diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3869c84c..37804c41 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -904,6 +904,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pkg-config",
  "rofd-core",
  "thiserror 2.0.20",
+ "tiff",
  "zip",
 ]
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 5690f104..e9a7e2d8 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -52,3 +52,4 @@ serde-xml-rs = "0.6.0"
 thiserror = "2.0.20"
 xml-rs = "0.8.27"
 zip = { version = "2.4.2", default-features = false, features = ["deflate"] }
+tiff = "0.9"
diff --git a/crates/rofd-core/src/content.rs b/crates/rofd-core/src/content.rs
index d1e1fc9f..649d0f71 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-core/src/content.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-core/src/content.rs
@@ -1517,10 +1517,15 @@ impl ConversionContext<'_> {
             return Ok(Vec::new());
         };
         if clips.clips.is_empty() {
-            return Err(Error::InvalidStructure {
-                path: self.path.to_owned(),
-                message: "Clips must contain at least one Clip".to_owned(),
-            });
+            // Invoice generators emit empty <Clips/> elements; in lenient mode
+            // treat them as absent instead of rejecting the whole page.
+            if self.document.strictness() == crate::Strictness::Strict {
+                return Err(Error::InvalidStructure {
+                    path: self.path.to_owned(),
+                    message: "Clips must contain at least one Clip".to_owned(),
+                });
+            }
+            return Ok(Vec::new());
         }
         let affected_by_object_transform = parse_object_bool(
             clips.trans_flag.as_deref(),
diff --git a/crates/rofd-core/src/raw.rs b/crates/rofd-core/src/raw.rs
index ec743944..b47d3d60 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-core/src/raw.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-core/src/raw.rs
@@ -109,8 +109,10 @@ pub(crate) struct ResourceRoot {
     /// ano.ofd); every block contributes entries to the catalog.
     #[serde(rename = "Fonts", default)]
     pub(crate) fonts: Vec<Fonts>,
-    #[serde(rename = "MultiMedias")]
-    pub(crate) multi_medias: Option<MultiMedias>,
+    /// Real-world producers occasionally emit several MultiMedias blocks
+    /// (invoice generators); every block contributes entries to the catalog.
+    #[serde(rename = "MultiMedias", default)]
+    pub(crate) multi_medias: Vec<MultiMedias>,
     #[serde(rename = "DrawParams")]
     pub(crate) draw_params: Option<DrawParams>,
     #[serde(rename = "ColorSpaces")]
diff --git a/crates/rofd-core/src/resources.rs b/crates/rofd-core/src/resources.rs
index 0bcc6451..259bea0b 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-core/src/resources.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-core/src/resources.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,12 @@ impl ImageResource {
         self.id
     }
 
-    /// Returns the declared and supported encoded image format.
+    /// Returns the declared encoded image format.
+    ///
+    /// This is catalog metadata only: real-world producers may misdeclare
+    /// formats, so decoding follows the signature-detected format (see
+    /// `rofd_render`'s `detect_format`), and `rofd-render` also consults the
+    /// declared value as a heuristic for JBIG2 diagnostic handling.
     pub fn format(&self) -> ImageFormat {
         self.format
     }
@@ -345,6 +350,12 @@ impl ResourceCatalog {
                     message: "resource catalog declares duplicate Fonts elements".to_owned(),
                 });
             }
+            if strictness == crate::Strictness::Strict && root.multi_medias.len() > 1 {
+                return Err(Error::InvalidStructure {
+                    path: path.as_str().to_owned(),
+                    message: "resource catalog declares duplicate MultiMedias elements".to_owned(),
+                });
+            }
             for font in root.fonts.into_iter().flat_map(|fonts| fonts.entries) {
                 catalog.insert_font(font, &root.base_loc, path)?;
             }
diff --git a/crates/rofd-core/tests/clipping.rs b/crates/rofd-core/tests/clipping.rs
index 2abda779..998b8bd5 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-core/tests/clipping.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-core/tests/clipping.rs
@@ -121,10 +121,29 @@ fn trans_flag_defaults_false_and_accepts_xml_schema_boolean_spellings() {
     }
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn empty_clips_element_is_tolerated_in_lenient_mode() {
+    // Invoice generators emit empty <Clips/> elements; lenient mode treats
+    // them as absent rather than rejecting the whole page.
