diff --git a/.changeset/sync-resource-metadata-title.md b/.changeset/sync-resource-metadata-title.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..662e780e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/sync-resource-metadata-title.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@modelcontextprotocol/server': patch
+---
+
+Keep `title` and `metadata.title` synchronized on `registeredResource.update` and `registeredResourceTemplate.update` when updating metadata alone. If new metadata specifies a `title`, it is synchronized to the top-level property; if new metadata omits `title`, any existing top-level title is preserved in metadata rather than being dropped from resource listings.
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts b/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts
index bfb3b798b0..300205387f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts
@@ -780,7 +780,14 @@ export class McpServer {
                     if (updates.uri) this._registeredResources[updates.uri] = registeredResource;
                 }
                 if (updates.name !== undefined) registeredResource.name = updates.name;
-                if (updates.metadata !== undefined) registeredResource.metadata = updates.metadata;
+                if (updates.metadata !== undefined) {
+                    registeredResource.metadata = updates.metadata;
+                    if (updates.metadata.title !== undefined) {
+                        registeredResource.title = updates.metadata.title;
+                    } else if (registeredResource.title !== undefined) {
+                        registeredResource.metadata = { ...registeredResource.metadata, title: registeredResource.title };
+                    }
+                }
                 if (updates.title !== undefined) {
                     registeredResource.title = updates.title;
                     registeredResource.metadata = { ...registeredResource.metadata, title: updates.title };
@@ -821,7 +828,17 @@ export class McpServer {
                     if (updates.name) this._registeredResourceTemplates[updates.name] = registeredResourceTemplate;
                 }
                 if (updates.template !== undefined) registeredResourceTemplate.resourceTemplate = updates.template;
-                if (updates.metadata !== undefined) registeredResourceTemplate.metadata = updates.metadata;
+                if (updates.metadata !== undefined) {
+                    registeredResourceTemplate.metadata = updates.metadata;
+                    if (updates.metadata.title !== undefined) {
+                        registeredResourceTemplate.title = updates.metadata.title;
+                    } else if (registeredResourceTemplate.title !== undefined) {
+                        registeredResourceTemplate.metadata = {
+                            ...registeredResourceTemplate.metadata,
+                            title: registeredResourceTemplate.title
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
                 if (updates.title !== undefined) {
                     registeredResourceTemplate.title = updates.title;
                     registeredResourceTemplate.metadata = { ...registeredResourceTemplate.metadata, title: updates.title };
diff --git a/packages/server/test/server/resourceMetadataTitleSync.test.ts b/packages/server/test/server/resourceMetadataTitleSync.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a84aa9587c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/server/test/server/resourceMetadataTitleSync.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import type { JSONRPCMessage } from '@modelcontextprotocol/core-internal';
+import { InMemoryTransport, LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION } from '@modelcontextprotocol/core-internal';
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { McpServer, ResourceTemplate } from '../../src/index';
+
+async function initializeAndRequest(server: McpServer, request: { method: string; params?: unknown }): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
+    const [client, srv] = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+    await server.connect(srv);
+    await client.start();
+
+    const responses: JSONRPCMessage[] = [];
+    client.onmessage = m => responses.push(m);
+
+    await client.send({
+        jsonrpc: '2.0',
+        id: 1,
+        method: 'initialize',
+        params: {
+            protocolVersion: LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+            capabilities: {},
+            clientInfo: { name: 'client', version: '1.0.0' }
+        }
+    } as JSONRPCMessage);
+    await client.send({ jsonrpc: '2.0', method: 'notifications/initialized' } as JSONRPCMessage);
+    await client.send({ jsonrpc: '2.0', id: 2, ...request } as JSONRPCMessage);
+
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(responses.some(r => 'id' in r && r.id === 2)).toBe(true));
+    const response = responses.find(r => 'id' in r && r.id === 2) as { result?: Record<string, unknown> };
+    return response.result ?? {};
+}
+
+describe('resource and template metadata title synchronization (#3103)', () => {
+    it('syncs title and metadata.title on registered resource metadata updates', async () => {
+        const server = new McpServer({ name: 'test-server', version: '1.0.0' });
+        const resource = server.registerResource(
+            'docs',
+            'file:///docs',
+            { title: 'Original Title', mimeType: 'text/markdown' },
+            async () => ({ contents: [{ uri: 'file:///docs', text: 'docs' }] })
+        );
+
+        // 1. Initial list advertises title
+        const listResult = (await initializeAndRequest(server, { method: 'resources/list' })) as {
+            resources: Array<{ uri: string; title?: string; mimeType?: string }>;
+        };
+        expect(listResult.resources[0]?.title).toBe('Original Title');
+        expect(resource.title).toBe('Original Title');
+
+        // 2. Metadata update without title preserves existing title
+        resource.update({ metadata: { mimeType: 'text/plain' } });
+        expect(resource.title).toBe('Original Title');
+        expect(resource.metadata?.title).toBe('Original Title');
+        expect(resource.metadata?.mimeType).toBe('text/plain');
+
+        // 3. Metadata update with a new title syncs to resource.title
+        resource.update({ metadata: { title: 'Updated via Metadata', mimeType: 'application/json' } });
+        expect(resource.title).toBe('Updated via Metadata');
+        expect(resource.metadata?.title).toBe('Updated via Metadata');
+
+        // 4. Explicit title update updates both
+        resource.update({ title: 'Direct Title' });
+        expect(resource.title).toBe('Direct Title');
+        expect(resource.metadata?.title).toBe('Direct Title');
+    });
+
+    it('syncs title and metadata.title on registered resource template metadata updates', async () => {
+        const server = new McpServer({ name: 'test-server', version: '1.0.0' });
+        const template = server.registerResource(
+            'items',
+            new ResourceTemplate('items://{id}', { list: undefined }),
+            { title: 'Template Original', mimeType: 'text/plain' },
+            async () => ({ contents: [] })
+        );
+
+        // 1. Initial templates list advertises title
+        const listResult = (await initializeAndRequest(server, { method: 'resources/templates/list' })) as {
+            resourceTemplates: Array<{ name: string; title?: string }>;
+        };
+        expect(listResult.resourceTemplates[0]?.title).toBe('Template Original');
+        expect(template.title).toBe('Template Original');
+
+        // 2. Metadata update without title preserves existing title
+        template.update({ metadata: { mimeType: 'application/octet-stream' } });
+        expect(template.title).toBe('Template Original');
+        expect(template.metadata?.title).toBe('Template Original');
+
+        // 3. Metadata update with a new title syncs to template.title
+        template.update({ metadata: { title: 'Template via Metadata' } });
+        expect(template.title).toBe('Template via Metadata');
+        expect(template.metadata?.title).toBe('Template via Metadata');
+
+        // 4. Explicit title update updates both
+        template.update({ title: 'Template Direct' });
+        expect(template.title).toBe('Template Direct');
+        expect(template.metadata?.title).toBe('Template Direct');
+    });
+});