datos_modifiedComa.csv

,snt_id,source_snt,simplified_snt
0,G11.1_2892036907_1,"In the modern era of automation and robotics, autonomous vehicles are currently the focus of academic and industrial research, related to drones.",Current academic and industrial research is interested in autonomous vehicles.
1,G11.1_2892036907_2,"With the ever increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicles getting involved in activities in the civilian and commercial domain, there is an increased need for autonomy in these systems too, related to drones.",Drones are increasingly used in the civilian and commercial domain and need to be autonomous.
2,G11.1_2892036907_3,"Due to guidelines set by the governments regarding the operation ceiling of civil drones, road-tracking based navigation is garnering interest, related to drones.","Governments set guidelines on the operation ceiling of civil drones. So, road-tracking based navigation is attracting interest."
3,G11.1_2892036907_4,"In an attempt to achieve the above mentioned tasks, we propose an imitation learning based, data-driven solution to UAV autonomy for navigating through city streets by learning to fly by imitating an expert pilot, related to drones.","Researchers propose data-driven solutions allowing drones to autonomously navigate city streets, learning to fly by imitating an expert pilot."
4,G11.1_2892036907_5,"Derived from the classic image classification algorithms, our classifier has been constructed in the form of a fast 39-layered Inception model, that evaluates the presence of roads using the tomographic reconstructions of the input frames, related to drones.","The algorithm, based on the Inception model, detects roads using tomographic reconstructions. The Inception model is an extension of classic image classification algorithms."
5,G11.1_2892036907_6,"Based on the Inception-v3 architecture, our system performs better in terms of processing complexity and accuracy than many existing models for imitation learning, related to drones.",The Inception-v3 architecture has better accuracy than many existing models of imitation learning.
6,G11.1_2892036907_7,"The data used for training the system has been captured from the drone, by flying it in and around urban and semi-urban streets, by experts having at least 6-8 years of flying experience, related to drones.","The data used for training the system was captured from the drone over urban streets, navigated by an expert pilot."
7,G11.1_2892036907_8,"Permissions were taken from required authorities who made sure that minimal risk (to pedestrians) is involved in the data collection process, related to drones.",Data collection requires special permission to ensure pedestrian security.
8,G11.1_2892036907_9,"With the extensive amount of drone data that we collected, we have been able to navigate successfully through roads without crashing or overshooting, with an accuracy of 98,44%, related to drones.",The drone can navigate successfully through roads without crashing or overshooting; its accuracy is 98.44%.
9,G11.1_2892036907_10,"The computational efficiency of MAVNet enables the drone to fly at high speeds of up to 6m/sec, related to drones.",MAVNet computational efficiency enables the drone to fly up to 6m/sec.
10,G11.1_2892036907_11,"We present the same results in this research and compare them with other state-of-the-art methods of vision and learning based navigation, related to drones.",The solution is compared with other recent methods.
11,G06.2_2889433965_1,"Recognizing Traffic Signs using intelligent systems can drastically reduce the number of accidents happening world-wide, related to self driving.","If intelligent systems recognize traffic signs, it can reduce car accidents."
12,G06.2_2889433965_2,"With the arrival of Self-driving cars it has become a staple challenge to solve the automatic recognition of Traffic and Hand-held signs in the major streets, related to self driving.","For self-driving cars, we need automatic recognition of traffic and hand signs."
13,G06.2_2889433965_3,"Various machine learning techniques like Random Forest, SVM as well as deep learning models has been proposed for classifying traffic signs, related to self driving.",Machine learning techniques  could be used to classify traffic signs.
14,G06.2_2889433965_4,"Though they reach state-of-the-art performance on a particular data-set, but fall short of tackling multiple Traffic Sign Recognition benchmarks, related to self driving.","They perform well on a particular dataset, but fail on multiple traffic sign recognition test datasets."
15,G06.2_2889433965_5,"In this paper, we propose a novel and one-for-all architecture that aces multiple benchmarks with better overall score than the state-of-the-art architectures, related to self driving.",We proposed a new and better method.
16,G06.2_2889433965_6,"Our model is made of residual convolutional blocks with hierarchical dilated skip connections joined in steps, related to self driving.",This model is based on enhanced convolutional neural networks (a deep-learning approach often used for image recognition).
17,G06.2_2889433965_7,"With this we score 99,33% Accuracy in German sign recognition benchmark and 99,17% Accuracy in Belgian traffic sign classification benchmark, related to self driving.",This model was more than 99% correct on German and Belgian sign recognition datasets.
18,G06.2_2889433965_8,"Moreover, we propose a newly devised dilated residual learning representation technique which is very low in both memory and computational complexity, related to self driving.",This new model is very low in both memory and computational complexity.
19,G06.2_2810968146_1,"We introduce Ignition: an end-to-end neural network architecture for training unconstrained self-driving vehicles in simulated environments, related to self driving.",Ignition is a neural network for training unconstrained self-driving vehicles in simulated environments.
20,G06.2_2810968146_2,"The model is a ResNet-18 variant, which is fed in images from the front of a simulated F1 car, and outputs optimal labels for steering, throttle, braking, related to self driving.","This ResNet-18 variant model receives images from the front of a simulated car and uses them to steer, throttle, or brake appropriately."
21,G06.2_2810968146_3,"Importantly, we never explicitly train the model to detect road features like the outline of a track or distance to other cars; instead, we illustrate that these latent features can be automatically encapsulated by the network, related to self driving.","The model is not explicitly trained to detect road features such as track outline or distance to other cars, as these features can automatically be calculated by the network."
22,G06.2_2890116921_1,"In this paper, we present a transfer learning method for the end-to-end control of self-driving cars, which enables a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on a source domain to be utilized for the same task in a different target domain, related to self driving.","A transfer learning method to control self-driving cars is proposed, in which a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained on one domain then used for the same task in a different domain."
23,G06.2_2890116921_2,"A conventional CNN for the end-to-end control is designed to map a single front-facing camera image to a steering command, related to self driving.",A conventional CNN is designed to map a single front-facing camera image to control a car.
24,G06.2_2890116921_3,"To enable the transfer learning, we let the CNN produce not only a steering command but also a lane departure level (LDL) by adding a new task module, which takes the output of the last convolutional layer as input, related to self driving.","CNN produces a steering command and a lane departure level (LDL, mechanism designed to warn the driver when the vehicle begins to move out of its lane). To enable the transfer learning, a new task module takes the output of the last convolutional layer as input."
25,G06.2_2890116921_4,"The CNN trained on the source domain, called source network, is then utilized to train another task module called target network, which also takes the output of the last convolutional layer of the source network and is trained to produce a steering command for the target domain, related to self driving.",The CNN trained on the source domain is then used to train the target network. It takes the output of the last convolutional layer of the source network and is trained to produce a steering command for the target domain.
26,G06.2_2890116921_5,"The steering commands from the source and target network are finally merged according to the LDL and the merged command is utilized for controlling a car in the target domain, related to self driving.",The steering commands from the source and target network are merged and used for car control in the target domain.
27,G06.2_2890116921_6,"To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we utilized two simulators, TORCS and GTAV, for the source and the target domains, respectively, related to self driving.",Two simulators were used to evaluate the proposed method.
28,G06.2_2890116921_7,"Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other baseline methods in terms of stable and safe control of cars, related to self driving.",The proposed method is more stable and safer for car control.
29,G06.2_2805209921_1,"A significant problem of using deep learning techniques is the limited amount of data available for training, related to self driving.",Limited data available for training affects the use of deep learning techniques.
30,G06.2_2805209921_2,"There are some datasets available for the popular problems like item recognition and classification for self-driving cars, however, it is very limited for the industrial robotics field, related to self driving.","Datasets are available for problems such as item recognition and classification for self-driving cars, but very limited for industrial robotics."
31,G06.2_2805209921_3,"In previous work, we have trained a multi-objective Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify the robot body in the image and estimate 3D positions of the joints by using just a 2D image, but it was limited to a range of robots produced by Universal Robots (UR), related to self driving.",A multi-objective Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was first trained to identify the robot in the image and find 3D positions of the joints using just a 2D image. But this only used robots made by Universal Robots (UR).
32,G06.2_2805209921_4,"In this work, we extend our method to work with a new robot arm - Kuka LBR iiwa, which has a significantly different appearance and an additional joint, related to self driving.",Here we work with a new robot arm - Kuka LBR iiwa which looks very different and has an additional joint.
33,G06.2_2805209921_5,"However, instead of collecting large datasets once again, we collect a number of smaller datasets containing a few hundred frames each and use transfer learning techniques on the CNN trained on UR robots to adapt it to a new robot having different shapes and visual features, related to self driving.",We collect a number of smaller datasets and use transfer learning techniques on the CNN trained on UR robots to adapt it to a robot that looks different.
34,G06.2_2805209921_6,"We have proven that transfer learning is not only applicable in this field, but it requires smaller well-prepared training datasets, trains significantly faster and reaches similar accuracy compared to the original method, even improving it on some aspects, related to self driving.","Transfer learning requires smaller training datasets, learns faster and reaches similar or even better accuracy."
35,G06.2_2897082611_1,"Moral responsibility is a major concern in automated decision-making, with applications ranging from self-driving cars to kidney exchanges, related to self driving.","Moral responsibility is a major concern in automated decision-making, from self-driving cars to kidney transplants. ==========================================================================="
36,G06.2_855132903_1,"In this paper we present queueing-theoretical methods for the modeling, analysis, and control of autonomous mobility-on-demand MOD systems wherein robotic, self-driving vehicles transport customers within an urban environment and rebalance themselves to ensure acceptable quality of service throughout the network, related to self driving.","Queueing models are used for autonomous mobility-on-demand MOD systems. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. In MOD systems,  robotic, self-driving vehicles transport customers within an urban environment and rebalance themselves to ensure quality of service."
37,G06.2_855132903_2,"We first cast an autonomous MOD system within a closed Jackson network model with passenger loss, related to self driving.","We first cast an autonomous MOD system within a closed Jackson network model,a class of queueing network, with passenger loss. ============================================================================"
38,G06.2_855132903_3,"The theoretical insights are used to design a robust, real-time rebalancing algorithm, which is applied to a case study of New York City and implemented on an eight-vehicle mobile robot testbed, related to self driving.",A real-time rebalancing algorithm is applied to a case study of New York City. It is implemented on an eight-vehicle mobile robot testbed.
39,G06.2_855132903_4,"The case study of New York shows that the current taxi demand in Manhattan can be met with about 8,000 robotic vehicles roughly 70% of the size of the current taxi fleet operating in Manhattan, related to self driving.","The current taxi demand in Manhattan can be met with about 8,000 robotic vehicles. It represents roughly 70% of the size of the current taxi fleet in Manhattan."
40,G06.2_855132903_5,"Finally, we extend our queueing-theoretical setup to include congestion effects, and study the impact of autonomously rebalancing vehicles on overall congestion, related to self driving.",Congestion effects are also included to study the impact of autonomously rebalancing vehicles on overall traffic jams. ============================================================================
41,G06.2_855132903_6,"Collectively, this paper provides a rigorous approach to the problem of system-wide coordination of autonomously driving vehicles, and provides one of the first characterizations of the sustainability benefits of robotic transportation networks, related to self driving.",This paper describes the sustainability benefits of robotic transportation networks.
42,G06.2_602340265_1,"In the wake of the on-going digital revolution, we will see a dramatic transformation of our economy and most of our societal institutions, related to self driving.",The on-going digital revolution will dramatically transform our economy and societal institutions.
43,G06.2_602340265_2,"While the benefits of this transformation can be massive, there are also tremendous risks to our society, related to self driving.",But this also presents risks for our society.
44,G06.2_602340265_3,"After the automation of many production processes and the creation of self-driving vehicles, the automation of society is next, related to self driving.",Automation of society is coming.
45,G06.2_602340265_4,"This is moving us to a tipping point and to a crossroads: we must decide between a society in which the actions are determined in a top-down way and then implemented by coercion or manipulative technologies (such as personalized ads and nudging) or a society, in which decisions are taken in a free and participatory way and mutually coordinated, related to self driving.",We must choose either between a society in which the actions are determined top-down by coercion or manipulative technologies (such as personalized ads) or in which decisions are taken freely and cooperatively.
46,G06.2_602340265_5,"Modern information and communication systems (ICT) enable both, but the latter has economic and strategic benefits, related to self driving.","Modern information and communication systems (ICT) enable both, but the latter has economic and strategic benefits."
47,G06.2_602340265_6,"The fundaments of human dignity, autonomous decision-making, and democracies are shaking, but I believe that they need to be vigorously defended, as they are not only core principles of livable societies, but also the basis of greater efficiency and success, related to self driving.","Foundations of human dignity, autonomous decision-making, and democracies are weakening. These core principles of society and the basis of greater efficiency and success need to be defended."
48,G06.2_2895666646_1,"Once self-driving car becomes a reality and passengers are no longer worry about it, they will need to find new ways of entertainment, related to self driving.","Once self-driving cars become reality and passengers no longer worry about it, they will need to find other forms of entertainment."
49,G06.2_2895666646_2,"However, retrieving entertainment contents at the Data Center (DC) can hinder content delivery service due to high delay of car-to-DC communication, related to self driving.","However, high communication delay can slow retrieval of entertainment content from Data Centers (DC)."
50,G06.2_2895666646_3,"To address these challenges, we propose a deep learning based caching for self-driving car, by using Deep Learning approaches deployed on the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) structure, related to self driving.",Self-driving cars can use deep learning caching to address these challenges. It is deployed on the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) structure that moves services from a centralized cloud to the network edges and closer to the customer.
51,G06.2_2895666646_4,"First, at DC, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is used to predict the probabilities of contents to be requested in specific areas, related to self driving.","Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), a type of artificial neural network, is used to predict the content requested in specific areas."
52,G06.2_2895666646_5,"To reduce the car-DC delay, MLP outputs are logged into MEC servers attached to roadside units, related to self driving.","To reduce delay, MLP outputs are sent to MEC servers for roadside units."
53,G06.2_2895666646_6,"Second, in order to cache entertainment contents stylized for car passengers’ features such as age and gender, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to predict age and gender of passengers, related to self driving.",A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to predict passengers’ age and gender to cache adapted entertainment content. =================================================================================
54,G06.2_2895666646_7,"Through this, the self-driving car can identify the contents need to be downloaded from the MEC server and cached, related to self driving.",The self-driving car can therefore identify the contents to be downloaded and cached.
55,G06.2_2895666646_8,"Finally, we formulate deep learning based caching in the self-driving car that enhances entertainment services as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize content downloading delay, related to self driving.",Deep learning caching is formulated for the self-driving car to enhance entertainment services and minimize content downloading delay.
56,G06.2_2895666646_9,"To solve the formulated problem, a Block Successive Majorization-Minimization (BS-MM) technique is applied, related to self driving.",A Block Successive Majorization-Minimization (BS-MM) technique solves the problem.
57,G06.2_2895666646_10,"The simulation results show that the accuracy of our prediction for the contents need to be cached in the areas of the self-driving car is achieved at 98,04% and our approach can minimize delay, related to self driving.",Prediction accuracy was 98.04% for contents to be cached for self-driving cars. Such an approach can minimize delay.
58,G06.2_2891558151_1,"This paper describes the design, implementation, and successful use of the Bristol Stock Exchange (BSE), a novel minimal simulation of a centralised financial market, based on a Limit Order Book (LOB) such as is common in major stock exchanges, related to self driving.","This paper describes the Bristol Stock Exchange (BSE), a minimal simulation of a centralised financial market based on a Limit Order Book (LOB), a type of order to buy or sell a security at a specific price or better."
59,G06.2_2891558151_2,"Construction of BSE was motivated by the fact that most of the world’s major financial markets have automated, with trading activity that previously was the responsibility of human traders now being performed by high-speed autonomous automated trading systems, related to self driving.",BSE was built because most of the financial markets became automated.
60,G06.2_2891558151_3,"Research aimed at understanding the dynamics of this new style of financial market is hampered by the fact that no operational real-world exchange is ever likely to allow experimental probing of that market while it is open and running live, forcing researchers to work primarily from time-series of past trading data, related to self driving.",Research tries to understand the dynamics of this automated financial markets but
61,G06.2_2891558151_4,"Similarly, university-level education of the engineers who can create next-generation automated trading systems requires that they have hands-on learning experience in a sufficiently realistic teaching environment, related to self driving.",Trainee engineers also need a realistic learning experience to build automated trading systems.
62,G06.2_2891558151_5,"BSE as described here addresses both those needs: it has been successfully used for teaching and research in a leading UK university since 2012, and the BSE program code is freely available as open-source on GitHuB, related to self driving.",BSE has been successfully used for both teaching and research since 2012. BSE code is freely available on GitHuB.
63,G06.2_2801562232_1,"This paper provides a holistic study of how stock prices vary in their response to financial disclosures across different topics, related to self driving.",This paper studies how stock prices vary with financial disclosures.
64,G06.2_2801562232_2,"Thereby, we specifically shed light into the extensive amount of filings for which no a priori categorization of their content exists, related to self driving.",We particularly study the many uncategorized filings.
65,G06.2_2801562232_3,"For this purpose, we utilize an approach from data mining - namely, latent Dirichlet allocation - as a means of topic modeling, related to self driving.",We use latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling.
