-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 22
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathusing-python.html
More file actions
666 lines (636 loc) · 31.5 KB
/
Copy pathusing-python.html
File metadata and controls
666 lines (636 loc) · 31.5 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.6.40">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
<meta name="author" content="Your Name">
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2025-04-04">
<title>Best Practices for Python Package Installation in Quarto</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
width: 0.8em;
margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1em; /* quarto-specific, see https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/issues/4556 */
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* CSS for syntax highlighting */
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { line-height: 1.25; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
@media screen {
div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
}
@media print {
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
}
pre.numberSource code
{ counter-reset: source-line 0; }
pre.numberSource code > span
{ position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
{ content: counter(source-line);
position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
border: none; display: inline-block;
-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
}
pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; padding-left: 4px; }
div.sourceCode
{ }
@media screen {
pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
}
</style>
<script src="using-python_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="using-python_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto.js"></script>
<script src="using-python_files/libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="using-python_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
<script src="using-python_files/libs/quarto-html/anchor.min.js"></script>
<link href="using-python_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="using-python_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting-549806ee2085284f45b00abea8c6df48.css" rel="stylesheet" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles">
<script src="using-python_files/libs/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="using-python_files/libs/bootstrap/bootstrap-icons.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="using-python_files/libs/bootstrap/bootstrap-973236bd072d72a04ee9cd82dcc9cb29.min.css" rel="stylesheet" append-hash="true" id="quarto-bootstrap" data-mode="light">
</head>
<body class="fullcontent">
<div id="quarto-content" class="page-columns page-rows-contents page-layout-article">
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<h1 class="title">Best Practices for Python Package Installation in Quarto</h1>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta">
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Author</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p>Your Name </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Published</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date">April 4, 2025</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<section id="introduction" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>It can be tempting to install Python packages inline within your Quarto document (e.g., via <code>pip install</code> in a code chunk). While this <em>works</em> for quick demos, <strong>it’s generally discouraged</strong> for production or long-term research workflows.</p>
<p><strong>Why?</strong></p>
<ol type="1">
<li><strong>Reproducibility</strong>: Inline installs don’t pin versions by default. Over time, libraries may update, causing your code to break or produce different results.</li>
<li><strong>Environment Consistency</strong>: Inline installs only solve part of the environment problem. A collaborator (or your future self) might run the code on a different system or environment and encounter conflicts or missing dependencies.</li>
<li><strong>Performance</strong>: Installing packages on every render can slow things down, especially if you’re using CI/CD or frequently rebuilding the document.</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="quick-demo-inline-installation" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="quick-demo-inline-installation">Quick Demo: Inline Installation</h2>
<p>If you just need a quick test or are sharing a one-off demonstration, you can do something like:</p>
<div id="85879712" class="cell" data-execution_count="1">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> sys</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Inline installation (not recommended for production)</span></span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="op">!</span>{sys.executable} <span class="op">-</span>m pip install requests<span class="op">==</span><span class="fl">2.27.1</span></span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Now it's available within this environment</span></span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> requests</span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="ss">f"Requests version: </span><span class="sc">{</span>requests<span class="sc">.</span>__version__<span class="sc">}</span><span class="ss">"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Collecting requests==2.27.1
Downloading requests-2.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.0 kB)
Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 (from requests==2.27.1)
Downloading urllib3-1.26.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (50 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from requests==2.27.1) (2025.1.31)
Collecting charset-normalizer~=2.0.0 (from requests==2.27.1)
Downloading charset_normalizer-2.0.12-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (11 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from requests==2.27.1) (3.10)
Downloading requests-2.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63 kB)
Downloading charset_normalizer-2.0.12-py3-none-any.whl (39 kB)
Downloading urllib3-1.26.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (144 kB)
Installing collected packages: urllib3, charset-normalizer, requests
Attempting uninstall: urllib3
Found existing installation: urllib3 2.3.0
Uninstalling urllib3-2.3.0:
Successfully uninstalled urllib3-2.3.0
Attempting uninstall: charset-normalizer
Found existing installation: charset-normalizer 3.4.1
Uninstalling charset-normalizer-3.4.1:
Successfully uninstalled charset-normalizer-3.4.1
Attempting uninstall: requests
Found existing installation: requests 2.32.3
Uninstalling requests-2.32.3:
Successfully uninstalled requests-2.32.3
ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.
litellm 1.46.1 requires requests<3.0.0,>=2.31.0, but you have requests 2.27.1 which is incompatible.
jupyterlab-server 2.27.2 requires requests>=2.31, but you have requests 2.27.1 which is incompatible.
