple words so we use getline
    // requires #inlcude<string>
    getline(cin, pStudent.program);
    
    
    // get the grade data
    cout << "Enter the Homework, Mid-Term Exam, and Final Exam grades: ";
    // gets stored in the homework element of the grades element in the
    // student element and so on
    cin >> pStudent.studentGrades.homework
        >> pStudent.studentGrades.midTermExam
        >> pStudent.studentGrades.finalExam;
    // alswyas use multple prompts, so user knows what to enter
    // this way comes in handy for reading files
    
    cout << endl;
}


// fucntion to display the student data
void printStudentData(Student pStudent)
{
    
    cout << pStudent.studentName.firstName << " "
         << pStudent.studentName.middleInitial << ". "
         << pStudent.studentName.lastName << endl;
    
    cout << "\tProgram: " << pStudent.program << endl;
    
    cout << "\t**** Grades ****\n";
    printGradesAverage(pStudent.studentGrades);
         
}

//display the average of the grades
void printGradesAverage(Grades pGrades)
{
    // declare local variables
    // use 3.0 to make the answer a double instead of casting later
    double courseAvg = (pGrades.homework + pGrades.midTermExam +
                        pGrades.finalExam) / 3.0;
    
    // set the output formatting to 2 decimals places for percentages
    cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2);
    
    // display the Grades
    cout << "\t    Homework: " << pGrades.homework << endl
         << "\t    Mid-Term Exam: " << pGrades.midTermExam << endl
         << "\t    Final Exam: " << pGrades.finalExam << endl
         << "\t    Course Average: " << courseAvg << endl << endl;
}