66,G06.2_2801562232_4,"This technique facilitates our task of automatically categorizing, ex ante, the content of more than 70,000 regulatory 8-K filings from U,S, companies, related to self driving.","This helps automatically predict the categories based on the content of 70,000 regulatory 8-K filings from U.S. companies, which announce significant events relevant to shareholders."
67,G06.2_2801562232_5,"We then evaluate the subsequent stock market reaction, related to self driving.",We then evaluate the stock market reaction.
68,G06.2_2801562232_6,"Our empirical evidence suggests a considerable discrepancy among various types of news stories in terms of their relevance and impact on financial markets, related to self driving.",Evidence suggests a large difference among types of news stories in relevance and impact on financial markets.
69,G06.2_2801562232_7,"For instance, we find a statistically significant abnormal return in response to earnings results and credit rating, but also for disclosures regarding business strategy, the health sector, as well as mergers and acquisitions, related to self driving.","For example, we find unusual returns in response to disclosures about earnings results, credit rating, business strategy, the health sector, mergers and acquisitions."
70,G06.2_2801562232_8,"Our results yield findings that benefit managers, investors and policy-makers by indicating how regulatory filings should be structured and the topics most likely to precede changes in stock valuations, related to self driving.","Our results are useful for managers, investors and policy-makers. They show how to structure regulatory filings and which topics influence stock valuations."
71,G06.2_835365303_1,"This paper addresses the financial markets problem space with particular emphasis on trading systems seen in banking today, related to self driving.",This paper addresses problems of trading systems in banking. ==============================================================================
72,G06.2_835365303_2,"With the advent of modern computing, cross-regional trading transactions can now be executed within milliseconds, a reality that is impossible without the advancements of software systems technology, related to self driving.",Modern computing allows cross-regional trading transactions within milliseconds.
73,G06.2_835365303_3,"We then move on and discuss the anatomy of a trading system and how it fits in with the banks ecosystem of vital inter-working components, related to self driving.",We then discuss how a trading system fits in with the bank ecosystem. ==============================================================================
74,G06.2_2888477402_1,"As for the humanoid robots, the internal noise, which is generated by motors, fans and mechanical components when the robot is moving or shaking its body, severely degrades the performance of the speech recognition accuracy, related to self driving.","Internal noise generated by motors, fans and mechanical components severely decreases speech recognition accuracy, when the humanoid robot is moving or shaking its body."
75,G06.2_2888477402_2,"In this paper, a novel speech recognition system robust to ego-noise for humanoid robots is proposed, in which on/off state of the motor is employed as auxiliary information for finding the relevant input features, related to self driving.",This paper presents a novel speech recognition system robust to ego-noise for humanoid robots. On/off state of the motor is used to find relevant input features.
76,G06.2_2888477402_3,"For this, we consider the bottleneck features, which have been successfully applied to deep neural network (DNN) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, related to self driving.",Bottleneck features have been successfully applied to automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on deep neural networks (DNN).
77,G06.2_2888477402_4,"When learning the bottleneck features to catch, we first exploit the motor on/off state data as supplementary information in addition to the acoustic features as the input of the first deep neural network (DNN) for preliminary acoustic modeling, related to self driving.",The motor on/off state data and acoustic features are used as the input of the first deep neural network (DNN) for preliminary acoustic modeling.
78,G06.2_2888477402_5,"Then, the second DNN for primary acoustic modeling employs both the bottleneck features tossed from the first DNN and the acoustics features, related to self driving.",The second DNN for primary acoustic modeling uses both bottleneck features from the first DNN and acoustic ones.
79,G06.2_2888477402_6,"When the proposed method is evaluated in terms of phoneme error rate (PER) on TIMIT database, the experimental results show that achieve obvious improvement (11% relative) is achieved by our algorithm over the conventional systems, related to self driving.","The proposed method is evaluated in terms of phoneme error rate (PER) on TIMIT database, experimental results show that improvement (11% relative) is achieved by our algorithm over the conventional systems."
80,G06.2_89451762_1,"Many model based techniques have been proposed in the literature for applying domestic service tasks on humanoid robots, such as teleoperation, learning from demonstration and imitation, related to self driving.","Model based techniques exist to apply domestic service tasks on humanoid robots, such as teleoperation, learning from demonstration and imitation."
81,G06.2_89451762_2,"However sensor based robot control overcomes many of the difficulties of uncertain models and unknown environments which limit the domain of application of the previous methods, related to self driving.",Sensor based robot control overcomes difficulties of uncertain models and unknown environments.
82,G06.2_89451762_3,"Furthermore, for service and manipulation tasks, it is more suitable to study the interaction between the robot and its environment at the contact point using the sensor based control, rather than specifying the joint positions and velocities required to achieve them, related to self driving.",Interaction between the robot and its environment using the sensor based control is important.
83,G07.1_2888100547_1,"Online social media provide users with unprecedented opportunities to engage with diverse opinions, related to misinformation.",Social media give users opportunities to interact with different opinions.
84,G07.1_2888100547_2,"Simultaneously, they allow the spread of misinformation by empowering individuals to self-select the narratives they want to be exposed to, both through active (confirmation bias) and passive (personalized news algorithms) self-reinforcing mechanisms, related to misinformation.",But misinformation is spread via social media because individuals can search for information that confirms their beliefs and personalized news algorithms may supply it.
85,G07.1_2888100547_3,"A precise theoretical understanding of such trade-offs is still largely missing, related to misinformation.",Theoretical understanding of the balance between opportunities and misinformation is incomplete.
86,G07.1_2888100547_4,"We introduce a stylized social learning model where most participants in a network update their beliefs unbiasedly based on the arrival of new information, while a fraction of participants display confirmation bias, enabling them to reject news that are incongruent with their pre-existing beliefs, related to misinformation.","We introduce a stylized social learning model. In this model, most participants in a network update their beliefs based on new information, while others show confirmation bias and can reject news that differs from their beliefs."
87,G07.1_2888100547_5,"We show that this simple confirmation bias mechanism can generate permanent opinion polarisation, related to misinformation.",This simple confirmation bias mechanism can create lasting opinion polarisation.
88,G07.1_2888100547_6,"Furthermore, the model results in states where unbiased agents behave ""as if"" they were biased, due to their biased neighbours effectively functioning as gatekeepers, restricting their access to free and diverse information, related to misinformation.","Besides, in the model, unbiased people behave “as if” biased because biased neighbours limit their access to diverse information."
89,G07.1_2888100547_7,"We derive analytic results for the distribution of individual agents’ beliefs, explicitly demonstrating the aforementioned trade-off between confirmation bias and social connectivity, which we further validate against US county-level data on the impact of Internet access on the formation of beliefs about global warming, related to misinformation.","With our model, we show the trade-off between confirmation bias and social connectivity. We validated the model using the data on how internet access influences beliefs on global warming."
90,G07.1_2888100547_8,"Our findings indicate that confirmation bias in small doses may actually result in improved accuracy across individuals by preserving information diversity in a social network, related to misinformation.",Small confirmation bias may even improve accuracy across individuals by keeping information diversity in a social network.
91,G07.1_2888100547_9,"However, results also indicate that when confirmation bias grows past an optimal value, accuracy declines as biased agents restrict information flow to subgroups, related to misinformation.",But large confirmation bias lowers accuracy as biased individuals limit information flow to others.
92,G07.1_2888100547_10,"We discuss the policy implications of our model, highlighting the downside of debunking strategies and suggesting alternative strategies to contrast misinformation, related to misinformation.",We discuss the meaning of our model for policy and the downsides of myth-busting We suggest alternatives to fight misinformation.
93,G07.1_2803622358_1,"The advent of WWW changed the way we can produce and access information, related to misinformation.",The WWW changed the ways we can produce and access information.
94,G07.1_2803622358_2,"Recent studies showed that users tend to select information that is consistent with their system of beliefs, forming polarized groups of like-minded people around shared narratives where dissenting information is ignored, related to misinformation.",Users tend to select information that agrees with their beliefs. They form polarized groups of like-minded people sharing narratives that ignore contradicting information.
95,G07.1_2803622358_3,"In this environment, users cooperate to frame and reinforce their shared narrative making any attempt at debunking inefficient, related to misinformation.","Here, users reinforce their shared narratives and can resist debunking"
96,G07.1_2803622358_4,"Such a configuration occurs even in the consumption of news online, and considering that 63% of users access news directly form social media, one hypothesis is that more polarization allows for further spreading of misinformation, related to misinformation.","This is the case with online news. Because 63% of users access news from social media, polarization could increase misinfomation spread."
97,G07.1_2803622358_5,"Along this path, we focus on the polarization of users around news outlets on Facebook in different European countries (Italy, France, Spain and Germany), related to misinformation.",We focus on polarisation of Facebook news consumers in different European countries.
98,G07.1_2803622358_6,"First, we compare the page posting behavior and the users interacting patterns across countries and observe different posting, liking and commenting rates, related to misinformation.","Posting, liking and commenting rates differ across countries."
99,G07.1_2803622358_7,"Second, we explore the tendency of users to interact with different pages (i,e,, selective exposure) and the emergence of polarized communities generated around specific pages, related to misinformation.",We look at how users interact with different pages and polarized communities form around specific pages.
100,G07.1_2803622367_1,"We find that Italy is the most polarized country, followed by France, Germany and lastly Spain, related to misinformation.","Italy is the most polarized country, then France, Germany and Spain."
101,G07.1_2803622367_2,"Finally, we present a variation of the Bounded Confidence Model to simulate the emergence of these communities by considering the usersu0027 engagement and trust on the news, related to misinformation.",A variant of the Bounded Confidence Model simulates the emergence of these communities by considering user engagement and trust in the news.
102,G07.1_2803622367_3,"Our findings suggest that trust in information broadcaster plays a pivotal role against polarization of users online, related to misinformation.",Trust in an information source plays a major role against polarization of users online.
103,G08.1_2898599358_1,"For decentralised P2P networks, it is very important to have a mechanism in place that allows the nodes to control resource usage and prevent flooding and denial-of-service attacks with spam, related to cryptocurrency.",In decentralised P2P networks nodes need a way  to control resource usage and prevent flooding and denial-of-service attacks.
104,G08.1_2898599358_2,"In this paper, we discuss and compare the different approaches to fully decentralised resource control that are used by projects in the cryptocurrency space, related to cryptocurrency.",We compared different approaches to decentralised resource control in cryptocurrency projects.
105,G08.1_2898599358_3,"The introduced methods are then applied to design a decentralised exchange for Namecoin names (or more generally, crypto assets) as an example, related to cryptocurrency.","We designed a decentralised exchange for crypto assets, for  example Namecoin names, with these methods."
106,G08.1_2889349357_1,"With the introduction of memory-bound cryptocurrencies, such as Monero, the implementation of mining code in browser-based JavaScript has become a worthwhile alternative to dedicated mining rigs, related to cryptocurrency.","Memory-bound cryptocurrencies like Monero can be mined  from a browser with JavaScript, better than with a dedicated rig."
107,G08.1_2889349357_2,"Based on this technology, a new form of parasitic computing, widely called cryptojacking or drive-by mining, has gained momentum in the web, A cryptojacking site abuses the computing resources of its visitors to covertly mine for cryptocurrencies, related to cryptocurrency.","However, this technology enables cryptojacking, whereby a site covertly mines for cryptocurrencies on its visitors’ computers."
108,G08.1_2889349357_3,"In this paper, we systematically explore this phenomenon, For this, we propose a 3-phase analysis approach, which enables us to identify mining scripts and conduct a large-scale study on the prevalence of cryptojacking in the Alexa 1 million websites, related to cryptocurrency.",We propose a new approach to identify mining scripts. The approach was evaluated on Alexa 1 websites.
109,G08.1_2889349357_4,"We find that cryptojacking is common, with currently 1 out of 500 sites hosting a mining script, related to cryptocurrency.","Cryptojacking is common, as 1 in 500 sites host a mining script."
110,G08.1_2889349357_5,"Moreover, we perform several secondary analyses to gain insight into the cryptojacking landscape, including a measurement of code characteristics, an estimate of expected mining revenue, and an evaluation of current blacklist-based countermeasures, related to cryptocurrency.","We also measured code characteristics, estimated mining revenue, and evaluated blacklist-based countermeasures."
111,G08.1_2889740224_1,"The rise of modern blockchains has facilitated the emergence of smart contracts: autonomous programs that live and run on the blockchain, related to cryptocurrency.",Smart contracts have appeared thanks to blockchain technology.
112,G08.1_2889740224_2,"Smart contracts have seen a rapid climb to prominence, with applications predicted in law, business, commerce, and governance,  contracts :[39],""are commonly written in a high-level language such as Ethereumu0027s Solidity, and translated to compact low-level bytecode for deployment on the blockchain, related to cryptocurrency.","These autonomous programs are used in law, business, commerce, and governance. Smart contracts are written in a high-level language such as Ethereum’s Solidity and translated to bytecode. that live and run on the blockchain are predicted in"
113,G08.1_2889740224_3,"Once deployed, the bytecode is autonomously executed, usually by a %Turing-complete virtual machine, related to cryptocurrency.","Once deployed on the blockchain, the bytecode is autonomous."
114,G08.1_2889740224_4,"As with all programs, smart contracts can be highly vulnerable to malicious attacks due to deficient programming methodologies, languages, and toolchains, including buggy compilers, related to cryptocurrency.","Smart contracts are vulnerable to malicious attacks due to poor programming, languages and toolchains"
115,G08.1_2889740224_5,"At the same time, smart contracts :[39],""are also high-value targets, often commanding large amounts of cryptocurrency, related to cryptocurrency.",Smart contracts can command large amounts of cryptocurrency.
116,G08.1_2889740224_6,"Hence, developers and auditors need security frameworks capable of analysing low-level bytecode to detect potential security vulnerabilities, related to cryptocurrency.",Developers and auditors need frameworks to detect security vulnerabilities.
117,G08.1_2889740224_7,"In this paper, we present Vandal: a security analysis framework for Ethereum smart contracts, related to cryptocurrency.",Vandal is a security analysis framework for Ethereum smart contracts.
118,G08.1_2889740224_8,"Vandal consists of an analysis pipeline that converts low-level Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) bytecode to semantic logic relations, related to cryptocurrency.",Vandal converts Ethereum Virtual Machine bytecode to semantic logic relations.
119,G08.1_2889740224_9,"Users of the framework can express security analyses in a declarative fashion: a security analysis is expressed in a logic specification written in the \souffle language, related to cryptocurrency.",Users can express security analyses in the Soufflé language.
120,G08.1_2889740235_1,"Vandal is both fast and robust, successfully analysing over 95\% of all 141k unique contracts with an average runtime of 4,15 seconds; outperforming the current state of the art tools---Oyente, EthIR, Mythril, and Rattle---under equivalent conditions, related to cryptocurrency.","Vandal is both efficient (95% accuracy), fast (141k in 4.15 s) and robust. It outperforms the state of the art tools like Oyente, EthIR, Mythril, and Rattle"
121,G08.1_2895247503_1,"As Bitcoinu0027s popularity has grown over the decade since its creation, it has become an increasingly attractive target for adversaries of all kinds, related to cryptocurrency.","One of the most powerful potential adversaries is the country of China, which has expressed adversarial positions regarding the cryptocurrency and demonstrated powerful capabilities to influence it."
122,G09.1_754200012_1,"Image tampering, being readily facilitated and proliferated by today’s digital techniques, is increasingly causing problems regarding the authenticity of images, related to forensics.",Image tampering has become a serious problem with the advancement of digital techniques.
123,G09.1_754200012_2,"As the most popular multimedia data, JPEG images can be easily tampered without leaving any clues; therefore, JPEG-based forensics , including the detection of double compression, interpolation, rotation, etc,, has become an active research topic in multimedia forensics, related to forensics.",JPEG images can be easily manipulated without leaving any clues. This is why researchers are trying to develop methods for JPEG image manipulation detection.
124,G09.1_754200012_3,"Nevertheless, the interesting issue of detecting image tampering and its related operations by using the same quantization matrix has not been fully investigated, related to forensics.","However, methods based on image compression techniques, like quantization, are rarely applied."
125,G09.1_754200012_4,"Aiming to detect such forgery manipulations under the same quantization matrix, we propose a detection method by using shift-recompression -based reshuffle characteristic features, related to forensics.","To detect such manipulations, we propose a detection method to identify inconsistencies in the quantization matrix caused by the manipulation."
126,G09.1_754200012_5,"The learning classifiers are applied for classification, related to forensics.",Then machine learning algorithms are applied to detect image manipulation.
127,G09.1_754200012_6,"Our experimental results indicate that the approach is indeed highly effective in detecting image tampering and relevant manipulations with the same quantization matrix, related to forensics.",Experimental results show that the approach is highly effective in detecting image tampering.
128,G09.1_567125047_1,"The malicious alteration of machine time is a big challenge in computer forensics, related to forensics.",Machine timestamp falsification can be used in cyber attacks.
129,G09.1_567125047_2,"Detecting such changes and reconstructing the actual timeline of events is of paramount importance, related to forensics.",That is why it is important to detect such changes and to reconstruct the actual timeline of events.
130,G09.1_567125047_3,"However, this can be difficult since the attacker has many opportunities and means to hide such changes, related to forensics.","However, the hacker can try to hide their tracks."
131,G09.1_567125047_4,"In particular, cloud computing, host and guest machine time can be manipulated in various ways by an attacker, related to forensics.","In cloud computing, hackers can manipulate host and guest machine time."
