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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<h2>Research</h2>
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<p>Here you will find a constantly updating list <br>
of my research interests, goals, and accomplishments.</p>
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<header>
<h3>Gravitational waves</h3>
</header>
<p>Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime produced by accelerating masses,
encoding details about the composition and dyanamics of the emitting system. With the recent
detection of a merging binary black-hole system by LIGO (GW150914), we are now firmly in the era
of observational gravitational-wave astronomy.</p>
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<h3>Data analysis</h3>
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<p>Teasing out patterns or signals from data, inferring the odds
with which certain hypotheses are favoured by data, and quantifying
our certainty or ignorance of the properties of the physical Universe
are all the realm of statistical inference. The techniques we need are rich,
diverse and fun. Full disclosure, I am a Bayesian. </p>
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<h3>Pulsar Timing Arrays</h3>
</header>
<p>Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars which emit
a beam of radiation along their magnetic field axis. The misalignment
of their magnetic field axis with their rotational axis is why we call them pulsars -
as the star swings its radiation beam into our line-of-sight we register a brief pulse
of electromagnetic radiation in our detectors. Hence, these pulsars are nature's lighthouses. </p>
<p>A particular breed of pulsars spin around hundreds of times per second. These
millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have such stable and predictable pulse arrival times that we
can use them as natural clocks in the sky. We build up highly accurate models for these pulse
arrival times, then dig into any small deviations of the real arrival times from our predictions.
It is in these deviations (or "residuals") that may lie some fascinating prospects for gravitational-wave
detection.</p>
<p>A background of nanohertz gravitational waves will bathe all the pulsars in our galaxy
with its common influence. This background jiggles the Earth and pulsars up and down, much
like buoys on the surface of an ocean, causing advances or delays in the pulsar arrival times.
If we look for structure in the timing residuals of a pulsar,
and find significant power at nanohertz frequencies, then we might have a clue that a background of
gravitational waves has left its mark. </p>
<p> However sometimes the pulsars themselves can create this structure.
The only way we can unambiguously say that gravitational waves have affected the pulse arrival
times is by observing many pulsars, then correlating the arrival times of the entire ensemble to
look for common low-frequency structure. Such a background of gravitational waves could
be produced by the inspiral of many supermassive black-hole binaries at the centers of recently
merged galaxies all throughout cosmic time. If any of these signals is loud enough then we may be able
to detect it as an individual source. See the options below for further details. </p>
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<h3>NX01</h3>
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<p>I have developed a codebase to perform Bayesian pulsar-timing inference
(parameter estimation and model-selection), which can search for or provide
limits on various determinstic or stochastic gravitational-wave signals influencing
the times of arrival of radio pulses from pulsars. </p>
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<h3>Mapping the GW sky</h3>
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<h3>Black-hole binary signals</h3>
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