Successfully installed charset-normalizer-2.0.12 requests-2.27.1 urllib3-1.26.20
[notice] A new release of pip is available: 25.0.1 -> 25.1.1
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
Requests version: 2.27.1</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:102: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.26.20) or chardet (5.2.0)/charset_normalizer (2.0.12) doesn't match a supported version!
warnings.warn("urllib3 ({}) or chardet ({})/charset_normalizer ({}) doesn't match a supported "</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>This chunk installs a specific pinned version of requests (pinned at 2.27.1). While pinning a version is better than not pinning at all, the overall inline strategy remains less robust than using an external environment file.</p>
</section>
<section id="recommended-best-practice-dedicated-environment" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="recommended-best-practice-dedicated-environment">Recommended Best Practice: Dedicated Environment</h2>
<section id="use-a-conda-environment-example" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="use-a-conda-environment-example">1. Use a Conda Environment (example)</h3>
<p>Create an environment.yml file in the same project folder. It might look like this:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode yaml code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode yaml"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">name</span><span class="kw">:</span><span class="at"> my-quarto-env</span></span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">channels</span><span class="kw">:</span></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">-</span><span class="at"> conda-forge</span></span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dependencies</span><span class="kw">:</span></span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">-</span><span class="at"> python=3.9</span></span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">-</span><span class="at"> requests=2.27.1</span></span>
<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">-</span><span class="at"> pip</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>Instruct collaborators (or your future self) to run:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">conda</span> env create <span class="at">-f</span> environment.yml</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">conda</span> activate my-quarto-env</span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">quarto</span> render installing_python_packages.qmd</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>In your code chunks, just use the packages. For example:</p>
<div id="b1c75679" class="cell" data-execution_count="2">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> requests</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"Hello from requests version:"</span>, requests.__version__)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Hello from requests version: 2.27.1</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="use-a-requirements.txt-if-you-prefer-pipvenv" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="use-a-requirements.txt-if-you-prefer-pipvenv">2. Use a requirements.txt (if you prefer pip/venv)</h3>
<p>Create a file named requirements.txt:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode ini code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="dt">requests</span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st">=2.27.1</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>Create and activate a virtual environment, then install:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">python</span> <span class="at">-m</span> venv .venv</span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">source</span> .venv/bin/activate <span class="co"># (On Windows: .venv\Scripts\activate)</span></span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">pip</span> install <span class="at">-r</span> requirements.txt</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">quarto</span> render installing_python_packages.qmd</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>Again, simply import and use your packages in your .qmd:</p>
<div id="9c87f417" class="cell" data-execution_count="3">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> requests</span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"Hello from requests version:"</span>, requests.__version__)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Hello from requests version: 2.27.1</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="key-considerations-tips" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="key-considerations-tips">Key Considerations & Tips</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pin Versions</strong>: Whether you use conda or pip, explicitly specify versions in environment.yml or requirements.txt. This protects you against unintentional upgrades or backward-incompatible changes.</li>