132,G09.1_567125047_5,"Guest virtual machines are especially vulnerable to attacks coming from their (more privileged) host, related to forensics.",Guest virtual machines use computing resources provided by a physical machine called a host. Guest virtual machines are especially vulnerable to attacks coming from their host.
133,G09.1_567125047_6,"As such, it is important to guarantee the timeline integrity of both hosts and guests in a cloud, or at least to ensure that the alteration of such timeline does not go undetected, related to forensics.",That is why the timeline integrity of both hosts and guests in a cloud is important. Any manipulation of such a timeline should be detected.
134,G09.1_567125047_7,"In this paper we survey the issues related to host and guest machine time integrity in the cloud, related to forensics.",In this paper we survey the issues related to host and guest machine time integrity in the cloud.
135,G09.1_567125047_8,"Further, we describe a novel architecture for host and guest time alteration detection and correction/resilience with respect to compromised hosts and guests, related to forensics.",A new algorithm is proposed to detect host and guest time manipulations and to correct or reject them.
136,G09.1_567125047_9,"The proposed framework has been implemented on an especially built simulator, related to forensics.",A simulator has been built for this purpose.
137,G09.1_567125047_10,"Performance figures show the feasibility of our proposal, related to forensics.",The algorithm detects manipulations effectively.
138,G09.1_2885025643_1,"Detection of different types of image editing operations carried out on an image is an important problem in image forensics, related to forensics.",Detection of image editing is an important task in image forensics.
139,G09.1_2885025643_2,"It gives the information about the processing history of an image, and also can expose forgeries present in an image, related to forensics.",The edit history of an image can expose forgeries in the image.
140,G09.1_2885025643_3,"There have been a few methods proposed to detect different types of image editing operations in a single framework, related to forensics.",Various methods have been proposed to detect image editing operations.
141,G09.1_2885025643_4,"However, all the operations have to be known a priori in the training phase, related to forensics.",However all of the possible types of image manipulation must be known in advance.
142,G09.1_2885025643_5,"But, in real-forensics scenarios it may not be possible to know about the editing operations carried out on an image, related to forensics.","But, in the real world, manipulations on images are sometimes unknowable."
143,G09.1_2885025643_6,"To solve this problem, we propose a novel deep learning-based method which can differentiate between different types of image editing operations, related to forensics.",A novel deep learning-based method can distinguish between different types of image editing operations.
144,G09.1_2885025643_7,"The proposed method classifies image patches in a pair-wise fashion as either similarly or differently processed using a deep siamese neural network, related to forensics.",This method uses a deep siamese neural network to compare images two by two.
145,G09.1_2885025643_8,"Once the network learns feature that can discriminate between different image editing operations, it can differentiate between different image editing operations not present in the training stage, related to forensics.","Using deep learning, the computer can learn to see features of edited images as compared to unedited and learn to differentiate between different image editing operations."
146,G09.1_2885025643_9,"The experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method in detecting/discriminating different image editing operations, related to forensics.",This method works to find out what editing an image has undergone.
147,G01.1_2797641221_1,"Digital assistants are emerging to become more prevalent in our daily lives, In interacting with these assistants, users may engage in multiple tasks within a short period of time, related to Digital assistant.",Digital assistants are becoming popular in our daily lives. It will allow users to do multiple tasks in a faster way.
148,G01.1_2463945949_1,"DIANE is a digital assistant system that aims to fasten the doctor access to various informations at the hospital such as health care facility, medical records, and also human resource data, The fasten access could be achieved by implementing face recognition and live streaming as part of the digital assistant system, related to Digital assistant.",DIANE is a digital assistant system that allows the doctor a faster access patient and hospital information. This could be done with face recognition and live streaming.
149,G01.2_1448624402_1,"As extensive experimental research has shown individuals suffer from diverse biases in decision-making, related to Biases.",Research showed that people suffer from diverse biases (disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea) in decision-making.
150,G01.2_1448624402_2,"In our paper we analyze the effects of decision-making biases of managers in collaborative decision processes on organizational performance, related to Biases.",We analyzed the effects of decision-making biases of managers on organizational performance.
151,G01.2_1448624402_3,"In the simulations, managerial decisions which are based on different levels of organizational complexity and different incentive systems suffer from biases known from descriptive decision theory, related to Biases.","In the simulations, managers decisions which are based on organizational skills and rules, suffer from several known biases."
152,G01.2_1448624402_4,"The results illustrate how biases in combination with each other and in different organizational contexts affect organizational performance, related to Biases.",The results illustrate how combined biases in different contexts affect organizational performance.
153,G01.2_1448624402_5,"We find that, contrary to intuition, some combinations of biases significantly improve organizational performance while these biases negatively affect organizational performance when they occur separately, related to Biases.","Contrary to expectations, some combinations of biases improve organizational performance. However, when they occur separately, they decrease performance."
154,G01.2_1448624402_6,"This might evoke considerations whether decision-making should be as rational as possible, related to Biases.",This raises questions about the importance of rationality in decision-making.
155,G10.1_2968701259_1,"Perception of the local environment is a precondition for mobile robots to navigate safely in dynamic environments, related to humanoid robots.",Perception of the environment is necessary for mobile robots to navigate safely in dynamic environments.
156,G10.1_2968701259_2,"Most robots, i,e,, humanoids and smaller wheeled robots rely on planar regions, related to humanoid robots.",Most robots (humanoids and wheeled robots) rely on planar regions.
157,G10.1_2968701259_3,"For humanoids, a simple 2D occupancy map as environment representation on which a path is planned is hereby not sufficient since they can step over and onto objects and therefore need height information, related to humanoid robots.","For humanoids (robots with human form or characteristics), a 2D map is not sufficient because they can step over and onto objects, so they need height information."
158,G10.1_2968701259_4,"Considering dynamic obstacles introduces another level of complexity, since they can lead to necessary replanning or collisions at later stages, related to humanoid robots.","Dynamic obstacles bring another level of complexity, because it can lead to necessary replanning or collisions."
159,G10.1_2968701259_5,"In this paper, we present a framework that first extracts planar regions in height maps and detects dynamic obstacles, related to humanoid robots.","In this paper, we present a framework that extracts planar regions in height maps and detects dynamic obstacles."
160,G10.1_2968701259_1,"Our system then uses this information to create a set of prediction maps, in which paths can be efficiently planned in real time at low CPU cost, related to humanoid robots.","Our system then uses this information to create a set of prediction maps, in which paths can be planned in real time at low processor cost."
161,G10.1_2968701259_7,"We show in simulation and real-world experiments that our framework keeps run times well under 10ms for one computation cycle and allows for foresighted real-time 3D footstep planning, related to humanoid robots.",We show in simulation and real-world experiments that our framework keeps run times well under 10ms and allows for real-time 3D footstep planning.
162,G10.1_2906808597_1,"An autonomous service robot often first has to search for a user to carry out a desired task, related to humanoid robots.",An autonomous service robot often first has to search for a user to execute a task.
163,G10.1_2906808597_2,"This is a challenging problem, especially when this person moves around since the robot’s field of view is constrained and the environment structure typically poses further visibility constraints that influence the perception of the user, related to humanoid robots.","This is a challenging problem, especially when this person moves around because the robot’s field of view is limited. The environment also poses visibility limitations that influence the perception of the user."
164,G10.1_2906808597_2,"In this paper, we propose a novel method that computes the likelihood of the user’s observability at each possible location in the environment based on Monte Carlo simulations, related to humanoid robots.","In this paper, we propose a method that estimate the user’s observability in the environment."
165,G10.1_2906808597_4,"As the robot needs time to reach the possible search locations, we take this time as well as the visibility constraints into account when computing effective search locations, related to humanoid robots.","When estimating effective search locations, we take into account the time for the robot to reach the search location and the visibility limitations."
166,G10.1_2906808597_5,"In this way, the robot can choose the next search location that has the maximum expected observability of the user, related to humanoid robots.","In this way, the robot can choose the next search location that has the maximum expected observability of the user."
167,G10.1_2906808597_3,"Our experiments in various simulated environments demonstrate that our approach leads to a significantly shorter search time compared to a greedy approach with background information, related to humanoid robots.",Our experiments demonstrate that our approach leads to a significantly shorter search time compared to other approach.
168,G10.1_2773777794_1,"In many situations, users walk on typical paths between specific destinations at which the service of a mobile robot is needed, related to humanoid robots.","In many situations, users walk on typical paths between specific destinations at which the service of a mobile robot is needed."
169,G10.1_2773777794_2,"Depending on the environment and the paths, step-by-step following of the human might not be the optimal solution since better paths for the robot exist, related to humanoid robots.","Depending on the environment and the paths, following the human might not be the optimal solution because better paths for the robot exist."
170,G10.1_2773777794_1,"We propose to perform a prediction about the human's future movements and use this information in a reinforcement learning framework to generate foresighted navigation actions for the robot, related to humanoid robots.",We propose to predict the human’s future movements and use this information to generate navigation actions for the robot.
171,G10.1_2773777794_4,"Since frequent occlusions of the human will occur due to obstacles and the robot's constrained field of view, the estimate about the humans's position and the prediction of the next destination are affected by uncertainty, related to humanoid robots.",The estimation of the human’s position and the prediction of the next destination are uncertain because of the occlusions due to obstacles and the robot’s limited field of view.
172,G10.1_2773777794_5,"Our approach deals with such situations by explicitly considering occlusions in the reward function such that the robot automatically considers to execute actions to get the human in its field of view, related to humanoid robots.",Our approach deals with considering occlusions so the robot automatically considers to execute actions to get the human in its field of view.
173,G10.1_2773777794_6,"We show in simulated and real-world experiments that our technique leads to significantly shorter paths compared to an approach in which the robot always tries to closely follow the user and, additionally, can handle occlusions, related to humanoid robots.","We show that our technique leads to significantly shorter paths compared to an approach in which the robot follows the user and, additionally, can handle occlusions."
174,G10.1_2562908749_1,"In this paper, we introduce an approach to efficient robot navigation through cluttered indoor environments, related to humanoid robots.","In this paper, we introduce an approach for robot to navigate through cluttered indoor environments."
175,G10.1_2562908749_2,"We propose to estimate local obstacle densities based on already detected objects and use them to predict traversal costs corresponding to potential obstacles in regions not yet observable by the robot's sensors, related to humanoid robots.",We propose to estimate obstacles based on already detected objects and use them to predict potential obstacles in regions not yet observable by the robot.
176,G10.1_2562908749_3,"By taking into account the predicted costs for path planning, the robot is then able to navigate in a more foresighted manner and reduces the risk of getting stuck in cluttered regions, related to humanoid robots.",The robot is then able to navigate in a more anticipated manner and reduces the risk of getting stuck.
177,G10.1_2562908749_4,"As the experimental results demonstrate, our method enables the robot to efficiently navigate through environments containing cluttered regions and achieves significantly shorter completion times compared to a standard approach not using any prediction, related to humanoid robots.",Our method enables the robot to efficiently navigate through cluttered environments and faster than a standard approach not using any prediction.
178,G10.1_2093013061_1,"In this paper, we present an integrated navigation system that allows humanoid robots to autonomously navigate in unknown, cluttered environments, related to humanoid robots.","In this paper, we present a navigation system that allows humanoid robots (robots with human form or characteristics) to autonomously navigate in unknown, cluttered environments."
179,G10.1_2093013061_1,"From the data of an onboard consumer-grade depth camera, our system estimates the robot's pose to compensate for drift of odometry and maintains a heightmap representation of the environment, related to humanoid robots.","From the data of a camera which can judge depth and distance, our system estimates the robot’s position and maintains a height representation of the environment."
180,G10.1_2093013061_3,"Based on this model, our system iteratively computes sequences of safe actions including footsteps and whole-body motions, leading the robot to target locations, related to humanoid robots.",Our system determines safe actions (including footsteps and body motions) leading the robot to target locations.
181,G10.1_2093013061_4,"To efficiently check for collisions during planning, we developed a new approach that takes into account the shape of the robot and the obstacles, related to humanoid robots.","To efficiently check for collisions during planning, we developed a new approach that takes into account the shape of the robot and the obstacles."
182,G10.1_2093013061_2,"As we demonstrate in experiments with a Nao humanoid, our system leads to robust navigation in cluttered environments and the robot is able to traverse highly challenging passages, related to humanoid robots.","As we demonstrate in experiments, our system allows the robot to navigate in clustered environments and traverse challenging passages."
183,G10.1_1593729956_1,"In this paper, we present a novel approach to accurately calibrate the kinematic model of a humanoid based on observations of its monocular camera, related to humanoid robots.","In this paper, we present a novel approach to accurately calibrate a humanoid and its motions (robot with human form or characteristics) based on observations of its camera."
184,G10.1_1593729956_2,"Our technique estimates the parameters of the complete model, consisting of the joint angle offsets of the whole body including the legs, as well as the camera extrinsic and intrinsic parameters, related to humanoid robots.","Our technique estimates the parameters of the complete model, consisting of the joint angle offsets and the camera parameters."
185,G10.1_1593729956_3,"Furthermore, we developed an approach to automatically select a subset of configurations for the calibration process that yields a good trade-off between the number of observations and accuracy, related to humanoid robots.",We developed an approach to automatically select configurations for the calibration process that produces a good compromise between the number of observations and accuracy.
186,G10.1_1593729956_4,"Further, our approach to configuration selection yields substantially better optimization results compared to randomly chosen viable configurations, related to humanoid robots.",Our approach to configuration selection generates better optimization results compared to randomly chosen viable configurations.
187,G10.1_1593729956_5,"Hence, our system only requires a reduced number of configurations to achieve accurate results, related to humanoid robots.","Thus, our system only requires a reduced number of configurations to achieve accurate results."
188,G10.1_1593729956_2,"Our optimization is general and the implementation, which is available online, can easily be applied to different humanoids, related to humanoid robots.","Our optimization is general and the implementation, which is available online, can easily be applied to different humanoids."
189,G11.1_2794850674_1,"In this paper, a lab automation drone notional concept is introduced, related to drones.","In this paper, a concept of lab automation drone is introduced."
190,G11.1_2794850674_1,"Here, a robotic limb is attached to a robotic rotorcraft, related to drones.","Here, a robotic arm is attached to a drone."
191,G11.1_2794850674_2,"The limb's gripper allows the unmanned aerial vehicle to dexterously manipulate objects such as micro-arrays and test tubes often used in high throughput systems (HTS), related to drones.",The arm’s gripper allows the drone to manipulate objects such as chips and test tubes often used in scientific experimentations like high throughput systems.
192,G11.1_2794850674_3,"The resulting drone could augment existing HTS operations, related to drones.",The drone could augment existing high throughput systems operations.
193,G11.1_2794850674_4,"The 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) arm and gripper design are presented, related to drones.",The 6 degree-of-freedom arm and gripper design are presented.
194,G11.1_2794850674_6,"Test-and-evaluation approach and results are also given, related to drones.",Results of evaluations and tests are also given.
195,G11.1_2795365350_1,"Robot companionship has become more popular in past years, related to drones.",Robot companionship has become more popular in past years.
196,G11.1_2795365350_1,"However, humanoid gait might be somewhat unstable for these applications, related to drones.","However, humanoid (robots with human form or characteristics) walking might be unstable."
197,G11.1_2795365350_2,"Even with miniature humanoids, falls occur frequently, related to drones.","Even with miniature humanoids, falls occur frequently."
198,G11.1_2795365350_4,"Thus, wheel attachments have been added onto a miniature humanoid, so it can move faster and with more stability than walking, related to drones.","Wheels have been added onto a miniature humanoid, so it can move faster and with more stability than walking."
199,G11.1_2795365350_5,"In addition, with such attachments a robot can switch from walking to rolling when necessary, related to drones.","With wheels, a robot can switch from walking to rolling when necessary."
200,G11.1_2795365350_3,"DARwIn-OP is a humanoid robot that has been used as an experimentation and performance evaluation platform, related to drones.",DARwIn-OP is a humanoid robot that has been used for experimentation and evaluation.
201,G11.1_2795365350_7,"This paper discusses preliminary work regarding robot companionship applications by using a miniature humanoid capable of fetching different toys based on voice command, related to drones.",This paper discusses preliminary work for robot companionship applications by using a miniature humanoid capable of fetching different toys based on voice command.
202,G11.1_2946157960_1,"Advances in electronics and sensor technology have widened the scopes of networked drones to include applications as diverse as surveillance, video recording, operations, entertainment/advertising, signal emission, transportation, and delivery, related to drones.","Advances in technology allowed drones to be used for surveillance, video recording, operations, entertainment/advertising, signal emission, transportation, and delivery."
203,G11.1_2946157960_2,"These applications and services require video recording for their operations, related to drones.",These applications and services require video recording.
204,G11.1_2946157960_3,"Large drones are used singly in missions while small ones are used in formations or swarms, related to drones.",Large drones are used individually while small ones are used in groups.
205,G11.1_2946157960_4,"The small drones are proving to be useful in civilian applications, related to drones.",The small drones are proving to be useful in civilian applications.
206,G11.1_2946157960_5,"Consideration of small drones for the applications such as group flight, entertainment, and signal emission lead to deployment of networked drones, related to drones.","Consideration of small drones for the applications such as group flight, entertainment, and signal emission lead to deployment of networked drones."
207,G11.1_2946157960_6,"To develop group display applications, a real-time drone formation control for group display is proposed, related to drones.","To develop group display applications, a real-time drone formation control for group display is proposed."
