fix(Database): Use real idle-timer to prevent lastInsertId being reset on MariaDB/MySQL

The previous implementation of the idle timer runs on a strict 30 second interval and sends a dummy `SELECT` statement to keep the connection open.

This generates issues with the `lastInsertId` on long-running tasks (like our CI pipeline), as the MariaDB documentation clearly states:

> If the last query wasn't an INSERT or UPDATE statement or if the modified table does not have a column with the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute and LAST_INSERT_ID was not used, this function will return zero.

Source: https://mariadb.com/docs/connectors/mariadb-connector-c/api-functions/mysql_insert_id

To mitigate that, this commit now uses a real idle-timer per connection instead.

Assisted-by: ClaudeCode:claude-fable-5
Signed-off-by: David Dreschner <david.dreschner@nextcloud.com>

Author: DerDreschner

lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php

@@ -1656,6 +1656,11 @@
     'OC\\DB\\ConnectionFactory' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/ConnectionFactory.php',
     'OC\\DB\\DbDataCollector' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/DbDataCollector.php',
     'OC\\DB\\Exceptions\\DbalException' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Exceptions/DbalException.php',
+    'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityConnection' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityConnection.php',
+    'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityDriver' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityDriver.php',
+    'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityMiddleware' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityMiddleware.php',
+    'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityNotifier' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityNotifier.php',
+    'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityStatement' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityStatement.php',
     'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\UtcTimezoneMiddleware' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/UtcTimezoneMiddleware.php',
     'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\UtcTimezoneMiddlewareDriver' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/UtcTimezoneMiddlewareDriver.php',
     'OC\\DB\\MigrationException' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/MigrationException.php',

lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php

@@ -1697,6 +1697,11 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OC\\DB\\ConnectionFactory' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/ConnectionFactory.php',
         'OC\\DB\\DbDataCollector' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/DbDataCollector.php',
         'OC\\DB\\Exceptions\\DbalException' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Exceptions/DbalException.php',
+        'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityConnection' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityConnection.php',
+        'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityDriver' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityDriver.php',
+        'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityMiddleware' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityMiddleware.php',
+        'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityNotifier' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityNotifier.php',
+        'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\ConnectionActivityStatement' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityStatement.php',
         'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\UtcTimezoneMiddleware' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/UtcTimezoneMiddleware.php',
         'OC\\DB\\Middleware\\UtcTimezoneMiddlewareDriver' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Middleware/UtcTimezoneMiddlewareDriver.php',
         'OC\\DB\\MigrationException' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/MigrationException.php',

lib/private/DB/Connection.php

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Result;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Statement;
+use OC\DB\Middleware\ConnectionActivityNotifier;
 use OC\DB\QueryBuilder\Partitioned\PartitionedQueryBuilder;
 use OC\DB\QueryBuilder\Partitioned\PartitionSplit;
 use OC\DB\QueryBuilder\QueryBuilder;
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ class Connection extends PrimaryReadReplicaConnection {
 	protected int $queriesBuilt = 0;
 	protected int $queriesExecuted = 0;
 	protected ?DbDataCollector $dbDataCollector = null;
+	/** Seconds the connection may sit idle before the next use re-verifies connectivity */
+	private const CONNECTION_CHECK_INTERVAL = 30;
 	private array $lastConnectionCheck = [];
 
 	protected ?float $transactionActiveSince = null;
@@ -121,6 +124,10 @@ public function __construct(
 		parent::__construct($params, $driver, $config, $eventManager);
 		$this->adapter = new $params['adapter']($this);
 		$this->tablePrefix = $params['tablePrefix'];
+		$activityNotifier = $params['activity_notifier'] ?? null;
+		if ($activityNotifier instanceof ConnectionActivityNotifier) {
+			$activityNotifier->setListener($this->refreshLastConnectionCheck(...));
+		}
 		$this->isShardingEnabled = isset($this->params['sharding']) && !empty($this->params['sharding']);
 
 		if ($this->isShardingEnabled) {
@@ -220,7 +227,7 @@ public function connect($connectionName = null) {
 			$status = parent::connect();
 			$eventLogger->end('connect:db');
 