<li><strong>Document Your Setup</strong>: In README.md (or within the Quarto doc itself), explain how to set up the environment. For example:</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">conda</span> env create <span class="at">-f</span> environment.yml</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">conda</span> activate my-quarto-env</span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">quarto</span> render installing_python_packages.qmd</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Automate via CI</strong>: If you use continuous integration, configure your CI to install your environment the same way. This ensures consistent builds and helps detect dependency issues early.</li>
<li><strong>Avoid Inline Installs in Production</strong>: Inline pip install is convenient but leads to inconsistent and hard-to-reproduce projects when used at scale or in a team environment.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="summary" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li>Inline installation in a code chunk is acceptable for quick demos or ephemeral notebooks.</li>
<li>For robust, long-term, or shared projects, always define your dependencies in an external environment file like environment.yml or requirements.txt.</li>
<li>Pin your versions to ensure reproducible results over time.</li>
</ul>
<p>Thank you for reading! Happy Quarto-ing.</p>
</section>
</main>
<!-- /main column -->
<script id="quarto-html-after-body" type="application/javascript">
window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) {
const toggleBodyColorMode = (bsSheetEl) => {
const mode = bsSheetEl.getAttribute("data-mode");
const bodyEl = window.document.querySelector("body");
if (mode === "dark") {
bodyEl.classList.add("quarto-dark");
bodyEl.classList.remove("quarto-light");
} else {
bodyEl.classList.add("quarto-light");
bodyEl.classList.remove("quarto-dark");
}
}
const toggleBodyColorPrimary = () => {
const bsSheetEl = window.document.querySelector("link#quarto-bootstrap");
if (bsSheetEl) {
toggleBodyColorMode(bsSheetEl);
}
}
toggleBodyColorPrimary();
const icon = "";
const anchorJS = new window.AnchorJS();
anchorJS.options = {
placement: 'right',
icon: icon
};
anchorJS.add('.anchored');
const isCodeAnnotation = (el) => {
for (const clz of el.classList) {
if (clz.startsWith('code-annotation-')) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
const onCopySuccess = function(e) {
// button target
const button = e.trigger;
// don't keep focus
button.blur();
// flash "checked"
button.classList.add('code-copy-button-checked');
var currentTitle = button.getAttribute("title");
button.setAttribute("title", "Copied!");
let tooltip;
if (window.bootstrap) {
button.setAttribute("data-bs-toggle", "tooltip");
button.setAttribute("data-bs-placement", "left");
button.setAttribute("data-bs-title", "Copied!");
tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(button,
{ trigger: "manual",
customClass: "code-copy-button-tooltip",
offset: [0, -8]});
tooltip.show();
}
setTimeout(function() {
if (tooltip) {
tooltip.hide();
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-title");
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-toggle");
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-placement");
}
button.setAttribute("title", currentTitle);
button.classList.remove('code-copy-button-checked');
}, 1000);
// clear code selection
e.clearSelection();
}
const getTextToCopy = function(trigger) {
const codeEl = trigger.previousElementSibling.cloneNode(true);
for (const childEl of codeEl.children) {
if (isCodeAnnotation(childEl)) {
childEl.remove();
}
}
return codeEl.innerText;
}
const clipboard = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button:not([data-in-quarto-modal])', {
text: getTextToCopy
});
clipboard.on('success', onCopySuccess);
if (window.document.getElementById('quarto-embedded-source-code-modal')) {
const clipboardModal = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button[data-in-quarto-modal]', {
text: getTextToCopy,
container: window.document.getElementById('quarto-embedded-source-code-modal')
});
clipboardModal.on('success', onCopySuccess);
}
var localhostRegex = new RegExp(/^(?:http|https):\/\/localhost\:?[0-9]*\//);
var mailtoRegex = new RegExp(/^mailto:/);
var filterRegex = new RegExp('/' + window.location.host + '/');
var isInternal = (href) => {