208,G11.1_2946157960_7,"Simulation shows that drone formation can display messages effectively, related to drones.",Simulation shows that drone formation can display messages effectively.
209,G13.1_3004169763_1,"The prevalence and rapid development of the Internet and mobile technology in recent decades has revamped our living styles and daily habits, related to digital marketing.",The development of the Internet and mobile technology in recent decades has modified our living styles and daily habits.
210,G13.1_3004169763_2,"To ride on the digital trend, more business activities have been engaged in the digital world, related to digital marketing.",More business activities have been engaged in the digital world.
211,G13.1_3004169763_3,"Marketing and advertising is one of typical business areas that is transformed digitally, related to digital marketing.",Marketing and advertising is one of typical business areas that is transformed digitally.
212,G13.1_3004169763_1,"The rise of Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs), social media platforms, and Omni-channel retailing have attracted countless business entities to consider the adoption of digital marketing tools for promoting and advertising their brands and products, related to digital marketing.","Many businesses consider the adoption of digital marketing tools for their promotion and advertisement, due to the rise of Key Opinion Leaders (person with expert status and influence), social media platforms, and Omni-channel retailing (multiple channels but a uniform experience for the customer)."
213,G13.1_3004169763_5,"However, with the increasing diversity of the types of digital marketing tools, they must be carefully selected based on a multiple number of criterion, related to digital marketing.","However, with the increasing diversity of digital marketing tools, they must be carefully selected."
214,G13.1_3004169763_2,"In this paper, a fuzzy-AHP method is proposed and developed for assisting industry practitioners in systematically and effectively evaluate and select proper digital marketing tool(s) for adoption, related to digital marketing.","In this paper, a method to organize and analyze complex decisions is proposed and developed for assisting businesses to evaluate and select appropriate digital marketing tools."
215,G13.1_3004169763_7,"The developed method not only streamlines the internal business process of digital marketing tool selection, but it also increases the practitioner's effectiveness of achieving the pre-defined strategic marketing objectives, related to digital marketing.",The developed method rationalizes and simplifies the process of digital marketing tool selection. It also increases effectiveness of achieving strategic marketing objectives.
216,G13.1_2570453702_1,"This study focuses on the digital marketing capabilities of tourism SMEs, related to digital marketing.",This study focuses on the digital marketing capabilities of tourism small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
217,G13.1_2570453702_2,"The study addresses the question of how the use of ICT-based tools benefit the organisational capabilities of a company, related to digital marketing.",The study questions on how information and communication technology (ICT) tools can help the organisational capabilities of a company.
218,G13.1_2570453702_3,"By adopting marketing as a set-of-skills approach, the study provides new insights into the existing tourism literature on e-marketing, related to digital marketing.",The study provides new insights from tourism studies on digital marketing.
219,G13.1_2570453702_5,"Initial findings indicate that the digital marketing capabilities of companies are transformed through ICT-based uptake, related to digital marketing.",Findings show that digital marketing capabilities of companies are transformed by ICT tools.
220,G13.1_2570453702_5,"Four major capabilities were identified, each of which evolves as a result of using the tools, related to digital marketing.","Four major capabilities were identified, each of which evolves as a result of using the tools."
221,G13.1_2570453702_6,"A key finding of the study is that the use of ICT-based tools transforms digital marketing capabilities from a set of abilities that enables tourism SMEs not only to float in a web-marketing stream, but also to lead such a stream, related to digital marketing.",A key finding of the study is that ICT tools transform these capabilities in a set of abilities for SMEs in web-marketing.
222,G02.2_2134216589_1,"Big data, the enhanced ability to collect, store and analyze previously unimaginable quantities of data in tremendous speed and with negligible costs, delivers immense benefits in marketing efficiency, healthcare, environmental protection, national security and more, related to Privacy.","Big data (the ability to collect, store and analyze huge quantities of data in a really fast and cheap way) offers immense benefits in marketing, healthcare, environment, national security and more."
223,G02.2_2134216589_2,"The central tenets of the current privacy framework, the principles of data minimization and purpose limitation, are severely strained by the big data technological and business reality, related to Privacy.","The principles of privacy, limitation of data collection and use are stretched by the business and technological reality of big data."
224,G02.2_2134216589_3,"As we increasingly interact with these artificial agents in unsupervised settings, with no human mediators, their seeming autonomy and increasingly sophisticated functionality and behavior, raises legal and philosophical questions,  related to Privacy.","Our increasing interactions with these technologies without human supervision, and their growing autonomy, functionality and behavior raises legal and philosophical questions."
225,G02.2_2134216589_4,"The focus on the machine is a distraction from the debate surrounding data driven ethical dilemmas, such as privacy, fairness and discrimination, related to Privacy.","The focus on the machine is a distraction from the debate on ethical dilemmas about data like privacy, fairness and discrimination."
226,G02.2_2134216589_5,"The machine may exacerbate, enable, or simply draw attention to the ethical challenges, but it is humans who must be held accountable, related to Privacy.","The machine may influence the ethical challenges, but the humans must remain responsible."
227,G02.2_2134216589_6,"Policymakers should seek to devise agreed-upon guidelines for ethical data analysis and profiling, related to Privacy.",Responsible people should find guidelines for ethical data analysis and collection.
228,G02.2_2134216589_7,"Such guidelines would address the use of legal and technical mechanisms to obfuscate data; criteria for calling out unethical, if not illegal, behavior; categories of privacy and non-privacy harms; and strategies for empowering individuals through access to data in intelligible form, related to Privacy.","These guidelines would deal with mechanisms to protect data, criteria about unethical or illegal behavior, privacy harms, and strategies to give people access to data."
229,G03.1_2960901639_1,"As smart speakers with voice interaction capability permeate continuously in the world, more and more people will gradually get used to the new interaction medium–voice, related to smart speaker.",Smart speakers are becoming popular around the world and people will get used to this new way of interacting with the voice.
230,G03.1_2960901639_1,"Although speech recognition, natural language processing (NLP) have been greatly improved over the past few years, users still may encounter errors from time to time like “cannot understand”, “no requested audio resource (such as music)”, which can frustrate users, related to smart speaker.","Even with the progress of speech recognition and natural language processing (interactions between computers and human language), users may still get errors like “cannot understand” or “no requested audio resource” which can frustrate users."
231,G03.1_2960901639_3,"Therefore, when an error message is reported, it is vital that the smart speaker gives an effective and proper response, related to smart speaker.","So, it is important that the smart speaker gives an effective and proper response during an error message."
232,G03.1_2960901639_4,"However, currently the response strategies adopted by leading smart speaker brands in China differed mainly on two dimensions: “apology or not” and “humor or neutral”, related to smart speaker.","The responses of the most popular brand of smart speakers are based on 2 elements, apology and humor."
233,G03.1_2960901639_5,"We explored user’s preference of response strategies under two error scenarios——“cannot understand” and “no requested audio resource”, related to smart speaker.",We studied user’s preference in two error scenarios : “cannot understand” and “no requested resource”
234,G03.1_2960901639_6,"Two dependent variables (satisfaction and perceived sincerity of response) were measured, related to smart speaker.",Satisfaction of the user and perceived sincerity of the response were measured.
235,G03.1_2960901639_7,"The results showed that participants were more satisfied and perceived higher sincerity when smart speaker apologized in both error scenarios, related to smart speaker.",The results showed that users were more satisfied and perceived higher sincerity when smart speaker apologized in both error scenarios.
236,G03.1_2960901639_8,"In the “no requested audio resource” scenario, humor had no significant impact on the perception of satisfaction and sincerity, related to smart speaker.","In the “no requested audio resource” scenario, humor had no impact on the satisfaction or sincerity."
237,G03.1_2960901639_9,"But in the “cannot understand” scenario, humorous expression decreased perceived sincerity, related to smart speaker.","But in the “cannot understand” scenario, humor decreased perceived sincerity."
238,G03.1_2949291273_1,"the smart speakers cannot distinguish human voice from machine voice, related to smart speaker.",The smart speakers cannot differentiate between human voice and machine voice.
239,G03.1_2949291273_2,"a method to identify which of human or machine is sending voice commands to a smart speaker is desired, related to smart speaker.",A method to identify if the voice command is from a human or a machine is required.
240,G03.1_2949291273_3,"to prevent such machine-voice based attacks to a smart speaker in absence of residents, we propose a system consisting of a speaker and a microphone array to detect the existence of a human nearby, supposing it can be incorporated in a smart speaker in the future, related to smart speaker.",We propose a system composed of a speaker and microphones to detect the presence of humans. It could help to prevent attacks on a smart speaker with a machine voice in absence of residents
241,G03.1_2943753439_1,"Amazon's Echo, and Apple's Siri have drawn attention from different user groups; however, these existing commercial VUIs support limited language options for users including native English speakers and non-native English speakers, related to smart speaker.","The VUIs (voice user interface) like Amazon’s Echo or Apple’s Siri are popular nowadays. However, they have limited language options for users."
242,G03.1_2943753439_2,"we conducted a usability study of the Google Home Smart Speaker with 20 participants including native English and non-native English speakers to understand their differences in using the Google Home Smart Speaker, related to smart speaker.",We studied the usability of the Google Home Smart Speaker with native and non-native English speakers to understand their differences in using this device.
243,G03.1_2943753439_3,"The findings show that compared with their counterparts, the native English speakers had better and more positive user experiences in interacting with the device, related to smart speaker.",The results show that the native English speakers had a better experience with the device than the non-native.
244,G03.1_2943753439_2,"It also shows that users' English language proficiency plays an important role in interacting with VUIs, related to smart speaker.",It also shows that language skills play an important role.
245,G03.1_2943753439_3,"The findings from this study can create insights for VUI designers and developers for implementing multiple language options and better voice recognition algorithms in VUIs for different user groups across the world, related to smart speaker.",The results of this study can help VUI developers for improving language options and voice recognition in the devices.
246,G04.1_2214798411_1,"A pharmacophore analysis approach was used to investigate and compare different classes of compounds relevant to the drug discovery process (specifically, drug molecules, compounds in high throughput screening libraries, combinatorial chemistry building blocks and nondrug molecules), related to drug discovery.",A pharmacophore analysis investigated and compared different compounds of the drug discovery process.
247,G04.1_2214798411_2,"Significant differences were observed between the pharmacophore profiles obtained for the drug molecules and those obtained for the high-throughput screening compounds, which appear to be closely related to the nondrug pharmacophore distribution, related to drug discovery.","Significant differences were observed between the pharmacophore profiles of the drug molecules and the high-throughput screening compounds, which appear to be related to the nondrug pharmacophore distribution."
248,G04.1_2214798411_3,"It is suggested that the analysis of pharmacophore profiles could be used as an additional tool for the property-based optimization of compound selection and library design processes, thus improving the odds of success in lead discovery projects, related to drug discovery.",It is suggested that the analysis could be used as an additional tool for the optimization of compound selection and library design processes..
249,G04.1_2339209416_1,"Annotation of bioassay protocols using semantic web vocabulary is a way to make experiment descriptions machine-readable, related to drug discovery.",Annotation of bioassay protocols with web vocabulary can make experiment descriptions machine-readable.
250,G04.1_2339209416_2,"Protocols are communicated using concise scientific English, which precludes most kinds of analysis by software algorithms, related to drug discovery.",Protocols use concise scientific English which prevents most of analysis by software algorithms.
251,G04.1_2339209416_2,"Given the availability of a sufficiently expressive ontology, some or all of the pertinent information can be captured by asserting a series of facts, expressed as semantic web triples (subject, predicate, object), related to drug discovery.","There is a sufficient ontology, so the pertinent information can be written using semantic web triples (subject, predicate, object)."
252,G04.1_2339209416_4,"With appropriate annotation, assays can be searched, clustered, tagged and evaluated in a multitude of ways, analogous to other segments of drug discovery informatics, related to drug discovery.","With appropriate annotation, assays can be searched, clustered, tagged and evaluated."
253,G04.1_2339209416_5,"The BioAssay Ontology (BAO) has been previously designed for this express purpose, and provides a layered hierarchy of meaningful terms which can be linked to, related to drug discovery.","The BioAssay Ontology (BAO) has been designed for this purpose, and provides many meaningful terms."
254,G04.2_2415325177_1,"Next generation sequencing (NGS) produces massive datasets consisting of billions of reads and up to thousands of samples, related to functional genomics.",Next generation sequencing (NGS) produces datasets of billions of reads and thousands of samples.
255,G04.2_2415325177_2,"Subsequent bioinformatic analysis is typically done with the help of open source tools, where each application performs a single step towards the final result, related to functional genomics.","The analysis is typically done with open source tools, performing a single step towards the final result."
256,G04.2_2415325177_3,"This situation leaves the bioinformaticians with the tasks to combine the tools, manage the data files and meta-information, document the analysis, and ensure reproducibility, related to functional genomics.","The bioinformaticians have to combine the tools, manage the files and information, document the analysis, and ensure reproducibility."
257,G04.3_2040043577_1,"SPSS Clementinel2,0 statistical software was used to mine the association rules between Etiology and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Syndromes and TCM, Symptoms and TCM, related to infectious diseases.",SPSS Clementinel2.0 statistical software was used to extract data and find relations between traditional Chinese medicine and other medicine.
258,G04.3_2040043577_2,"The classic Apriori algorithm is useful to mine cases of influenza treated by contemporary famous old Chinese medicine, related to infectious diseases.",The classic Apriori algorithm is useful to find cases of influenza treated by old Chinese medicine.
259,G04.3_2941964798_1,"Identifying antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in metagenomics samples is essential for public health and food safety, related to infectious diseases.",Identifying bacterias that are resistant to antimicrobial in samples of genetic material collected from the environment is essential for public health and food safety.
260,G04.3_2941964798_2,"Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a powerful tool in identifying the genetic variation and constructing the correlations between genotype and phenotype in humans and other species, related to infectious diseases.",Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a powerful tool in identifying the genetic variation and constructing the correlations between genotype (genetic code of an individual) and phenotype (physical characteristics of an indvidual) in humans and other species.
261,G04.3_2941964798_3,"a Bayesian framework for genotype estimation for mixtures of multiple bacteria, named as Genetic Polymorphisms Assignments (GPA) has reduced the false discovery rate (FDR) and mean absolute error (MAE) in single nucleotide variant (SNV) identification, related to infectious diseases.",The Genetic Polymorphism Assignements (GPA) is a framework which determines the genetic constitution of multiple bacteria while reducing the number of false positive results and improving the accuracy of calculations when identifying the variation of a single nucleotide.
262,G05.1_2757079914_1,"CRISPR-Cas is a tool that is widely used for gene editing, related to gene editing.",CRISPR-Cas is a tool used for gene editing.
263,G05.1_2757079914_2,"However, unexpected off-target effects may occur as a result of long-term nuclease activity, related to gene editing.","However, unintended genetic modifications may occur."
264,G05.1_2757079914_3,"Anti-CRISPR proteins, which are powerful molecules that inhibit the CRISPR-Cas system, may have the potential to promote better utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system in gene editing, especially for gene therapy, related to gene editing.","Anti-CRISPR proteins (molecules that inhibit the CRISPR-Cas system) may improve utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system in gene editing, especially for gene therapy."
265,G05.1_2757079914_4,"Additionally, more in-depth research on these proteins would help researchers to better understand the co-evolution of bacteria and phages, related to gene editing.",More research on these proteins would help to understand the co-evolution of bacteria and bacteriophages (virus that infects and replicates within bacteria).
266,G05.1_2757079914_5,"Therefore, it is necessary to collect and integrate data on various types of anti-CRISPRs, related to gene editing.",It is necessary to collect and integrate data on various types of anti-CRISPRs.
267,G05.1_2117924928_1,"The CRISPR/Cas9 system was recently developed as a powerful and flexible technology for targeted genome engineering, including genome editing (altering the genetic sequence) and gene regulation (without altering the genetic sequence), related to gene editing.",The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful technology for gene editing and gene regulation.
268,G05.1_2117924928_2,"These applications require the design of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that are efficient and specific, related to gene editing.","These applications require the design of single guide RNAs (which are enzymes that can delete, insert or alter DNA) that are efficient and specific."
269,G05.1_2117924928_3,"However, this remains challenging, as it requires the consideration of many criteria, related to gene editing.","However, this remains challenging, as it requires the consideration of many criteria."
270,G05.1_2914002216_1,"CRISPR has become a hot research area ever since its advent for its efficiency and specificity in editing almost every section of DNA sequences, related to gene editing.",CRISPR is a popular research area known for its efficiency and specificity in editing DNA sequences.
271,G05.1_2914002216_2,"Based on its function of gene perturbation, a variety of gene editing techniques have been developed to achieve different aims, related to gene editing.",A variety of gene editing techniques have been developed for different aims.
272,G05.1_2914002216_3,"The target locations of a DNA strain can be precisely broken and repaired, during which the genes can be removed, repaired, silenced, or activated, related to gene editing.","The target locations of a DNA strain can be precisely broken and repaired, during which the genes can be removed, repaired, silenced, or activated."
273,G05.1_2914002216_4,"The high efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents preparation and the easiness of experiment conduction make it now a powerful tool of high-content screen, related to gene editing.",The high efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents preparation and the easiness of experiment conduction make it a powerful tool.
274,G05.1_2584932255_1,"The hidden connection between these reports is that gene editing could be used to solve issues related to health care allocation, related to gene editing.",Gene editing could be used to solve issues related to health care allocation.
