| Argument |
A value given to a function when it is called |
print("Hello") gives "Hello" as an argument |
| Assignment |
Connecting a name to a value with = |
score = 90 |
| Boolean |
One of the two values True or False |
age >= 18 produces a boolean |
| Branch |
One possible path selected by a condition |
an if or else block |
| Bug |
A mistake that makes code fail or behave incorrectly |
using = instead of == |
| Call |
Asking a function to run |
print(name) |
| Comment |
A note for people that Python ignores |
# price before tax |
| Condition |
A question whose answer is treated as true or false |
score >= 50 |
| Conversion |
Producing a value of another suitable type |
int("25") produces 25 |
| Current working directory |
The folder the terminal and program currently use as their starting location |
shown by pwd or Get-Location |
| Data type |
The kind of value and the operations it supports |
int, float, str, bool |
| Dictionary |
A collection that maps unique keys to values |
{"name": "Maya"} |
| Exception |
A runtime problem that interrupts the normal path |
ValueError from int("ten") |
| Expression |
Code that produces a value |
2 + 3 produces 5 |
| File |
Information saved on storage for later use |
notes.txt |
| Float |
A number type used for values with decimal parts |
19.5 |
| Function |
A named, reusable piece of code |
def greet(...): |
| Hash table |
The internal structure commonly used for fast set and dictionary lookup |
key → hash → storage position |
| Identifier |
A valid Python name |
student_name |
| Immutable |
Unable to change in place |
strings, numbers, and tuples |
| Import |
Making code from another module available |
import math |
| Index |
The numbered position of an item, normally starting at zero |
word[0] |
| Integer |
A whole-number type |
-2, 0, 25 |
| Interpreter |
The program that reads and executes Python code |
started by python, py, or python3 |
| Iterable |
A value Python can visit one item at a time |
a string, list, or range() |
| Key |
The unique lookup part of a dictionary entry |
"name" in {"name": "Maya"} |
| Keyword |
A protected word with special Python meaning |
if, for, def, True |
| List |
An ordered, changeable collection |
[10, 20, 30] |
| Loop |
A structure that repeats instructions |
for or while |
| Method |
A function reached through a value with dot notation |
name.strip() |
| Module |
A Python file containing reusable code |
tax.py |
| Mutable |
Able to change in place |
lists, sets, and dictionaries |
None |
The special value meaning no value is available |
middle_name = None |
| Object |
A Python value together with its type and behavior |
the string object "hello" |
| Operand |
A value used by an operator |
10 and 5 in 10 + 5 |
| Operator |
A symbol or word that requests an operation |
+, ==, and, in |
| Package |
A folder that organises related modules |
an application containing storage.py and main.py |
| Parameter |
A named input in a function definition |
name in def greet(name): |
| Path |
Text or a Path object describing a file or folder location |
data/notes.txt |
| Return value |
A result sent from a function back to its caller |
return total |
| Scope |
The part of a program where a name is available |
a function's local scope |
| Set |
A collection of unique values |
{"python", "sql"} |
| Slice |
A selected part copied from a sequence |
word[1:4] |
| Statement |
An instruction Python can execute |
score = 90 |
| String |
An immutable sequence of Unicode text characters |
"Python" |
| Syntax |
The grammar rules for valid code |
a colon is required after if condition |
| Terminal |
A program where operating-system commands are typed |
run python hello.py here |
| Tuple |
An ordered collection whose slots cannot be changed |
(10, 20) |
| Variable |
A readable name referring to a value |
age = 10 |
| Virtual environment |
A private Python environment for one project |
.venv |