-			$this->lastConnectionCheck[$this->getConnectionName()] = time();
+			$this->refreshLastConnectionCheck();
 
 			return $status;
 		} catch (Exception $e) {
@@ -902,21 +909,32 @@ public function rollBack() {
 	private function reconnectIfNeeded(): void {
 		if (
 			!isset($this->lastConnectionCheck[$this->getConnectionName()])
-			|| time() <= $this->lastConnectionCheck[$this->getConnectionName()] + 30
+			|| time() <= $this->lastConnectionCheck[$this->getConnectionName()] + self::CONNECTION_CHECK_INTERVAL
 			|| $this->isTransactionActive()
 		) {
 			return;
 		}
 
 		try {
 			$this->_conn->query($this->getDriver()->getDatabasePlatform()->getDummySelectSQL());
-			$this->lastConnectionCheck[$this->getConnectionName()] = time();
+			$this->refreshLastConnectionCheck();
 		} catch (ConnectionLost|\Exception $e) {
 			$this->logger->warning('Exception during connectivity check, closing and reconnecting', ['exception' => $e]);
 			$this->close();
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * A successful round trip proves the connection is alive: pushing the idle
+	 * timer forward keeps the connectivity probe of reconnectIfNeeded() from
+	 * firing between adjacent operations, where its query would reset the
+	 * driver level last insert id on MySQL. Invoked for every driver level
+	 * execution via the ConnectionActivityMiddleware.
+	 */
+	private function refreshLastConnectionCheck(): void {
+		$this->lastConnectionCheck[$this->getConnectionName()] = time();
+	}
+
 	private function getConnectionName(): string {
 		return $this->isConnectedToPrimary() ? 'primary' : 'replica';
 	}

lib/private/DB/ConnectionFactory.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Configuration;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\Listeners\OracleSessionInit;
+use OC\DB\Middleware\ConnectionActivityMiddleware;
 use OC\DB\Middleware\UtcTimezoneMiddleware;
 use OC\DB\QueryBuilder\Sharded\AutoIncrementHandler;
 use OC\DB\QueryBuilder\Sharded\ShardConnectionManager;
@@ -145,9 +146,12 @@ public function getConnection(string $type, array $additionalConnectionParams):
 				break;
 		}
 		$configuration = new Configuration();
+		$activityMiddleware = new ConnectionActivityMiddleware();
 		$configuration->setMiddlewares([
 			new UtcTimezoneMiddleware(),
+			$activityMiddleware,
 		]);
+		$connectionParams['activity_notifier'] = $activityMiddleware->getNotifier();
 		/** @var Connection $connection */
 		$connection = DriverManager::getConnection(
 			$connectionParams,

lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityConnection.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\DB\Middleware;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Middleware\AbstractConnectionMiddleware;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDO\Connection as PDOConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Result;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
+
+final class ConnectionActivityConnection extends AbstractConnectionMiddleware {
+	public function __construct(
+		private Connection $inner,
+		private ConnectionActivityNotifier $notifier,
+	) {
+		parent::__construct($inner);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Kept working for consumers that reach the native PDO handle through the
+	 * deprecated accessor, like SQLiteSessionInit: forwarding is intentionally
+	 * preferred over migrating the callers, as those code paths get refactored
+	 * with the DBAL 4 upgrade anyway.
+	 */
+	public function getWrappedConnection(): \PDO {
+		if (!$this->inner instanceof PDOConnection) {
+			throw new \LogicException('The wrapped connection is not a PDO based connection');
+		}
+		return $this->inner->getWrappedConnection();
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function prepare(string $sql): Statement {
+		return new ConnectionActivityStatement(parent::prepare($sql), $this->notifier);
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function query(string $sql): Result {
+		$result = parent::query($sql);
+		$this->notifier->notify();
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function exec(string $sql): int {
+		$result = parent::exec($sql);
+		$this->notifier->notify();
+		return $result;
+	}
+}

lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityDriver.php

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\DB\Middleware;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Middleware\AbstractDriverMiddleware;
+
+final class ConnectionActivityDriver extends AbstractDriverMiddleware {
+	public function __construct(
+		Driver $driver,
+		private ConnectionActivityNotifier $notifier,
+	) {
+		parent::__construct($driver);
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function connect(array $params) {
+		return new ConnectionActivityConnection(parent::connect($params), $this->notifier);
+	}
+}

lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityMiddleware.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\DB\Middleware;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Middleware;
+
+/**
+ * Doctrine middleware reporting every query and statement execution back to
+ * the owning connection, so the idle timer of the connectivity check can be
+ * refreshed (see \OC\DB\Connection::refreshLastConnectionCheck()). Working on
+ * the driver level covers executions of prepared statements as well, which
+ * bypass the executeQuery() and executeStatement() methods of the connection.
+ */
+final class ConnectionActivityMiddleware implements Middleware {
+	private ConnectionActivityNotifier $notifier;
+
+	public function __construct() {
+		$this->notifier = new ConnectionActivityNotifier();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Hand the notifier to the connection that wants to listen, e.g. via the
+	 * connection parameters.
+	 */
+	public function getNotifier(): ConnectionActivityNotifier {
+		return $this->notifier;
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function wrap(Driver $driver): Driver {
+		return new ConnectionActivityDriver($driver, $this->notifier);
+	}
+}

lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityNotifier.php

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\DB\Middleware;
+
+/**
+ * Relays driver level activity to a listener that can only be registered
+ * after the middleware was created: middlewares are configured before the
+ * DriverManager constructs the connection wrapper that wants to listen.
+ */
+final class ConnectionActivityNotifier {
+	private ?\Closure $listener = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * @param \Closure():void $listener
+	 */
+	public function setListener(\Closure $listener): void {
+		$this->listener = $listener;
+	}
+
+	public function notify(): void {
+		if ($this->listener !== null) {
+			($this->listener)();
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/private/DB/Middleware/ConnectionActivityStatement.php

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\DB\Middleware;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Middleware\AbstractStatementMiddleware;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Result;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
+
+final class ConnectionActivityStatement extends AbstractStatementMiddleware {
+	public function __construct(
+		Statement $statement,
+		private ConnectionActivityNotifier $notifier,
+	) {
+		parent::__construct($statement);
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function execute($params = null): Result {
+		$result = parent::execute($params);
+		$this->notifier->notify();
+		return $result;
+	}
+}

tests/lib/DB/ConnectionTest.php

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\MySQLPlatform;
 use OC\DB\Adapter;
 use OC\DB\Connection;
+use OC\DB\ConnectionAdapter;
+use OCP\IDBConnection;
+use OCP\Server;
 use Test\TestCase;
 
 #[\PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Group('DB')]
@@ -96,4 +99,56 @@ public function testClusterConnectsToPrimaryAndReplica(): void {
 		$connection->ensureConnectedToReplica();
 	}
 
+	public function testSuccessfulQueryResetsConnectivityCheckTimer(): void {
+		$inner = $this->getInnerConnection();
+
+		// Ensure the connection is established before touching the timer
+		$qb = $inner->getQueryBuilder();
+		$qb->select('configvalue')->from('appconfig')->setMaxResults(1);
+		$qb->executeQuery()->closeCursor();
+
+		$property = $this->backdateLastConnectionCheck($inner);
+		$before = time();
+
+		$qb->executeQuery()->closeCursor();
+
+		// A connectivity probe firing between adjacent operations would reset
+		// the driver level last insert id on MySQL
+		self::assertGreaterThanOrEqual($before, max($property->getValue($inner)));
+	}
+
+	public function testPreparedStatementExecutionResetsConnectivityCheckTimer(): void {
+		$inner = $this->getInnerConnection();
+
+		$statement = $inner->prepare('SELECT `configvalue` FROM `*PREFIX*appconfig`', 1);
+
+		$property = $this->backdateLastConnectionCheck($inner);
+		$before = time();
+
+		$statement->executeQuery()->free();
+
+		self::assertGreaterThanOrEqual($before, max($property->getValue($inner)));
+	}
+
+	private function getInnerConnection(): Connection {
+		$connection = Server::get(IDBConnection::class);
+		if (!$connection instanceof ConnectionAdapter) {
+			self::markTestSkipped('Test requires the real database connection');
+		}
+
+		return $connection->getInner();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Make the connectivity check timer stale, but by less than the check
+	 * interval: the probe must not fire, so only actual query activity can
+	 * refresh the timer.
+	 */
+	private function backdateLastConnectionCheck(Connection $connection): \ReflectionProperty {
+		$property = new \ReflectionProperty(Connection::class, 'lastConnectionCheck');
+		$property->setValue($connection, ['primary' => time() - 20, 'replica' => time() - 20]);
+
+		return $property;
+	}
+
 }