275,G05.1_2584932255_2,"Improving the health of future generations might coincide with public health goals; it might improve the health of individuals and communities, and, if successful, might be seen as a public good, related to gene editing.",Improving the health of future generations might coincide with public health goals.
276,G05.1_2584932255_2,"However, enhancing future generations will require In Vitro Fertilisation and Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis, related to gene editing.","However, enhancing future generations will require In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) and Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis."
277,G05.1_2584932255_4,"Remarkably, the necessary involvement of women in an enhancing scenario has not been discussed by its proponents, related to gene editing.",The necessary involvement of women in an enhancing scenario has not been discussed.
278,G05.1_2584932255_3,"The present discourse on moral obligations of future generations, although not referring to women, seems to imply that women might be required, morally, if not legally, to reproduce with IVF, related to gene editing.",The discourse on moral obligations of future generations seems to imply that women might be required to reproduce with IVF.
279,G05.1_2584932255_4,"Enhancing future generations will be gendered, unless the artificial womb is developed, related to gene editing.","Enhancing future generations will be gendered, unless the artificial womb is developed."
280,G05.1_2584932255_7,"These are challenging issues that require a wider perspective, of both women and men, related to gene editing.","These are challenging issues that require a wider perspective, of both women and men."
281,G05.1_2584932255_8,"Despite the lack of a unified feminist conclusion in the discussions about the merits and risks of human genome modification, there is an urgent need to clarify the role of women in this scenario, related to gene editing.",There are no unified feminist conclusion about the merits and risks of human genome modification. There is also an urgent need to clarify the role of women in this scenario.
282,G05.2_2796443924_1,"The CRISPR-Cpf1 system has been successfully applied in genome editing, related to crispr.",The CRISPR-Cpf1 system (a DNA-editing technology) has been successfully applied in gene editing.
283,G05.2_2796443924_2,"However, target efficiency of the CRISPR-Cpf1 system varies among different gRNA sequences, related to crispr.",However target efficiency of the CRISPR-Cpf1 system varies among different gRNA (piece of RNA that serves as a guide to DNA-targeting enzymes) sequences.
284,G05.2_2796443924_3,"Using machine learning technology, a SVM model was created to predict target efficiency for any given gRNAs, related to crispr.","Using machine learning technology, a support-vector machine model (algorithm used for data classification) was created to predict the target efficiency for any given gRNAs."
285,G05.2_2796443924_4,"the first web service application, CRISPR-DT (CRISPR DNA Targeting), to help users design optimal gRNAs for the CRISPR-Cpf1 system by considering both target efficiency and specificity is available, related to crispr.",CRISPR-DT (CRISPR DNA Targeting) is available. It is the first web service application to help users design optimal gRNAs for the CRISPR-Cpf1 system by considering both target efficiency and target specificity (recognition mecanism).
286,G06.2_2906897310_1,"A key problem for autonomous car navigation is the understanding, at an object level, of the current driving situation, related to self driving.",A key problem for autonomous car navigation is the understanding of the environment while driving.
287,G06.2_2906897310_1,"Addressing this issue requires the extraction of meaningful information from on-board stereo imagery by classifying the fundamental elements of urban scenes into semantic categories that can more easily be interpreted and be reflected upon (streets, buildings, pedestrians, vehicles, signs, etc,), related to self driving.","It needs to extract information from the sensors and cameras and classify the elements into categories so it can be easily analysed (streets, buildings, pedestrians, vehicles, signs, etc.)."
288,G06.2_2906897310_2,"A probabilistic method is proposed to fuse a coarse prior 3D map data with stereo imagery classification, related to self driving.",A method is to fuse 3D map data with classification of the sensors and cameras.
289,G06.2_2906897310_3,"A novel fusion architecture based on the Stixel framework is presented for combining semantic pixel-wise segmentation from a convolutional neural network (CNN) with depth information obtained from stereo imagery while integrating coarse prior depth and label information, related to self driving.",This system combine image segmentation (simplify the representation of an image to facilitate its analysis) and information obtained from sensors and cameras while integrating prior information.
290,G06.2_2906897310_5,"The proposed approach was tested on a manually labeled data set in urban environments, related to self driving.",This approach was tested on manually entered data in urban environments.
291,G06.2_2906897310_4,"The results show that the classification accuracy of the fundamental elements composing the urban scene was significantly enhanced by this method compared to what is obtained from the semantic pixel-wise segmentation of a CNN alone, related to self driving.",The results show that the classification of elements is more accurate with this method than the image segmentation alone.
292,G06.2_2968176166_1,"In recent years self-driving vehicles have become more commonplace on public roads, with the promise of bringing safety and efficiency to modern transportation systems, related to self driving.","Self-driving vehicles have become common on public roads, with the promise of a safe and efficient mode of transport."
293,G06.2_2968176166_2,"Increasing the reliability of these vehicles on the road requires an extensive suite of software tests, ideally performed on highfidelity simulators, where multiple vehicles and pedestrians interact with the self-driving vehicle, related to self driving.","To be reliable, these vehicles need many software tests on simulators with interactions of multiple vehicles and pedestrians."
294,G06.2_2968176166_3,"It is therefore of critical importance to ensure that self-driving software is assessed against a wide range of challenging simulated driving scenarios, related to self driving.",It is essential that self-driving software is evaluated with many different challenging driving scenarios.
295,G06.2_2968176166_4,"The state of the art in driving scenario generation, as adopted by some of the front-runners of the self-driving car industry, still relies on human input [1], related to self driving.",The driving scenario generation still needs human contribution.
296,G06.2_2968176166_1,"In this paper we propose to automate the process using Bayesian optimization to generate adversarial self-driving scenarios that expose poorly-engineered or poorly-trained self-driving policies, and increase the risk of collision with simulated pedestrians and vehicles, related to self driving.","We propose to automate the process and generate conflicting self-driving that expose weaknesses of self-driving policies, and increase the risk of collision with simulated pedestrians and vehicles."
297,G06.2_2968176166_2,"We show that by incorporating the generated scenarios into the training set of the self-driving policy, and by fine-tuning the policy using vision-based imitation learning we obtain safer self-driving behavior, related to self driving.","By incorporating the generated scenarios into the parameters of the self-driving policy, and by adjusting the policy with the imitation learning, we obtain safer self-driving behavior."
298,G06.2_2958092349_1,"With the developing of the technology on self-driving, more and more L3 driverless vehicles are launched in market, people get opportunities to experience the self-driving cars in their daily life, related to self driving.","Self-driving technology is developing, more and more driverless vehicles are launched in market and accessible for people in their daily life."
299,G06.2_2958092349_2,"As a result, there is a growing demand for the autopilot experience, related to self driving.",So there is a growing demand for the autopilot experience.
300,G06.2_2958092349_3,"Natural and efficient human-computer interaction can not only improve the driving experience, but also accelerate the process of self-driving commercialization, related to self driving.",Natural and efficient human-computer interaction can improve the driving experience and accelerate the process of self-driving commercialization.
301,G06.2_2958092349_4,"This paper discusses eye-movement interaction, voice interaction and gesture interaction in self-driving car, and analyzes the technology, advantages and disadvantages of the existing interaction modes, and prospect the future development trend of self-driving human-computer interaction, related to self driving.","This paper discusses interactions with the eye, voice and gesture in self-driving car, analyzes the technology, the interaction modes, and considers the future of self-driving human-computer interaction."
302,G06.2_2606555570_1,"Self-driving vehicle technologies are progressing rapidly and are expected to play a significant role in the future of transportation, related to self driving.",Self-driving vehicle technologies are progressing and are expected to play a significant role in the future of transportation.
303,G06.2_2606555570_2,"One of the main challenges for self-driving vehicles on public roads is the safe cooperation and collaboration among multiple vehicles using sensor-based perception and inter-vehicle communications, related to self driving.","A main challenge for self-driving vehicles on public roads is the safe cooperation, collaboration and communication with other vehicles."
304,G06.2_2606555570_1,"When self-driving vehicles try to occupy the same spatial area simultaneously, they might collide with one another, might become deadlocked, or might slam on the brakes making it uncomfortable or unsafe for passengers in a self-driving vehicle, related to self driving.","When self-driving vehicles are in the same area, they might collide, become blocked, or suddenly brake and make uncomfortable or unsafe the passengers."
305,G06.2_2606555570_4,"In this paper, we study how a self-driving vehicle can safely navigate merge points, where two lanes with different priorities meet, related to self driving.","We study how a self-driving vehicle can safely navigate merge points, where two lanes with different priorities meet."
306,G06.2_2606555570_5,"We present a safe protocol for merge points named Autonomous Vehicle Protocol for Merge Points, where self-driving vehicles use both vehicular communications and their own perception systems for cooperating with other self-driving and/or human-driven vehicles, related to self driving.",We present a safe protocol where self-driving vehicles use both vehicular communications and their own perception systems for cooperating with other vehicles (self-driving or human-driven).
307,G06.2_2606555570_6,"Our simulation results show that our traffic protocol has higher traffic throughput, compared to simple traffic protocols, while ensuring safety, related to self driving.","Our simulation results show that our traffic protocol leads to a better traffic flow, while ensuring safety."
308,G06.2_2548923997_1,"Emerging self-driving vehicles are vulnerable to different attacks due to the principle and the type of communication systems that are used in these vehicles, related to self driving.",Self-driving vehicles are vulnerable to different attacks because of their communication systems.
309,G06.2_2548923997_1,"These vehicles are increasingly relying on external communication via vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), related to self driving.",These vehicles use external communication via a network.
310,G06.2_2548923997_2,"VANETs add new threats to self-driving vehicles that contribute to substantial challenges in autonomous systems, related to self driving.",This network add new threats to self-driving vehicles that contribute to the challenges in autonomous systems.
311,G06.2_2548923997_3,"These communication systems render self-driving vehicles vulnerable to many types of malicious attacks, such as Sybil attacks, Denial of Service (DoS), black hole, grey hole and wormhole attacks, related to self driving.","With these communication systems, self-driving vehicles are vulnerable to many types of malicious attacks on the network."
312,G06.2_2548923997_5,"In this paper, we propose an intelligent security system designed to secure external communications for self-driving and semi self-driving cars, related to self driving.","In this paper, we propose an intelligent security system to secure external communications for self-driving cars."
313,G06.2_2548923997_4,"The hybrid detection system relies on the Back Propagation neural networks (BP), to detect a common type of attack in VANETs: Denial-of-Service (DoS), related to self driving.",The system will detect a common type of attack in the network: Denial-of-Service (attack trying to make network resource unavailable).
314,G06.2_2548923997_5,"The experimental results show that the proposed BP-IDS is capable of identifying malicious vehicles in self-driving and semi self-driving vehicles, related to self driving.",The results show that the intrusion detection system is capable of identifying malicious vehicles in self-driving vehicles.
315,G06.2_2931522054_1,"This paper proposes a MATLAB/Simulink benchmark suite for an open-source self-driving system based on Robot Operating System (ROS), related to self driving.",This paper proposes MATLAB/Simulink tests for an open-source self-driving system based on Robot Operating System.
316,G06.2_2931522054_2,"One approach to the development of self-driving systems is the utilization of ROS which is an open-source middleware framework used in the development of robot applications, related to self driving.",One approach to the development of self-driving systems is the utilization of Robot Operating System (open-source software framework used in the development of robot applications).
317,G06.2_2931522054_3,"On the other hand, the popular approach in the automotive industry is the utilization of MATLAB/Simulink which is software for modeling, simulating, and analyzing, related to self driving.","But the popular approach in the automotive industry is the utilization of MATLAB/Simulink (software for modeling, simulating, and analyzing)."
318,G06.2_2931522054_4,"MATLAB/Simulink provides an interface between ROS and MATLAB/Simulink that enables to create functionalities of ROS-based robots in MATLAB/Simulink, related to self driving.",MATLAB/Simulink provides an interface that enables to create functionalities of robots (based on robot operating system).
319,G06.2_2931522054_5,"However, it is not been fully utilized in the development of self-driving systems yet because there are not enough samples for self-driving, and it is difficult for developers to adopt co-development, related to self driving.","However, it is not fully utilized in the development of self-driving systems yet because there are not enough samples, and it is difficult for developers to adopt co-development."
320,G06.2_2931522054_5,"Therefore, we provide a MATLAB/Simulink benchmark suite for a ROS-based self-driving system called Autoware, related to self driving.",We provide MATLAB/Simulink tests for a self-driving system (based on robot operating system) called Autoware.
321,G06.2_2931522054_7,"Autoware is popular open-source software that provides a complete set of self-driving modules, related to self driving.",Autoware is a popular open-source software that provides a complete set of self-driving modules.
322,G06.2_2931522054_6,"The provided benchmark contains MATLAB/Simulink samples available in Autoware, related to self driving.",The provided tests contain MATLAB/Simulink samples available in Autoware.
323,G06.2_2931522054_7,"They help to design ROS-based self-driving systems using MATLAB/Simulink, related to self driving.",They help to design self-driving systems (based on robot operating system) using MATLAB/Simulink.
324,G06.2_2954032282_1,"Ensuring the safety of self-driving cars is important, but neither industry nor authorities have settled on a standard way to test them, related to self driving.","Ensuring the safety of self-driving cars is important, but there is no standard way to test them."
325,G06.2_2954032282_2,"Deploying self-driving cars for testing in regular traffic is a common, but costly and risky method, which has already caused fatalities, related to self driving.","Testing self-driving cars in regular traffic is costly and risky, and has already caused fatalities."
326,G06.2_2954032282_3,"As a safer alternative, virtual tests, in which self-driving car software is tested in computer simulations, have been proposed, related to self driving.","As a safer alternative, virtual tests (self-driving car software tested in computer simulations) have been proposed."
327,G06.2_2954032282_4,"One cannot hope to sufficiently cover the huge number of possible driving situations self-driving cars must be tested for by manually creating such tests, related to self driving.","To cover the huge number of possible driving situations, self-driving cars must be tested in manually created tests."
328,G06.2_2954032282_5,"Therefore, we developed AsFault, a tool for automatically generating virtual tests for systematically testing self-driving car software, related to self driving.","We developed AsFault, a tool for automatically generating virtual tests for testing self-driving car software."
329,G06.2_2954032282_1,"We demonstrate AsFault by testing the lane keeping feature of an artificial intelligence-based self-driving car software, for which AsFault generates scenarios that cause it to drive off the road, related to self driving.",We demonstrate AsFault by testing the lane keeping feature of a self-driving car software with scenarios going off the road.
330,G06.2_2954032282_7,"A video illustrating AsFault in action is available at: https://youtu,be/lJ1sa42VLDw related to self driving.",A video illustrating AsFault in action is available at: https://youtu.be/lJ1sa42VLDw
331,G06.2_2982382045_1,"At the brink of the introduction of self-driving vehicles, only little is known about how potential users perceive them, related to self driving.",Little is known about how potential users perceive self-driving vehicles.
332,G06.2_2982382045_2,"This is especially true for self-driving vehicles deployed in public transport services, related to self driving.",This is especially true for self-driving vehicles in public transport services.
333,G06.2_2982382045_3,"In this study, the relative preferences for a trip with a self-driving bus is assessed compared to a trip with a regular bus, based on a stated preference experiment, related to self driving.","In this study, the preferences between a trip in a self-driving bus and a regular bus were compared."
334,G06.2_2982382045_1,"Based on the responses of 282 respondents from the Netherlands and Germany, a discrete choice model is estimated as a Mixed Logit model including attitudes towards trust in self-driving vehicles and interest in technology, related to self driving.","The results of 282 participants were studied, including trust in self-driving vehicles and interest in technology."
335,G06.2_2982382045_5,"The results show that currently public transport passengers prefer the self-driving bus over the regular bus only for short trips, related to self driving.",The results show that currently public transport passengers prefer the self-driving bus over the regular bus only for short trips.
336,G06.2_2982382045_2,"This is due to the finding that the value of travel time is about twice as high for the self-driving bus as for the regular bus for a short commuting trip, related to self driving.",The preference is about twice as high for the self-driving bus as for the regular bus for a short commuting trip.
337,G06.2_2982382045_7,"Findings from this study further suggest that the popularity of self-driving busses decreases with the presence of a human steward on-board, or if they are operated as a demand-responsive service with fixed routes, related to self driving.","The popularity of self-driving busses decreases with the presence of a human steward on-board, or if they are operated as a demand-responsive service with fixed routes."
338,G06.2_2982382045_8,"People who currently show a strong interest in technology or trust in automated vehicle technology perceive the self-driving busses better than others, related to self driving.",People who currently show a strong interest in technology or trust in automated vehicle technology perceive the self-driving busses better than others.
339,G06.2_2982382045_9,"Preferences towards automated public transport services are expected to evolve along with the transition from demonstration pilots to their deployment in regular operations, related to self driving.",Preferences for automated public transport services are expected to evolve with their deployment in regular operations.
340,G06.2_2935172463_1,"The management of self-driving systems is becoming more complex as the development of self-driving technology progresses, related to self driving.",The management of self-driving systems is becoming more complex as the development of self-driving technology progresses.
341,G06.2_2935172463_1,"One approach to the development of self-driving systems is the use of ROS; however, the system used in the automotive industry is typically designed using MATLAB/Simulink, which can simulate and evaluate the models used for self-driving, related to self driving.","Self-driving systems use Robot Operating System (open-source software framework used in the development of robot applications). However, in the automotive industry, the system is designed using MATLAB/Simulink, which can simulate and evaluate the models used for self-driving."