+    let page = open_page(&path_with_clips("<ofd:Clips/>", "M 0 0")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(path_object(&page).clips().len(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn empty_clips_element_is_rejected_in_strict_mode() {
+    let error = open_page_strict(&path_with_clips("<ofd:Clips/>", "M 0 0")).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(
+        matches!(
+            error,
+            Error::InvalidStructure { ref message, .. } if message.contains("Clips must contain at least one Clip")
+        ),
+        "got {error:?}"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn rejects_missing_or_ambiguous_clip_structure() {
     let cases = [
-        ("<ofd:Clips/>", "Clips must contain at least one Clip"),
         (
             "<ofd:Clips><ofd:Clip/></ofd:Clips>",
             "Clip must contain at least one Area",
diff --git a/crates/rofd-core/tests/resources.rs b/crates/rofd-core/tests/resources.rs
index 5f29c7bf..c79b7cb9 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-core/tests/resources.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-core/tests/resources.rs
@@ -548,3 +548,45 @@ fn duplicate_fonts_blocks_are_rejected_in_strict_mode() {
         Err(Error::InvalidStructure { .. })
     ));
 }
+
+const DUPLICATE_MULTI_MEDIAS_CATALOG: &[u8] = br#"<ofd:Res xmlns:ofd="http://www.ofdspec.org/2016">
+  <ofd:MultiMedias><ofd:MultiMedia ID="1" Type="Image" Format="PNG"><ofd:MediaFile>x.png</ofd:MediaFile></ofd:MultiMedia></ofd:MultiMedias>
+  <ofd:MultiMedias><ofd:MultiMedia ID="2" Type="Image" Format="PNG"><ofd:MediaFile>y.png</ofd:MediaFile></ofd:MultiMedia></ofd:MultiMedias>
+</ofd:Res>"#;
+
+const FAKE_PNG: &[u8] = b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nfake";
+
+#[test]
+fn duplicate_multi_medias_blocks_are_merged_in_lenient_mode() {
+    // Invoice generators emit several MultiMedias blocks in one catalog.
+    let document = open(
+        "<ofd:PublicRes>Res/DupMedia.xml</ofd:PublicRes>",
+        &[
+            ("Doc_0/Res/DupMedia.xml", DUPLICATE_MULTI_MEDIAS_CATALOG),
+            ("Doc_0/Res/x.png", FAKE_PNG),
+            ("Doc_0/Res/y.png", FAKE_PNG),
+        ],
+    );
+    assert!(document.image_resource(1).is_ok());
+    assert!(document.image_resource(2).is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn duplicate_multi_medias_blocks_are_rejected_in_strict_mode() {
+    let bytes = package(
+        "<ofd:PublicRes>Res/DupMedia.xml</ofd:PublicRes>",
+        &[("Doc_0/Res/DupMedia.xml", DUPLICATE_MULTI_MEDIAS_CATALOG)],
+    );
+    let document = Document::from_bytes(
+        bytes,
+        LoadOptions {
+            strictness: rofd_core::Strictness::Strict,
+            ..LoadOptions::default()
+        },
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        document.image_resource(1),
+        Err(Error::InvalidStructure { .. })
+    ));
+}
diff --git a/crates/rofd-render/Cargo.toml b/crates/rofd-render/Cargo.toml
index a1a2f928..b235fca5 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-render/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/rofd-render/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,3 +27,4 @@ pkg-config.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 zip = { workspace = true, features = ["deflate"] }
+tiff = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/rofd-render/src/images.rs b/crates/rofd-render/src/images.rs
index fd0bf7d4..0d595354 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-render/src/images.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-render/src/images.rs
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ enum DecodeFailure {
         resource_id: u64,
         path: String,
     },
+    /// Dead in production since preflight stopped enforcing the declared
+    /// format; kept so `from_error`/`into_error` still cover the public
+    /// [`Error::ImageFormatMismatch`] variant losslessly.
     FormatMismatch {
         resource_id: u64,
         path: String,
@@ -522,14 +525,9 @@ fn preflight(resource: &ImageResource, limits: &ResourceLimits) -> Result<Source
         limits.max_encoded_image_bytes,
     )?;
     let detected = detect_format(resource)?;
-    if detected != resource.format() {
-        return Err(Error::ImageFormatMismatch {
-            resource_id: resource.id(),
-            path: resource.asset_path().to_owned(),
-            declared: resource.format(),
-            detected,
-        });
-    }
+    // The catalog's declared format is unreliable metadata from real-world
+    // producers (invoice generators declaring PNG for JPEG data); the byte
+    // signature is authoritative, so decoding always follows `detected`.
     if detected == ImageFormat::Jbig2 {
         if cfg!(feature = "jbig2") {
             // Page dimensions only exist after decoding, so validation
@@ -577,6 +575,11 @@ fn detect_format(resource: &ImageResource) -> Result<ImageFormat> {
     if bytes.starts_with(b"II\x2a\x00") || bytes.starts_with(b"MM\x00\x2a") {
         return Ok(ImageFormat::Tiff);
     }
+    // Real-world producers occasionally declare classic TIFF for BigTIFF
+    // data; both signatures decode through the `image` crate's TIFF reader.
