diff --git a/src/mpc/change_encryption_scheme.cc b/src/mpc/change_encryption_scheme.cc
index c98c5fa..c5187b7 100644
--- a/src/mpc/change_encryption_scheme.cc
+++ b/src/mpc/change_encryption_scheme.cc
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ Ctxt Change_ES_FHE_to_GM_A::unblind(const Ctxt &c, const FHEPubKey& publicKey, c
     if (coin_) {
         Ctxt d(c);
         
-        PlaintextArray array(ea);
-        array.encode(1);
+        NewPlaintextArray array(ea);
+        encode(ea,array,1);
         ZZX poly;
         ea.encode(poly,array);
         
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ Ctxt Change_ES_FHE_to_GM_A::unblind(const Ctxt &c, const FHEPubKey& publicKey, c
 Ctxt Change_ES_FHE_to_GM_B::decrypt_encrypt(const mpz_class &c, GM_priv &gm, const FHEPubKey &publicKey, const EncryptedArray &ea)
 {
     bool b = gm.decrypt(c);
-    PlaintextArray array(ea);
-    array.encode(b);
+    NewPlaintextArray array(ea);
+    encode(ea,array,b);
     
     Ctxt c0(publicKey);
     ea.encrypt(c0, publicKey, array);
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ Ctxt Change_ES_FHE_to_GM_slots_A::unblind(const Ctxt &c, const FHEPubKey& public
 {
     Ctxt d(c);
     
-    PlaintextArray array(ea);
-    array.encode(coins_);
+    NewPlaintextArray array(ea);
+    encode(ea,array,coins_);
     ZZX poly;
     ea.encode(poly,array);
     
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ Ctxt Change_ES_FHE_to_GM_slots_B::decrypt_encrypt(const vector<mpz_class> &c, GM
         v[i] = gm.decrypt(c[i]);
     }
     
-    PlaintextArray array(ea);
-    array.encode(v);
+    NewPlaintextArray array(ea);
+    encode(ea,array,v);
     
     Ctxt c0(publicKey);
     ea.encrypt(c0, publicKey, array);
diff --git a/src/net/protocol_tester.cc b/src/net/protocol_tester.cc
index c1ed9cb..92a1e67 100644
--- a/src/net/protocol_tester.cc
+++ b/src/net/protocol_tester.cc
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ void Tester_Client::test_fhe()
         bits[i] = gmp_urandomb_ui(rand_state_,1);
     }
     
-    PlaintextArray p0(ea);
-    p0.encode(bits);
+    NewPlaintextArray p0(ea);
+    encode(ea,p0,bits);
     p0.print(cout);
     
     Ctxt c0(*server_fhe_pk_);
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ void Tester_Server_session::test_change_es()
     Ctxt c = read_fhe_ctxt_from_socket(socket_, server_->fhe_sk());
     
     EncryptedArray ea(server_->fhe_sk().getContext(), server_->fhe_G());
-    PlaintextArray pp0(ea);
+    NewPlaintextArray pp0(ea);
     ea.decrypt(c, server_->fhe_sk(), pp0);
     cout << id_ << ": Decryption result = " << endl;
     pp0.print(cout);
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ void Tester_Server_session::decrypt_fhe()
     Ctxt c = convert_from_message(m, server_->fhe_sk());
     
     EncryptedArray ea(server_->fhe_sk().getContext(), server_->fhe_G());
-    PlaintextArray pp0(ea);
+    NewPlaintextArray pp0(ea);
     ea.decrypt(c, server_->fhe_sk(), pp0);
     cout << id_ << ": Decryption result = " << endl;
     pp0.print(cout);
diff --git a/src/tree/m_variate_poly.cc b/src/tree/m_variate_poly.cc
index b1a1c3b..24c2a78 100644
--- a/src/tree/m_variate_poly.cc
+++ b/src/tree/m_variate_poly.cc
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ Ctxt evalPoly_FHE_timing(const Multivariate_poly< vector<long> > &poly, const ve
     
     if (s == 0) {
         Ctxt c = Ctxt(pk);
-        PlaintextArray pa(ea);
-        pa.encode(0);
+        NewPlaintextArray pa(ea);
+        encode(ea,pa,0);
         ea.encrypt(c,pk,pa);
         return c;
     }
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ Ctxt evalPoly_FHE(const Multivariate_poly< vector<long> > &poly, const vector<Ct
 
     if (s == 0) {
         Ctxt c = Ctxt(pk);
-        PlaintextArray pa(ea);
-        pa.encode(0);
+        NewPlaintextArray pa(ea);
+        encode(ea,pa,0);
         ea.encrypt(c,pk,pa);
         return c;
     }
diff --git a/src/tree/tree.hh b/src/tree/tree.hh
index faddb42..2a7a5e8 100644
--- a/src/tree/tree.hh
+++ b/src/tree/tree.hh
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ public:
 static Ctxt ctxt_neg(Ctxt &c, const EncryptedArray &ea)
 {
     Ctxt c_neg(c);
-    PlaintextArray pa(ea);
-    pa.encode(1);
+    NewPlaintextArray pa(ea);
+    encode(ea,pa,1);
     ZZX one;
     ea.encode(one, pa);