342,G06.2_2935172463_2,"These models are incompatible with ROS-based systems, related to self driving.",These models are incompatible with systems based on Robot Operating System.
343,G06.2_2935172463_3,"To allow the two to be used in tandem, it is necessary to rewrite the C++ code and incorporate them into the ROS-based system, which makes development inefficient, related to self driving.","To use both, it is necessary to incorporate new code into the system based on Robot Operating System, which makes development inefficient."
344,G06.2_2935172463_4,"Therefore, the proposed framework allows models created using MATLAB/Simulink to be used in a ROS-based self-driving system, thereby improving development efficiency, related to self driving.","Therefore, the proposed framework allows models created using MATLAB/Simulink to be used in a self-driving system, which improve development efficiency."
345,G06.2_2935172463_6,"Furthermore, our evaluations of the proposed framework demonstrated its practical potential, related to self driving.","Furthermore, our evaluations of the proposed framework demonstrated its practical potential."
346,G07.1_2239526842_1,"Online Social Networks OSNs have become increasingly popular means of information sharing among users, related to misinformation.",Social media have become popular means of information sharing.
347,G07.1_2239526842_1,"The spread of news regarding emergency events is common in OSNs and so is the spread of misinformation related to the event, related to misinformation.",The spread of news regarding emergency events is common in social media but so is the spread of misinformation.
348,G07.1_2239526842_3,"We define as misinformation any false or inaccurate information that is spread either intentionally or unintentionally, related to misinformation.",Misinformation is any false or inaccurate information that is spread intentionally or not.
349,G07.1_2239526842_2,"In this paper we study the problem of misinformation identification in OSNs, and we focus in particular on the Twitter social network, related to misinformation.","In this paper we study the problem of misinformation identification in social media, and we focus in particular on Twitter."
350,G07.1_2239526842_5,"Based on user and tweets characteristics, we build a misinformation detection model that identifies suspicious behavioral patterns and exploits supervised learning techniques to detect misinformation, related to misinformation.",We build a misinformation detection model that identifies suspicious behavioral patterns and detect misinformation.
351,G07.1_2239526842_6,"Our extensive experimental results on 80294 unique tweets and 59660 users illustrate that our approach effectively identifies misinformation during emergencies, related to misinformation.",We found 80294 unique tweets and 59660 users. It illustrates that our approach identifies misinformation during emergencies.
352,G07.1_2239526842_7,"Furthermore, our model manages to timely identify misinformation, a feature that can be used to limit the spread of the misinformation, related to misinformation.","Our model manages to timely identify misinformation, it can be used to limit the spread of the misinformation."
353,G07.1_2894304194_1,"Superintelligence is a potential type of future artificial intelligence (AI) that is significantly more intelligent than humans in all major respects, related to misinformation.",Superintelligence is a potential future artificial intelligence (AI) significantly more intelligent than humans.
354,G07.1_2894304194_2,"If built, superintelligence could be a transformative event, with potential consequences that are massively beneficial or catastrophic, related to misinformation.","Superintelligence could be a major event, with potential consequences that are beneficial or catastrophic."
355,G07.1_2894304194_3,"Meanwhile, the prospect of superintelligence is the subject of major ongoing debate, which includes a significant amount of misinformation, related to misinformation.","The prospect of superintelligence is the subject of major debate, which includes a lot of misinformation."
356,G07.1_2894304194_4,"Superintelligence misinformation is potentially dangerous, ultimately leading bad decisions by the would-be developers of superintelligence and those who influence them, related to misinformation.","Superintelligence misinformation could be dangerous, and lead to bad decisions by the people that could work on the project."
357,G07.1_2894304194_5,"This paper surveys strategies to counter superintelligence misinformation, related to misinformation.",This paper searches for strategies to counter superintelligence misinformation.
358,G07.1_2894304194_6,"Two types of strategies are examined: strategies to prevent the spread of superintelligence misinformation and strategies to correct it after it has spread, related to misinformation.",Two strategies are examined: to prevent the spread of misinformation and to correct it after it has spread.
359,G07.1_2894304194_7,"In general, misinformation can be difficult to correct, suggesting a high value of strategies to prevent it, related to misinformation.","Misinformation can be difficult to correct, so preventing it seems to be the best strategy."
360,G07.1_2894304194_8,"The strategies proposed can be applied to lay public attention to superintelligence, AI education programs, and efforts to build expert consensus, related to misinformation.","The strategies proposed can be used to bring public attention to superintelligence, AI education programs, and efforts to build expert consensus."
361,G07.1_2950010073_1,"The widespread online misinformation could cause public panic and serious economic damages, related to misinformation.",The online misinformation could cause public panic and serious economic damages.
362,G07.1_2950010073_2,"The misinformation containment problem aims at limiting the spread of misinformation in online social networks by launching competing campaigns, related to misinformation.",The goal of misinformation containment is to limit the spread of misinformation in online social networks by launching campaigns to counter misinformation.
363,G07.1_2950010073_3,"Motivated by realistic scenarios, we present the first analysis of the misinformation containment problem for the case when an arbitrary number of cascades are allowed, related to misinformation.",We present the first analysis of the misinformation containment problem with a random number of cascades (people observe the actions of others and then make the same choice) allowed.
364,G07.1_2950010073_4,"First, we provide a formal model for multi-cascade diffusion and introduce an important concept called as cascade priority, related to misinformation.","First, we provide a diffusion model and introduce an important concept called as cascade priority."
365,G07.1_2950010073_5,"Second, we show that the misinformation containment problem cannot be approximated within a factor of $\\Omega(2^{\\log^{1-\\epsilon}n^4})$ in polynomial time unless $NP \\subseteq DTIME(n^{\\polylog{n}})$, related to misinformation.","Second, we show that the misinformation containment problem cannot be approximated within a factor of Ω(2log1−ϵn4) in polynomial time unless $NP \subseteq DTIME(n^{\polylog{n}})$"
366,G07.1_2950010073_6,"Third, we introduce several types of cascade priority that are frequently seen in real social networks, related to misinformation.","Third, we introduce several types of cascade priority that are frequently seen in social networks."
367,G07.1_2950010073_7,"Finally, we design novel algorithms for solving the misinformation containment problem, related to misinformation.","Finally, we design algorithms for solving the misinformation containment problem."
368,G07.1_2950010073_8,"The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is supported by encouraging experimental results, related to misinformation.",The proposed algorithm is effective and shows encouraging results.
369,G07.1_2100028027_1,"Inaccurate information, in the field of library and information science, is often regarded as a problem that needs to be corrected or simply understood as either misinformation or disinformation without further consideration, related to misinformation.",Inaccurate information is often regarded as a problem that needs to be corrected or simply understood as misinformation or disinformation without further consideration.
370,G07.1_2100028027_2,"Misinformation and disinformation, however, may cause significant problems for users in online environments, where they are constantly exposed to an abundance of inaccurate and/or misleading information, related to misinformation.",Misinformation and disinformation may cause problems online because users are constantly exposed to inaccurate and/or false information.
371,G07.1_2100028027_3,"This paper aims to establish conceptual groundwork for future empirical research by examining the relationships among information, misinformation, and disinformation, related to misinformation.","This paper aims to establish preliminary work for future research by examining the relationships among information, misinformation, and disinformation."
372,G07.1_2100028027_4,"Our analysis extends to a discussion of cues to deception, as means for detecting misinformation and disinformation, related to misinformation.",Our analysis extends to a discussion of means for detecting misinformation and disinformation.
373,G07.1_2100028027_5,"We argue that misinformation and disinformation are related yet distinct sub-categories of information, related to misinformation.",We argue that misinformation and disinformation are related but distinct sub-categories of information.
374,G07.1_2100028027_6,"Misinformation is a multifaceted concept, more complex than simply being inaccurate or incomplete, and disinformation does not always entail misinformation, related to misinformation.","Misinformation is more complex than simply being inaccurate or incomplete, and disinformation does not always involve misinformation."
375,G07.1_2111507945_1,"The growth of social media provides a convenient communication scheme for people, but at the same time it becomes a hotbed of misinformation, related to misinformation.","The growth of social media leads to better communication between people, but also propagation of misinformation."
376,G07.1_2111507945_2,"The wide spread of misinformation over social media is injurious to public interest, related to misinformation.",The wide spread of misinformation over social media have bad consequences for public interest.
377,G07.1_2111507945_3,"We design a framework, which integrates collective intelligence and machine intelligence, to help identify misinformation, related to misinformation.",We design a framework to help identify misinformation.
378,G07.1_2111507945_4,"The basic idea is: (1) automatically index the expertise of users according to their microblog contents; and (2) match the experts with given suspected misinformation, related to misinformation.",The idea is to index the expertise of users and to match the experts with given suspected misinformation.
379,G07.1_2111507945_5,"By sending the suspected misinformation to appropriate experts, we can collect the assessments of experts to judge the credibility of information, and help refute misinformation, related to misinformation.","By sending the suspected misinformation to appropriate experts, they can judge the credibility of information, and help refute misinformation."
380,G07.1_2111507945_6,"In this paper, we focus on expert finding for misinformation identification, related to misinformation.","In this paper, we focus on finding appropriate experts for misinformation identification."
381,G07.1_2111507945_7,"We propose a tag-based method to index the expertise of microblog users with social tags, related to misinformation.",We propose a method to index the expertise of users with tags.
382,G07.1_2111507945_8,"Experiments on a real world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for expert finding with respect to misinformation identification in microblogs, related to misinformation.",Experiments on a real world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for expert finding for misinformation identification.
383,G07.1_2124690797_1,"The importance of research on misinformation has received wide recognition, related to misinformation.",The importance of research on misinformation has received wide recognition.
384,G07.1_2124690797_2,"Two major challenges faced by this research community are the lack of theoretical models and the scarcity of misinformation in support of such research, related to misinformation.",Two major challenges faced by this research community are the lack of theoretical models and the rare misinformation data.
385,G07.1_2124690797_3,"This paper aims to address the aforementioned challenges by conceptualizing misinformation and enabling the interoperability of misinformation, related to misinformation.",This paper aims to address these challenges by conceptualizing misinformation and being able to completely understand and work on misinformation.
386,G07.1_2124690797_4,"In particular, a representation and a model of misinformation are proposed through surveying, synthesizing, and explicating existing work in the field, related to misinformation.",A representation and a model of misinformation are proposed through existing work in the field.
387,G07.1_2124690797_5,"The ontology-supported misinformation model can not only guide future misinformation research but also lay the foundation for building a digital misinformation library by advancing our knowledge on misinformation and by improving its sharing, management, and reuse, related to misinformation.","The model can guide future misinformation research and help building a digital misinformation library by advancing our knowledge on misinformation and by improving its sharing, management, and reuse."
388,G07.1_2124690797_6,"In addition, we present a formal methodology for managing misinformation in a digital library, and suggest future research directions related to the misinformation model, related to misinformation.","In addition, we present a methodology for managing misinformation in a digital library, and suggest future research directions."
389,G07.2_2773680786_1,"Conspiracy theories have gained much academic and media attention recently, due to their large impact on public events, related to conspiracy theories.","Conspiracy theories have gained much attention recently, due to their large impact on public events."
390,G07.2_2773680786_2,"However, little is known about how conspiracy theories are produced and developed on social media, related to conspiracy theories.",Little is known about how conspiracy theories are produced and developed on social media.
391,G07.2_2773680786_3,"We present a qualitative study of conspiracy theorizing on Reddit during a public health crisis--the Zika virus outbreak, related to conspiracy theories.",We present a study of conspiracy theory creation on Reddit during a public health crisis.
392,G07.2_2773680786_1,"Using a mixed-methods approach including content analysis and discourse analysis, we identified types of conspiracy theories that appeared on Reddit in response to the Zika crisis, the conditions under which Zika conspiracy theories emerge, and the particular discursive strategies through which Zika conspiracy theories developed in online forums, related to conspiracy theories.","Using content and discourse analysis, we identified types of conspiracy theories that appeared on Reddit in response to the crisis, the conditions of their creation, and the strategies of their development in online forums."
393,G07.2_2773680786_5,"Our analysis shows that conspiracy talk emerged as people attempted to make sense of a public health crisis, reflecting their emergent information needs and their pervasive distrust in formal sources of Zika information, related to conspiracy theories.","Our analysis shows that conspiracy talk come from people trying to make sense of a public health crisis, which reflect their information needs and their lack of confidence in formal sources of information."
394,G07.2_2773680786_6,"Practical implications for social computing researchers, health practitioners, and policymakers are discussed, related to conspiracy theories.","Implications for social computing researchers, health practitioners, and policymakers are discussed."
395,G07.2_2899514909_1,"Conspiracy theories are omnipresent in online discussions---whether to explain a late-breaking event that still lacks official report or to give voice to political dissent, related to conspiracy theories.",Conspiracy theories are omnipresent in online discussions.
396,G07.2_2899514909_2,"Conspiracy theories evolve, multiply, and interconnect, further complicating efforts to understand them and to limit their propagation, related to conspiracy theories.","Conspiracy theories evolve, multiply, and interconnect, complicating how to understand them and to limit their propagation."
397,G07.2_2899514909_3,"It is therefore crucial to develop scalable methods to examine the nature of conspiratorial discussions in online communities, related to conspiracy theories.",It is crucial to develop methods to examine the nature of these conspiratorial discussions.
398,G07.2_2899514909_1,"What do users talk about when they discuss conspiracy theories online? What are the recurring elements in their discussions? What do these elements tell us about the way users think? This work answers these questions by analyzing over ten years of discussions in r/conspiracy---an online community on Reddit dedicated to conspiratorial discussions, related to conspiracy theories.",What do users talk about? What are the recurring elements in their discussions? What do these elements tell us about the way users think? This work answers these questions by analyzing over ten years of discussions in an online community on the social media Reddit dedicated to conspiratorial discussions.
399,G07.2_2899514909_5,"We focus on the key elements of a conspiracy theory: the conspiratorial agents, the actions they perform, and their targets, related to conspiracy theories.","We focus on the key elements of a conspiracy theory: the conspiratorial agents, the actions they perform, and their targets."
400,G07.2_2899514909_2,"For example, a narrative-motif such as \""governmental agency-controls-communications\"" represents the various ways in which multiple conspiratorial statements denote how governmental agencies control information, related to conspiracy theories.","For example, a narrative-motif (an idea) such as ""governmental agency-controls-communications"" represents the various ways in which multiple conspiratorial statements suggest how governmental agencies control information."
401,G07.2_2899514909_3,"Thus, narrative-motifs expose commonalities between multiple conspiracy theories even when they refer to different events or circumstances, related to conspiracy theories.",Narrative-motifs expose similarities between multiple conspiracy theories even when they refer to different events or circumstances.
402,G07.2_2899514909_8,"In the process, these representations help us understand how users talk about conspiracy theories and offer us a means to interpret what they talk about, related to conspiracy theories.",These representations help us understand how users talk about conspiracy theories and offer us a means to interpret what they talk about.
403,G07.2_2899514909_9,"Our approach enables a population-scale study of conspiracy theories in alternative news and social media with implications for understanding their adoption and combating their spread, related to conspiracy theories.",Our approach enables a population-scale study of conspiracy theories in alternative news and social media and ways to understand them and limit their propagation.
404,G07.2_2749521565_1,"Yet contemporary work in Philosophy argues provisional belief in conspiracy theories is—at the very—least understandable (because conspiracies occur) and if we take an evidential approach—judging individual conspiracy theories on their particular merits—belief in such theories turns out to be warranted in a range of cases, related to conspiracy theories.","To believe in conspiracy theories is understandable as conspiracies occur and if we take an evidential approach, belief in such theories turns out to be warranted in a range of cases."
405,G07.2_2749521565_1,"Drawing on this work, I examine the kinds of evidence typically associated with conspiracy theories, showing that the evidential problems typically associated with conspiracy theories are not unique to such theories, related to conspiracy theories.","Drawing on this work, I examine evidence associated with conspiracy theories, showing that the evidential problems are not unique to conspiracy theories."
406,G07.2_2749521565_2,"As such, if there is a problem with the conspiracy theorist’s use of evidence, it is one of principle: is the principle which guides their use of evidence somehow in error? I argue that whatever we might think about conspiracy theories generally, there is no prima facie case for a scepticism of conspiracy theories based purely on their use of evidence, related to conspiracy theories.","The problem with the use of evidence of conspiracy theorist could be the principle which guides their use of it. I argue that there is no ground to be suspicious of conspiracy theories as a whole, because those are based on evidence."
407,G08.1_2907181942_1,"Cryptocurrency is a rapid developing financial technology innovation which has attracted a large number of people around the world, related to cryptocurrency.",Cryptocurrency is a financial technology innovation which has attracted many people around the world.
408,G08.1_2907181942_2,"The high-speed evolution, radical price fluctuations of cryptocurrency, and the inconsistent attitudes of monetary authorities in different countries have triggered panic and chain reactions towards the application and adoption of cryptocurrency and have caused public security related events, related to cryptocurrency.","The high-speed evolution, radical price fluctuations of cryptocurrency, and the inconsistent attitudes of monetary authorities in different countries have caused panic."
409,G08.1_2907181942_3,"In this paper, we analyze the dynamics and systemic risk of the cryptocurrency market based on the public available price history, related to cryptocurrency.","In this paper, we analyze the dynamics and risks of the cryptocurrency market."