return filterRegex.test(href) || localhostRegex.test(href) || mailtoRegex.test(href);
}
// Inspect non-navigation links and adorn them if external
var links = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[href]:not(.nav-link):not(.navbar-brand):not(.toc-action):not(.sidebar-link):not(.sidebar-item-toggle):not(.pagination-link):not(.no-external):not([aria-hidden]):not(.dropdown-item):not(.quarto-navigation-tool):not(.about-link)');
for (var i=0; i<links.length; i++) {
const link = links[i];
if (!isInternal(link.href)) {
// undo the damage that might have been done by quarto-nav.js in the case of
// links that we want to consider external
if (link.dataset.originalHref !== undefined) {
link.href = link.dataset.originalHref;
}
}
}
function tippyHover(el, contentFn, onTriggerFn, onUntriggerFn) {
const config = {
allowHTML: true,
maxWidth: 500,
delay: 100,
arrow: false,
appendTo: function(el) {
return el.parentElement;
},
interactive: true,
interactiveBorder: 10,
theme: 'quarto',
placement: 'bottom-start',
};
if (contentFn) {
config.content = contentFn;
}
if (onTriggerFn) {
config.onTrigger = onTriggerFn;
}
if (onUntriggerFn) {
config.onUntrigger = onUntriggerFn;
}
window.tippy(el, config);
}
const noterefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-noteref"]');
for (var i=0; i<noterefs.length; i++) {
const ref = noterefs[i];
tippyHover(ref, function() {
// use id or data attribute instead here
let href = ref.getAttribute('data-footnote-href') || ref.getAttribute('href');
try { href = new URL(href).hash; } catch {}
const id = href.replace(/^#\/?/, "");
const note = window.document.getElementById(id);
if (note) {
return note.innerHTML;
} else {
return "";
}
});
}
const xrefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a.quarto-xref');
const processXRef = (id, note) => {
// Strip column container classes
const stripColumnClz = (el) => {
el.classList.remove("page-full", "page-columns");
if (el.children) {
for (const child of el.children) {
stripColumnClz(child);
}
}
}
stripColumnClz(note)
if (id === null || id.startsWith('sec-')) {
// Special case sections, only their first couple elements
const container = document.createElement("div");
if (note.children && note.children.length > 2) {
container.appendChild(note.children[0].cloneNode(true));
for (let i = 1; i < note.children.length; i++) {
const child = note.children[i];
if (child.tagName === "P" && child.innerText === "") {
continue;
} else {
container.appendChild(child.cloneNode(true));
break;
}
}
if (window.Quarto?.typesetMath) {
window.Quarto.typesetMath(container);
}
return container.innerHTML
} else {
if (window.Quarto?.typesetMath) {
window.Quarto.typesetMath(note);
}
return note.innerHTML;
}
} else {
// Remove any anchor links if they are present
const anchorLink = note.querySelector('a.anchorjs-link');
if (anchorLink) {
anchorLink.remove();
}
if (window.Quarto?.typesetMath) {
window.Quarto.typesetMath(note);
}
if (note.classList.contains("callout")) {
return note.outerHTML;
} else {
return note.innerHTML;
}
}
}
for (var i=0; i<xrefs.length; i++) {
const xref = xrefs[i];
tippyHover(xref, undefined, function(instance) {
instance.disable();
let url = xref.getAttribute('href');
let hash = undefined;
if (url.startsWith('#')) {
hash = url;
} else {
try { hash = new URL(url).hash; } catch {}
}
if (hash) {
const id = hash.replace(/^#\/?/, "");
const note = window.document.getElementById(id);
if (note !== null) {
try {
const html = processXRef(id, note.cloneNode(true));
instance.setContent(html);
} finally {
instance.enable();
instance.show();
}
} else {
// See if we can fetch this
fetch(url.split('#')[0])
.then(res => res.text())
.then(html => {
const parser = new DOMParser();
const htmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(html, "text/html");
const note = htmlDoc.getElementById(id);
if (note !== null) {
const html = processXRef(id, note);
instance.setContent(html);
}
}).finally(() => {
instance.enable();
instance.show();
});
}
} else {
// See if we can fetch a full url (with no hash to target)
// This is a special case and we should probably do some content thinning / targeting
fetch(url)
.then(res => res.text())
.then(html => {
const parser = new DOMParser();
const htmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(html, "text/html");
const note = htmlDoc.querySelector('main.content');
if (note !== null) {
// This should only happen for chapter cross references
// (since there is no id in the URL)
// remove the first header
if (note.children.length > 0 && note.children[0].tagName === "HEADER") {
note.children[0].remove();
}
const html = processXRef(null, note);
instance.setContent(html);
}
}).finally(() => {
instance.enable();
instance.show();