+    if bytes.starts_with(b"II\x2b\x00") || bytes.starts_with(b"MM\x00\x2b") {
+        return Ok(ImageFormat::Tiff);
+    }
     if bytes.starts_with(b"\x97JB2\r\n\x1a\n") {
         return Ok(ImageFormat::Jbig2);
     }
diff --git a/crates/rofd-render/src/lib.rs b/crates/rofd-render/src/lib.rs
index 53375744..02a25101 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-render/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-render/src/lib.rs
@@ -270,6 +270,11 @@ pub enum Error {
         path: String,
     },
     /// The byte signature does not agree with the catalog's declared image format.
+    ///
+    /// Retained for public-API stability: the preflight stage no longer
+    /// constructs this variant (signature-detected formats are authoritative
+    /// for decoding), but the FFI error mapping and potential downstream
+    /// matches still reference it.
     #[error(
         "image resource {resource_id} at {path} declares {declared:?} but contains {detected:?}"
     )]
diff --git a/crates/rofd-render/tests/images.rs b/crates/rofd-render/tests/images.rs
index b6d4c19a..0fcc4736 100644
--- a/crates/rofd-render/tests/images.rs
+++ b/crates/rofd-render/tests/images.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::io::{Cursor, Write};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
 use std::thread;
 
-use rofd_core::{Document, ImageFormat, LoadOptions, ResourceLimits};
+use rofd_core::{Document, LoadOptions, ResourceLimits};
 use rofd_render::{Error, ImageDecoder};
 use zip::{write::SimpleFileOptions, ZipWriter};
 
@@ -74,6 +74,31 @@ fn decode(bytes: &[u8], format: &str) -> rofd_render::Result<rofd_render::Decode
     )
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn bigtiff_signature_decodes_through_the_tiff_reader() {
+    // BigTIFF (II+\0 / MM\0+) data decodes through the `image` crate's TIFF
+    // reader, whether the catalog declares classic TIFF or anything else.
+    let image_data = vec![64u8; 3 * 2 * 3];
+    let mut bytes = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+    {
+        let mut encoder = tiff::encoder::TiffEncoder::new_big(&mut bytes).unwrap();
+        encoder
+            .write_image::<tiff::encoder::colortype::RGB8>(3, 2, &image_data)
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+    let encoded = bytes.into_inner();
+    assert!(
+        encoded.starts_with(b"II\x2b\x00"),
+        "expected BigTIFF signature"
+    );
+
+    let decoded = decode(&encoded, "TIFF").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(decoded.dimensions(), (3, 2));
+    // The signature also overrides a mismatching declaration.
+    let decoded = decode(&encoded, "PNG").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(decoded.dimensions(), (3, 2));
+}
+
 fn png_header(width: u32, height: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
     let mut bytes = Vec::from(&b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\x00\x00\x00\x0dIHDR"[..]);
     bytes.extend_from_slice(&width.to_be_bytes());
@@ -152,25 +177,14 @@ fn lossless_formats_decode_in_source_orientation_with_opaque_rgba_channels() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn magic_is_required_and_must_match_the_declared_format() {
-    assert!(matches!(
-        decode(PNG, "JPEG"),
-        Err(Error::ImageFormatMismatch {
-            resource_id: 10,
-            declared: ImageFormat::Jpeg,
-            detected: ImageFormat::Png,
-            ..
-        })
-    ));
-    assert!(matches!(
-        decode(JPEG, "PNG"),
-        Err(Error::ImageFormatMismatch {
-            resource_id: 10,
-            declared: ImageFormat::Png,
-            detected: ImageFormat::Jpeg,
-            ..
-        })
-    ));
+fn magic_is_required_and_overrides_the_declared_format() {
+    // Real-world producers misdeclare formats (invoices declaring PNG for
+    // JPEG data); the byte signature is authoritative when the two disagree.
+    let png_declared_jpeg = decode(PNG, "JPEG").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(png_declared_jpeg.resource_id(), 10);
+    assert_eq!(png_declared_jpeg.dimensions(), (3, 2));
+    let jpeg_declared_png = decode(JPEG, "PNG").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(jpeg_declared_png.dimensions(), (3, 2));
     assert!(matches!(
         decode(b"WEBP-not-supported", "PNG"),
         Err(Error::UnsupportedImageFormat {