410,G08.1_2907181942_4,"Furthermore, consistent with public perception, our quantitative analysis reveals that the cryptocurrency market is relatively fragile and unstable, related to cryptocurrency.","Consistent with public perception, our analysis reveals that the cryptocurrency market is fragile and unstable."
411,G08.1_2806518684_1,"Blockchain technology is the underlying enabling technology developed for Bitcoin, the most common cryptocurrency, related to cryptocurrency.","Blockchain technology is a technology developed for Bitcoin, the most common cryptocurrency."
412,G08.1_2806518684_2,"Blockchain technologies have become increasingly popular with the potential to become a powerful disruptive force, related to cryptocurrency.",Blockchain technologies have become popular with the potential to become a powerful disruptive force.
413,G08.1_2806518684_3,"Individuals and organizations may benefit from blockchain with its ability to increase secure data exchange and to make that transaction simpler and easier between entities, related to cryptocurrency.",People and organizations may use it to increase secure data exchange and make transactions simpler and easier.
414,G08.1_2806518684_4,"We investigate factors that influence an individualu0027s intention to use a blockchain cryptocurrency, related to cryptocurrency.",We investigate what influence people to use a blockchain cryptocurrency.
415,G08.1_2806518684_5,"We develop a model of cryptocurrency adoption grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to: identify the determinants for the acceptance of cryptocurrency and explore the relative importance of each construct, related to cryptocurrency.",We develop a model of cryptocurrency adoption to identify how cryptocurrency is accepted.
416,G08.1_2806518684_6,"We offer empirical evidence for a better theoretical understanding of cryptocurrency adoption with practical implications in an e-government context, related to cryptocurrency.",Our evidence allow a better understanding of cryptocurrency adoption.
417,G08.1_2972302621_1,"Cryptocurrency was built initially as a possible implementation of digital currency, then various derivatives were created in a variety of fields such as financial transactions, capital management, and even nonmonetary applications, related to cryptocurrency.","Cryptocurrency was initially an implementation of digital currency, then derivatives were created in various fields."
418,G08.1_2972302621_2,"This paper aims to offer analytical insights to help understand cryptocurrency by treating it as a financial asset, related to cryptocurrency.",This paper aims to help understand cryptocurrency.
419,G08.1_2972302621_3,"We position cryptocurrency by comparing its dynamic characteristics with two traditional and massively adopted financial assets: foreign exchange and stock, related to cryptocurrency.",We compared cryptocurrency with foreign exchange and stock.
420,G08.1_2972302621_4,"Our investigation suggests that the dynamics of cryptocurrency are more similar to stock, related to cryptocurrency.",Our investigation suggests that cryptocurrency is similar to stock.
421,G08.1_2972302621_5,"As to the robustness and clustering structure, our analysis shows cryptocurrency market is more fragile than stock market, thus it is currently a high-risk financial market, related to cryptocurrency.","Our analysis shows that cryptocurrency market is more fragile than stock market, thus it is currently a high-risk financial market."
422,G08.1_3004077497_1,"The smart device owning rate such as smart phone and smart watch is higher than ever before and mobile payment has become one of the major payment methods in many different areas, related to cryptocurrency.",The owning rate of smart devices is higher than ever before and mobile payment has become a major payment method.
423,G08.1_3004077497_1,"At the same time, blockchain-based cryptocurrency is becoming a nonnegligible type of currency and the total value of all types of cryptocurrency has reached USD 200 billion, related to cryptocurrency.",Cryptocurrency is becoming an important type of currency and the total value of cryptocurrencies has reached USD 200 billion.
424,G08.1_3004077497_2,"Therefore, it is a natural demand to support cryptocurrency payment on mobile devices, related to cryptocurrency.","Therefore, support of cryptocurrency payment on mobile devices is a natural demand."
425,G08.1_3004077497_3,"Considering the poor infrastructure and low penetration of financial service in developing countries, this combination is especially attractive, related to cryptocurrency.","Considering the poor infrastructure and the low usage of financial service in developing countries, this combination is especially attractive."
426,G08.1_3004077497_4,"The high storage cost and payment processing latency are the two main obstacles for mobile payment using cryptocurrency, related to cryptocurrency.",The high storage cost and payment processing latency are two obstacles for cryptocurrency mobile payment.
427,G08.1_3004077497_5,"We propose two different schemes for cryptocurrency mobile payment, one involves a centralized bank and the other one does not require any centralized party, related to cryptocurrency.","We propose two solutions, one with a centralized bank and the other one without any centralized party."
428,G08.1_3004077497_6,"We also provide a solution for the bank to meet KYC (know your customer)/AML (antimoney laundering) compliance requirements when it is involved in cryptocurrency mobile payment processing, related to cryptocurrency.",We also provide a solution for the bank to meet KYC (know your customer)/AML (antimoney laundering) expectations about cryptocurrency mobile payment.
429,G08.2_1607424157_1,"Motivated by recent financial crises significant research efforts have been put into studying contagion effects and herding behaviour in financial markets, related to financial markets.","Motivated by recent financial crises, research efforts have been put into studying contagion effects (spread of market disturbances) and herding behaviour (individuals acting collectively without centralized direction) in financial markets."
430,G08.2_1607424157_2,"Much less has been said about influence of financial news on financial markets, related to financial markets.",Much less has been said about influence of financial news on financial markets.
431,G08.2_1607424157_2,"We propose a novel measure of collective behaviour in financial news on the Web, News Cohesiveness Index (NCI), and show that it can be used as a systemic risk indicator, related to financial markets.","We propose a measure of collective behaviour in financial news on the Web, News Cohesiveness Index (NCI), and show that it can be used as a systemic risk indicator, which signals probability of financial system crises."
432,G08.2_1607424157_3,"We evaluate the NCI on financial documents from large Web news sources on a daily basis from October 2011 to July 2013 and analyse the interplay between financial markets and financially related news, related to financial markets.",We evaluate the NCI on financial documents from Web news sources and analyse the relation between financial markets and financial news.
433,G08.2_1607424157_5,"We hypothesized that strong cohesion in financial news reflects movements in the financial markets, related to financial markets.",We hypothesized that strong cohesion in financial news reflects variations in the financial markets.
434,G08.2_1607424157_4,"Cohesiveness is more general and robust measure of systemic risk expressed in news, than measures based on simple occurrences of specific terms, related to financial markets.","Cohesiveness is a better measure of systemic risk expressed in news, than measures based on simple occurrences of specific terms."
435,G08.2_1607424157_5,"Our results indicate that cohesiveness in the financial news is highly correlated with and driven by volatility on the financial markets, related to financial markets.",Our results show that cohesiveness in the financial news is highly correlated with variations in the financial markets.
436,G08.2_2807531787_1,"In this paper, I propose a methodology to study the comovement between the entropy of different financial markets, related to financial markets.","In this paper, I propose a methodology to study the comovement (correlation on profits on investment) between the entropy (randomness and uncertainty) of different financial markets."
437,G08.2_2807531787_2,"The entropy is derived using singular value decomposition of the components of stock market indices in financial markets from selected developed economies, i,e,, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, related to financial markets.","The entropy is based on the components measuring the stock market in financial markets from selected developed economies (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States)."
438,G08.2_2807531787_3,"I study how a shock in the entropy in the United States affects the entropy in the other financial markets, related to financial markets.",I study how a shock in the entropy in the United States affects the entropy in the other financial markets.
439,G08.2_2807531787_4,"I also model the entropy using a dynamic factor model and derive a common factor behind the entropy movements in these four markets, related to financial markets.",I also model the entropy using different time variables and obtain a common factor behind the entropy movements in these four markets.
440,G09.1_2202800066_1,"Mobile devices are very common in everyone’s day-to- day life, related to forensics.",Mobile devices are very common in everyone’s day-to-day life.
441,G09.1_2202800066_2,"Nowadays such devices come with many features of desktop or laptop, related to forensics.",Nowadays such devices come with many features of computers.
442,G09.1_2202800066_3,"Hence people can use these devices for diverse applications, related to forensics.",People can use these devices for diverse applications.
443,G09.1_2202800066_4,"As the acceptability and usability of such devices are very high, there are chances that these devices can be used for illegal activities, related to forensics.",There are chances that these devices can be used for illegal activities.
444,G09.1_2202800066_5,"The percentage of mobile phones or smart phones involved in cyber crimes is in hike, related to forensics.",The percentage of mobile phones or smart phones involved in cyber crimes is increasing.
445,G09.1_2202800066_1,"So it becomes necessary to digitally analyze such devices requiring cyber forensics tools, related to forensics.",So it becomes necessary to digitally analyze such devices with cyber forensics tools.
446,G09.1_2202800066_7,"This paper discusses different types of digital evidence present in Microsoft’s Windows Mobile smart phones and an agent based approach for logically acquiring such devices, related to forensics.",This paper discusses different types of digital evidence present in Microsoft’s Windows Mobile smart phones and how to acquire such devices.
447,G09.1_2202800066_8,"Also it describes a tool developed for forensically acquiring and analyzing Windows Mobile devices and WinCE PDAs, related to forensics.",Also it describes a forensic tool for acquiring and analyzing Windows Mobile devices and personal digital assistants.
448,G09.1_2921035272_1,"The increasing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has made it inevitable that their pertinence to digital forensic investigations will increase into the foreseeable future, related to forensics.","Internet of Things (IoT) devices (devices connected to the internet, collecting and sharing data) will be used in digital forensic investigations in the future."
449,G09.1_2921035272_2,"These devices produced by various vendors often posses limited standard interfaces for communication, such as USB ports or WiFi/Bluetooth wireless interfaces, related to forensics.","These devices have limited interfaces for communication, such as USB ports or WiFi/Bluetooth wireless interfaces."
450,G09.1_2921035272_2,"Meanwhile, with an increasing mainstream focus on the security and privacy of user data, built-in encryption is becoming commonplace in consumer-level computing devices, and IoT devices are no exception, related to forensics.","Meanwhile, with an increasing focus on the security and privacy of user data, built-in encryption (which encode information) is becoming commonplace in devices."
451,G09.1_2921035272_3,"Under these circumstances, a significant challenge is presented to digital forensic investigations where data from IoT devices needs to be analysed, related to forensics.","This presents a significant challenge to digital forensic investigations, where data from IoT devices needs to be analysed."
452,G09.1_2921035272_4,"This work explores the electromagnetic (EM) side-channel analysis literature for the purpose of assisting digital forensic investigations on IoT devices, related to forensics.",This work explores the electromagnetic (EM) side-channel analysis literature for the purpose of assisting digital forensic investigations on IoT devices.
453,G09.1_2921035272_5,"EM side-channel analysis is a technique where unintentional electromagnetic emissions are used for eavesdropping on the operations and data handling of computing devices, related to forensics.",EM side-channel analysis is a technique where electromagnetic emissions are used for eavesdropping on the operations and data handling of devices.
454,G09.1_2921035272_6,"The non-intrusive nature of EM side-channel approaches makes it a viable option to assist digital forensic investigations as these attacks require, and must result in, no modification to the target device, related to forensics.",The non-intrusive nature of EM side-channel approaches makes it a viable option to assist digital forensic investigations as these attacks require no modification to the target device.
455,G09.1_2921035272_7,"The literature on various EM side-channel analysis attack techniques are discussed – selected on the basis of their applicability in IoT device investigation scenarios, related to forensics.",The literature on various EM side-channel analysis attack techniques are discussed – selected according to their applicability in IoT device investigations.
456,G09.1_2921035272_8,"The insight gained from the background study is used to identify promising future applications of the technique for digital forensic analysis on IoT devices – potentially progressing a wide variety of currently hindered digital investigations, related to forensics.",The data obtained from our survey are used to identify promising future applications of the technique for digital forensic analysis on IoT devices.
457,G09.1_1965213295_1,"The use of mobile phone forensics to investigate fraudulent activity is nothing new, related to forensics.",The use of mobile phone forensics to investigate fraudulent activity is nothing new.
458,G09.1_1965213295_2,"But mobile phones have evolved into smartphones, and fraudsters have evolved with them, related to forensics.","But mobile phones have evolved into smartphones, and fraudsters have evolved with them."
459,G09.1_1965213295_1,"Smartphones are packed with functionality that can easily be used for data theft or inappropriate contact with other parties - none of which passes through company-owned systems, and is to all intents and purposes 'off the grid', related to forensics.",Smartphones have functionalities that can be used for data theft or inappropriate contact with other parties. They are out of the systems of the company and are not monitored or controlled.
460,G09.1_1965213295_4,"Employers need to be aware of these risks when devices are issued, along with ensuring that processes are in place when suspicions are raised, explains Philip Ridley of CCL-Forensics, related to forensics.",Employers need to be aware of these risks when devices are delivered and have processes when suspicions are raised.
461,G09.1_1965213295_2,"Detecting 'tech-savvy' corporate fraudsters is a constant game of catch-up, related to forensics.",Detecting fraudsters with computer skills is a constant game of catch-up.
462,G09.1_1965213295_6,"It's not only about playing catch-up with the intellect, motives and awareness of the e-fraudster, but also the technologies that can be misused, related to forensics.","It's not only about playing catch-up with the cyberfraudster, but also the technologies that can be misused."
463,G09.1_1965213295_7,"What's more, the methods through which the technology can be manipulated to secrete, disguise and protect fraudulent activities - all while staying away from corporate networks where they can readily be monitored and detected - are constantly evolving, related to forensics.","Moreover, the methods assisting fraudulent activities (still out of reach of company systems) are constantly evolving."
464,G09.1_1965213295_8,"This means a company's intellectual property and sensitive data is at risk of sabotage or just good old-fashioned theft, related to forensics.",This means a company's intellectual property and sensitive data is at risk of sabotage or theft.
465,G09.1_2047319275_1,"Phishers continue to alter the source code of the web pages used in their attacks to mimic changes to legitimate websites of spoofed organizations and to avoid detection by phishing countermeasures, related to forensics.","Phishers, people who attempt to trick people over the internet to steal their money, continue to modify the web pages used in their attacks to imitate websites of spoofed organizations and to avoid detection by phishing countermeasures."
466,G09.1_2047319275_2,"Manipulations can be as subtle as source code changes or as apparent as adding or removing significant content, related to forensics.","Manipulations can be as subtle as changing the source code, which is the programming instructions, or as apparent as adding or removing significant content."
467,G09.1_2047319275_3,"To appropriately respond to these changes to phishing campaigns, a cadre of file matching algorithms is implemented to detect phishing websites based on their content, employing a custom data set consisting of 17,992 phishing attacks targeting 159 different brands, related to forensics.","To respond to these changes to phishing campaigns, algorithms are used to detect phishing websites based on their content, employing a data set consisting of 17,992 phishing attacks targeting 159 different brands."
468,G09.1_2047319275_4,"The results of the experiments using a variety of different content-based approaches demonstrate that some can achieve a detection rate of greater than 90% while maintaining a low false positive rate, related to forensics.",The results of the experiments using different approaches demonstrate that some can achieve a detection rate of greater than 90% while maintaining a low false positive rate.
469,M1_1_1,"The focus of the early post-exercise period (i,e,, 1–8 h) is to enhance physiological processes that are critical for reversing the exercise-induced disturbances to homeostasis and physiological function and for promoting adaptations to training [1], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The period after exercise (1-8h) enhances the body's processes that reverse the effects of the exercise and promotes adaptation to the training.
470,M1_2_1,"Recommended nutritional strategies to maximize recovery in skeletal muscle include protein for enhancing rates of protein synthesis and carbohydrate for replenishing glycogen stores [2],[3], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Nutritional strategies to optimize muscle recovery include proteins which are recommended to allow protein synthesis (production of new proteins which improve, for example, muscle mass) and carbohydrates to recharge glycogen stores (energy storage)."
471,M1_3_1,"Muscle contraction and the intake of leucine-rich protein sources activate independent but complimentary signaling responses that converge at the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) to stimulate protein translation enhancing rates of muscle protein synthesis [4]–[6], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Muscle contraction and consumption of leucine-rich protein (essential amino acid composing proteins) induce reactions which increase the protein synthesis.
472,M1_4_1,"The ingestion of ∼20–25 g of high quality protein soon after exercise [7], repeated every 4 h [8] has been shown to maximise the anabolic response in skeletal muscle, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Consumption of 20-25 g of high quality protein after exercise and repeated every 4 h showed an optimal anabolic response (increasing muscle mass) of the muscles.
473,M1_6_1,"The cultural environment surrounding some sports often involves the intake of large amounts of alcohol after training and competition, with athletes in several team sports being particularly at risk of “binge drinking” practices [9]–[11], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Several studies showed that athletes are more likely to drink alcohol to excess (50-65% drink above dangerous level).
474,M1_7_1,"The outcomes of binge drinking after exercise are likely to include the direct effect of alcohol on physiological processes as well as the indirect effect on the athlete's recovery due to not eating or resting adequately as a result of intoxication, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Consequences of an excessive consumption after exercise are direct effect on the body but also indirect effect on the recovery due to an inappropriate eating and rest.
475,M1_8_1,"Although the concurrent consumption of carbohydrate can partially offset the deleterious effects of alcohol intake on post-exercise glycogen resynthesis [14], the effect of alcohol consumption on muscle protein synthesis is unknown, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Consumption of carbohydrates can partially counter balance the effects of alcohol on the recharge of glycogen stores but the effect on muscle protein synthesis are unknown.
476,M1_9_1,"The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of alcohol intake on anabolic cell signaling and rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) in humans during recovery from a bout of strenuous exercise approximating stresses an athlete may experience in training and performance for various team sports such as various football and rugby codes, and court sports, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The aim of this study was to determine the effect of alcohol on anabolism and protein synthesis in humans during recovery following an effort an athlete could do (in rugby or football for example).
