03_Classes.md

Object Oriented Programming

Ry uses classes to group data and functions together. This makes it easy to build complex things like characters in a game or UI elements in Ryder.

Creating a Class

You can use the class keyword to create a class. Variables inside a class is called fields and functions are called methods. Constructors are functions that take initialize the class you can create a constructor by creating an init function.

class Player {
  data name
  data health = 100

  func greet() {
    out("Hello ${this.name}")
  }
  func init(data name) {
    this.name = name
  }
}

data p1 = Player("Ryzon")
p1.greet()
# Prints: Hello Ryzon

Inheritance with childof

Instead of extends or :, Ry uses childof. This makes it clear that one class is a child of another.

class Warrior childof Player {
  data shield = 10

  func defend() {
    out("Defending with ${this.shield} shield")
  }
}

The parent keyword

If you wanna call a functions or access data from the parent class, you can use the parent keyword.

class SuperWarrior childof Warrior {
  func greet(this) {
    parent.greet() # Calls Player's greet
    out("...and I am a SUPER warrior!")
  }
}

Static Fields and Methods

These belong to the class itself, not the instance, use the static keyword to make them.

class Player {
  static name = "Ryzon"

  static func greet() {
    out("Hello ${this.name}")
  }
}

Player.greet()
# Prints: Hello Ryzon

Private Fields and Methods

private is a keyword for making fields and methods only accessible inside the class and throws an error if you try to access them outside.

class Player {
  private name = "Ryzon"

  func getName() {
    return this.name
  }
}

data player = Player()
out(player.getName())
# Prints: Ryzon
# out(player.name) Throws an error

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