});
}
}, function(instance) {
});
}
let selectedAnnoteEl;
const selectorForAnnotation = ( cell, annotation) => {
let cellAttr = 'data-code-cell="' + cell + '"';
let lineAttr = 'data-code-annotation="' + annotation + '"';
const selector = 'span[' + cellAttr + '][' + lineAttr + ']';
return selector;
}
const selectCodeLines = (annoteEl) => {
const doc = window.document;
const targetCell = annoteEl.getAttribute("data-target-cell");
const targetAnnotation = annoteEl.getAttribute("data-target-annotation");
const annoteSpan = window.document.querySelector(selectorForAnnotation(targetCell, targetAnnotation));
const lines = annoteSpan.getAttribute("data-code-lines").split(",");
const lineIds = lines.map((line) => {
return targetCell + "-" + line;
})
let top = null;
let height = null;
let parent = null;
if (lineIds.length > 0) {
//compute the position of the single el (top and bottom and make a div)
const el = window.document.getElementById(lineIds[0]);
top = el.offsetTop;
height = el.offsetHeight;
parent = el.parentElement.parentElement;
if (lineIds.length > 1) {
const lastEl = window.document.getElementById(lineIds[lineIds.length - 1]);
const bottom = lastEl.offsetTop + lastEl.offsetHeight;
height = bottom - top;
}
if (top !== null && height !== null && parent !== null) {
// cook up a div (if necessary) and position it
let div = window.document.getElementById("code-annotation-line-highlight");
if (div === null) {
div = window.document.createElement("div");
div.setAttribute("id", "code-annotation-line-highlight");
div.style.position = 'absolute';
parent.appendChild(div);
}
div.style.top = top - 2 + "px";
div.style.height = height + 4 + "px";
div.style.left = 0;
let gutterDiv = window.document.getElementById("code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter");
if (gutterDiv === null) {
gutterDiv = window.document.createElement("div");
gutterDiv.setAttribute("id", "code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter");
gutterDiv.style.position = 'absolute';
const codeCell = window.document.getElementById(targetCell);
const gutter = codeCell.querySelector('.code-annotation-gutter');
gutter.appendChild(gutterDiv);
}
gutterDiv.style.top = top - 2 + "px";
gutterDiv.style.height = height + 4 + "px";
}
selectedAnnoteEl = annoteEl;
}
};
const unselectCodeLines = () => {
const elementsIds = ["code-annotation-line-highlight", "code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter"];
elementsIds.forEach((elId) => {
const div = window.document.getElementById(elId);
if (div) {
div.remove();
}
});
selectedAnnoteEl = undefined;
};
// Handle positioning of the toggle
window.addEventListener(
"resize",
throttle(() => {
elRect = undefined;
if (selectedAnnoteEl) {
selectCodeLines(selectedAnnoteEl);
}
}, 10)
);
function throttle(fn, ms) {
let throttle = false;
let timer;
return (...args) => {
if(!throttle) { // first call gets through
fn.apply(this, args);
throttle = true;
} else { // all the others get throttled
if(timer) clearTimeout(timer); // cancel #2
timer = setTimeout(() => {
fn.apply(this, args);
timer = throttle = false;
}, ms);
}
};
}
// Attach click handler to the DT
const annoteDls = window.document.querySelectorAll('dt[data-target-cell]');
for (const annoteDlNode of annoteDls) {
annoteDlNode.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
const clickedEl = event.target;
if (clickedEl !== selectedAnnoteEl) {
unselectCodeLines();
const activeEl = window.document.querySelector('dt[data-target-cell].code-annotation-active');
if (activeEl) {
activeEl.classList.remove('code-annotation-active');
}
selectCodeLines(clickedEl);
clickedEl.classList.add('code-annotation-active');
} else {
// Unselect the line
unselectCodeLines();
clickedEl.classList.remove('code-annotation-active');
}
});
}
const findCites = (el) => {
const parentEl = el.parentElement;
if (parentEl) {
const cites = parentEl.dataset.cites;
if (cites) {
return {
el,
cites: cites.split(' ')
};
} else {
return findCites(el.parentElement)
}
} else {
return undefined;
}
};
var bibliorefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-biblioref"]');
for (var i=0; i<bibliorefs.length; i++) {
const ref = bibliorefs[i];
const citeInfo = findCites(ref);
if (citeInfo) {
tippyHover(citeInfo.el, function() {
var popup = window.document.createElement('div');
citeInfo.cites.forEach(function(cite) {
var citeDiv = window.document.createElement('div');
citeDiv.classList.add('hanging-indent');
citeDiv.classList.add('csl-entry');
var biblioDiv = window.document.getElementById('ref-' + cite);
if (biblioDiv) {
citeDiv.innerHTML = biblioDiv.innerHTML;
}
popup.appendChild(citeDiv);
});
return popup.innerHTML;
});
}
}
});
</script>
</div> <!-- /content -->
</body></html>