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Introduction to Linux

Topics Covered:

  • What is Linux?
  • Why Linux is used in the cloud
  • Linux vs Windows (basic comparison)
  • Linux distributions (RHEL, Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, etc.)
  • Kernel, Shell, Terminal
  • What happens when Linux boots?

My Key Notes

  • Linux is a free, open-source, and Unix-based operating system. It is highly stable and secure.
  • Most cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and GCP use Linux as the default OS for their virtual machines.
  • Compared to Windows, Linux relies heavily on the Command Line Interface (CLI), which provides better control and automation.
  • Popular distributions:
    • RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) – used in corporate environments
    • Ubuntu – user-friendly, good for beginners and developers
    • CentOS, Rocky, AlmaLinux – compatible with RHEL
  • Kernel – the core of the OS that communicates with hardware
  • Shell – the command-line interpreter (e.g., Bash)
  • Terminal – where users input commands
  • Linux Boot Process (in order):
    1. BIOS/UEFI
    2. GRUB (bootloader)
    3. Kernel (OS core)
    4. Init/systemd (first process)
    5. Shell (user interface)

Commands Practiced

uname -r               # Show the Linux kernel version
cat /etc/os-release    # Display Linux distribution info
echo $SHELL            # Show the current shell