477,M1_10_1,"We hypothesized that compared to post-exercise protein intake, co-ingestion of alcohol would down-regulate translation initiation signaling and decrease rates of MPS, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",We assumed that consumption of protein and alcohol (compared to protein only) would reduce protein synthesis.
478,M1_11_1,"Eight healthy physically active male subjects (age 21,4±4,8 yr, body mass (BM) 79,3±11,9 kg, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) 48,1±4,8 mL·kg−1·min−1, leg extension one repetition maximum (1RM) 104±20 kg; values are mean ± SD) who had been participating in regular exercise (3 times wk−1 for >6 months) volunteered for this study, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Eight healthy physically active men (3 trainings per week for at least 6 months) volunteered for this study.
479,M1_12_1,"The study employed a randomized counter-balanced, cross-over design in which each subject completed bouts of consecutive resistance, continuous and intermittent high-intensity exercise with either post-exercise ingestion of alcohol-carbohydrate (ALC-CHO), alcohol-protein (ALC-PRO) or protein only (PRO) beverages on three separate occasions, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Subjects did high intensity exercise and just after consumed an alcohol-carbohydrate, an alcohol-protein or a protein drink in three separate occasions."
480,M1_13_1,"Resistance exercise consisted of eight sets of five repetitions at ∼80% of 1RM, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Training consisted of eight sets of five repetitions of leg extension at 80% of their maximum strength.
481,M1_14_1,"After completion of the final set, subjects rested for 5 min before commencing 30 min of continuous cycling at ∼63% PPO (∼70% VO2peak), related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","After 5 minutes rest, subjects cycled for 30 minutes at medium intensity,"
482,M1_15_1,"Upon completion, subjects rested on the bike for 2 min before undertaking 10×30 s high intensity intervals at ∼110% of PPO, with 30 s active recovery (∼50% PPO) between each work bout, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",then 5 minutes at high intensity.
483,M1_16_1,"Immediately following exercise and after 4 h recovery, subjects ingested a 500 mL solution of either protein (PRO, 25 g whey protein powder; ISO8, Musashi, Melbourne, VIC Australia) or an energy-match in the form of CHO (25 g maltodextrin, International Health Investments, Helensvale, QLD Australia), related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Immediately following exercise and after 4 h recovery, subjects consumed a 500mL drink of protein or carbohydrates."
484,M1_17_1,"Furthermore, a CHO-based meal (1,5 g·kg−1 BM) was consumed ∼2 h post-exercise, immediately after the muscle biopsy, according to recommendations for post-exercise glycogen recovery [24], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","A carbohydrate meal was consumed 2 h after exercise, according to recommendation for glycogen recovery."
485,M1_18_1,"The 8 h time frame represents an important phase of post-exercise recovery [1] as well as the period during which blood alcohol concentrations are likely to be elevated by a post-event drinking binge [14], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The 8 h period after exercise is an important phase for recovery but also the period during which blood alcohol level may be the highest after excessive consumption of alcohol.
486,M1_19_1,"The alcohol ingestion protocol (1,5 g·kg−1 BM; 12±2 standard drinks) began 1 h post-exercise and was consumed in 6 equal volumes of 1 part vodka (∼60 mL) to four parts orange juice (∼240 mL, 1,8 g CHO·kg−1 BM) during a 3 h period, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The alcohol consumption started 1 h after exercise with 6 drinks (60mL of vodka and 240mL of orange juice) and during 3 h.
487,M1_20_1,"For the PRO condition, orange juice was consumed with a matched volume of water in place of the alcohol, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","For the protein drink, orange juice was consumed with water instead of alcohol."
488,M1_21_1,"Subjects ingested the beverages within 5 min every 30 min, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Subjects consumed the drinks in 5 minutes every 30 minutes.
489,M1_22_1,"Blood, cell signaling and mRNA data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (two factor: time × treatment) with repeated measures and myofibrillar protein synthesis was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Data (blood, protein synthesis, responses, etc.) were analyzed several times for the 3 different consumptions of drinks."
490,M1_23_1,"The first novel finding of this study was that mTOR signaling and rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) following concurrent resistance, continuous and intermittent high-intensity exercise, designed to mimic the metabolic profile of many team sports, were impaired during the early (8 h) recovery phase by the ingestion of large amounts (1,5 g•kg−1 BM) of alcohol, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The first finding of this study was that the mTOR enzyme (responsible for muscle growth) and protein synthesis (after exercise) were reduced by an excessive alcohol consumption during the 8 h period of recovery.
491,M1_24_1,"These outcomes were most evident (37% reduction in rates of MPS) when alcohol was consumed in the absence of post-exercise protein intake, as is likely to occur when intoxication reduces the athlete's compliance to sound recovery practices, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",Consequences were most evident when alcohol was consumed without protein (37 % reduction of protein synthesis).
492,M1_25_1,"However, a second finding was that even when protein was consumed in amounts shown to be optimally effective to stimulate MPS [8] during post-exercise recovery, the intake of alcohol reduced MPS by ∼24%, representing only a partial ‘rescue’ of the anabolic response compared with protein alone, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","A second finding was that even with protein consumption, alcohol reduced protein synthesis by around 24%."
493,M1_26_1,"The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central node for integrating nutrient (i,e, amino acid) and exercise/contraction signal transduction [31], [32], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",mTOR is important in absorption of nutrients (like amino acids) and in sending signals to the body to produce an effort.
494,M1_27_1,"In conclusion, the current data provide the novel observation that alcohol impairs the response of MPS in exercise recovery in human skeletal muscle despite optimal nutrient provision, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The data from this study show that alcohol reduce the protein synthesis after exercise even with an optimal consumption of nutrients.
495,M1_28_1,"The quantity of alcohol consumed in the current study was based on amounts reported during binge drinking by athletes, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",The quantity of alcohol consumed in this study was based on consumption by athletes during binge drinking.
496,M1_29_1,"However, published reports suggest intakes of some individuals can be significantly greater [9], [50], which is of concern for many reasons related to health and safety [13], related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","However, reports show that some individuals can consume higher quantities, which is a concern for health and safety issues."
497,M1_30_1,"Regrettably, there has been difficulty in finding an educational message with alcohol consumption related to sports performance that has resonance with athletes, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Regrettably, it is difficult to find an educational message about alcohol consumption and sport performances that speaks to athletes."
498,M1_31_1,"Given the need to promote protein synthesis that underpins adaptation, repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle the results of the current study provide clear evidence of impaired recovery when alcohol is consumed after concurrent (resistance, continuous and intermittent high-intensity) exercise even in the presence of optimal nutritional conditions, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Considering the importance of protein synthesis (adaptation, repair and regeneration of muscles), the results of this study provide evidence of reduced recovery when alcohol is consumed after exercise, even with an optimal consumption of nutrients."
499,M1_32_1,"We propose our data is of paramount interest to athletes and coaches, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.",We consider our data crucial for athletes and coaches.
500,M1_33_1,"Our findings provide an evidence-base for a message of moderation in alcohol intake to promote recovery after exercise with the potential to alter current sports culture and athlete practices, related to Alcohol interfer with recovery and adaptation to training.","Our findings provide evidence for a message of moderation in alcohol consumption to promote recovery after exercise, with the potential to change sport cultures and athlete practices."
501,M10_42_1,"In this paper we revisit a topic originally discussed in 1955, namely the lack of direct evidence that muscle hypertrophy from exercise plays an important role in increasing strength, related to The problem Of muscle hypertrophy: Revisited.","In this paper we revisit a topic originally discussed in 1955, namely the lack of evidence that muscle growth plays an important role in increasing strength."
502,M10_42_2,"To this day, long-term adaptations in strength are thought to be primarily contingent on changes in muscle size, related to The problem Of muscle hypertrophy: Revisited.","To this day, long-term adaptations in strength are thought to be related to changes in muscle size."
503,M10_42_3,"Given this assumption, there has been considerable attention placed on programs designed to allow for maximization of both muscle size and strength, related to The problem Of muscle hypertrophy: Revisited.","Given this assumption, training programs made for increasing both muscle size and strength were popular."
504,M10_42_4,"However, the conclusion that a change in muscle size affects a change in strength is surprisingly based on little evidence, related to The problem Of muscle hypertrophy: Revisited.","However, the conclusion that a change in muscle size has an influence on strength is surprisingly based on little evidence."
505,M10_42_2,"We suggest that these changes may be completely separate phenomena based on: (1) the weak correlation between the change in muscle size and the change in muscle strength after training; (2) the loss of muscle mass with detraining, yet a maintenance of muscle strength; and (3) the similar muscle growth between low-load and high-load resistance training, yet divergent results in strength, related to The problem Of muscle hypertrophy: Revisited.","We suggest that these changes may be based on: (1) the weak correlation between the change in muscle size and the change in muscle strength after training; (2) the loss of muscle mass with the interruption of training, yet a maintenance of muscle strength; and (3) the similar muscle growth between low-load and high-load strength training, yet different results in strength."
506,M11_43_1,"Low-intensity occlusion (50-100 mm hg) training provides a unique beneficial training mode for promoting muscle hypertrophy, related to Occlusion Training for Hypertrophy.","Low-intensity occlusion training, which is a training method with blood flow restriction, provides a unique beneficial training mode for muscle growth."
507,M11_43_2,"Training at intensities as low as 20% 1 repetition maximum with moderate vascular occlusion results in muscle hypertrophy in as little as 3 weeks, related to Occlusion Training for Hypertrophy.",Training at intensities as low as 20% of maximum strength with moderate occlusion results in muscle growth in 3 weeks.
508,M11_43_3,"A typical exercise prescription calls for 3 to 5 sets to volitional fatigue with short rest periods, related to Occlusion Training for Hypertrophy.",A typical exercise consists of 3 to 5 sets to muscle failure with short rest periods.
509,M11_43_3,"The metabolic buildup causes positive physiologic reactions, specifically a rise in growth hormone that is higher than levels found with higher intensities, related to Occlusion Training for Hypertrophy.","The metabolic accumulation causes positive physiologic reactions, specifically a rise in growth hormone, which is one of the main hormone responsible of muscle growth, that is higher than levels found with higher intensities."
510,M11_43_4,"Occlusion training is applicable for those who are unable to sustain high loads due to joint pain, postoperative patients, cardiac rehabilitation, athletes who are unloading, and astronauts, related to Occlusion Training for Hypertrophy.","Occlusion training is applicable for those who are unable to sustain high loads due to joint pain, postoperative patients, cardiac rehabilitation, athletes who are unloading, and astronauts."
511,M12_44_1,"Current dogma suggests aerobic exercise training has minimal effect on skeletal muscle size, related to Hypertrophy after Aerobic Exercise.",Current belief suggests cardio exercise training has minimal effect on muscle size.
512,M12_44_2,"We and others have demonstrated that aerobic exercise acutely and chronically alters protein metabolism and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, related to Hypertrophy after Aerobic Exercise.",We and others have demonstrated that cardio exercise alters protein metabolism (responsible for protein synthesis and muscle growth) and induces muscle growth.
513,M12_44_3,"These findings promote an antithesis to the status quo by providing novel perspective on skeletal muscle mass regulation and insight into exercise-countermeasures for populations prone to muscle loss, related to Hypertrophy after Aerobic Exercise.",These findings against the current belief provide a novel perspective on muscle mass regulation and insight into exercise to prevent muscle loss.
514,M13_45_1,"Stretch training is widely used in a variety of fitness-related capacities such as increasing joint range of motion, preventing contractures and alleviating injuries, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.","Stretch training is used in a variety of fitness capacities such as increasing flexibility, preventing contractures (shortening of muscle) and reduce injuries."
515,M13_45_2,"Moreover, some researches indicate that stretch training may induce muscle hypertrophy; however, studies on the topic have been primarily relegated to animal and in vitro models, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.","Moreover, some researches indicate that stretch training may induce muscle growth."
516,M13_45_3,"The purpose of this brief review was to evaluate whether stretch training is a viable strategy to induce muscle hypertrophy in humans, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.",The purpose of this review was to evaluate if stretch training is a viable strategy to induce muscle growth in humans.
517,M13_45_4,"Of the 10 studies identified, 3 observed some significantly positive effects of stretch training on muscle structure, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.","Of the 10 studies identified, 3 observed positive effects of stretch training on muscles."
518,M13_45_5,"Intriguingly, in these studies, the stretching was carried out with an apparatus that aided in its performance, or with an external overload, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.","In these studies, the stretching was performed with external help like equipment or load."
519,M13_45_6,"Of the 5 available studies that integrated stretching into a resistance training programme, 2 applied the stretching in the interset rest period and were the ones that showed enhanced muscle growth, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.","Of the 5 available studies that integrated stretching into strength training, 2 applied the stretching in the rest period between the sets and were the ones that showed enhanced muscle growth."
520,M13_45_3,"In conclusion, passive, low-intensity stretch does not appear to confer beneficial changes in muscle size and architecture; alternatively, albeit limited evidence suggests that when stretching is done with a certain degree of tensile strain (particularly when loaded, or added between active muscle contractions) may elicit muscle hypertrophy, related to Stretch training induces hypertrophy?.","In conclusion, passive, low-intensity stretch does not appear to produce beneficial changes in muscles but evidence suggests that when stretching is done with a certain intensity (particularly when loaded, or added between active muscle contractions), it may induce muscle growth."
521,M14_46_1,"Cycle training is widely performed as a major part of any exercise program seeking to improve aerobic capacity and cardiovascular health, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.",Cycling training is performed as a major part of any training program which objective is to improve cardiovascular capacities and health.
522,M14_46_2,"However, the effect of cycle training on muscle size and strength gain still requires further insight, even though it is known that professional cyclists display larger muscle size compared to controls, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.","However, the effect of cycling training on muscle size and strength still requires a better comprehension."
523,M14_46_3,"Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of cycle training on muscle size and strength of the lower extremity and the possible mechanisms for increasing muscle size with cycle training, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.","Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of cycling training on muscle size and strength of the legs and the possible mechanisms for increasing muscle size with cycling training."
524,M14_46_2,"It is plausible that cycle training requires a longer period to significantly increase muscle size compared to typical resistance training due to a much slower hypertrophy rate, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.",It is plausible that cycling training requires a longer period to significantly increase muscle size compared to strength training due to a much slower muscle growth rate.
525,M14_46_3,"Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy similarly between young and older age groups, while strength gain seems to favor older adults, which suggests that the probability for improving in muscle quality appears to be higher in older adults compared to young adults, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.","Cycling training induces muscle growth similarly between young and older people, while strength gain seems to favor older adults."
526,M14_46_4,"For young adults, higher-intensity intermittent cycling may be required to achieve strength gains, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.","For young adults, series of high-intensity cycling may be required to achieve strength gains."
527,M14_46_5,"It also appears that muscle hypertrophy induced by cycle training results from the positive changes in muscle protein net balance, related to Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy.","It also appears that muscle growth induced by cycling training results from the positive changes in protein balance, which is the balance between protein intake which leads to muscle growth and protein loss which leads to muscle loss)."
528,M15_47_1,"Resistance training is the most effective method to increase muscle mass, related to Volume for hypertrophy.",Strength training is the most effective method to increase muscle mass.
529,M15_47_2,"It has also been shown to promote many health benefits, related to Volume for hypertrophy.",It has also been shown to promote many health benefits.
530,M15_47_3,"Although it is deemed safe and of clinical relevance for treating and preventing a vast number of diseases, a time-efficient and minimal dose of exercise has been the focus of a great number of research studies, related to Volume for hypertrophy.","Although it is helpful for treating and preventing diseases, a time-efficient and minimal dose of exercise has been the focus of a great number of research studies."
531,M15_47_1,"Similarly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between training dose/volume and physiological response has been hypothesized to exist, related to Volume for hypertrophy.","Similarly, an inverted U-shaped relationship (which means that the efficiency increases until a point, and then starts decreasing) between training volume and physiological response has been hypothesized to exist."
532,M15_47_2,"However, the majority of available evidence supports a clear dose-response relationship between resistance training volume and physiological responses, such as muscle hypertrophy and health outcomes, related to Volume for hypertrophy.","However, evidence supports a clear correlation between resistance training volume (number of exercises, sets, etc.) and physiological responses, such as muscle growth and health outcomes."
533,M15_47_3,"Additionally, there is a paucity of data to support the inverted U-shaped response, related to Volume for hypertrophy.","Additionally, there is a lack of data to support the inverted U-shaped response."
534,M15_47_4,"The overarching principle argued herein is that volume is the most easily modifiable variable that has the most evidenced-based response with important repercussions, be these muscle hypertrophy or health-related outcomes, related to Volume for hypertrophy.","The principle suggested is that volume is the most easily modifiable variable that has the most important response, for muscle growth or health outcomes."
535,M16_48_1,"Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear, related to short versus long inter-set rest intervals on hypertrophy.",The effects of short versus long rest intervals between sets in strength training on muscle growth have been investigated in several studies but the findings and the practical implications are unclear.
536,M16_48_2,"Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy, related to short versus long inter-set rest intervals on hypertrophy.",Current evidence indicates that both short and long rest intervals may be useful for muscle growth.
537,M16_48_3,"Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects, related to short versus long inter-set rest intervals on hypertrophy.",Novel findings suggest for trained people a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to induce muscle growth.
538,M16_48_4,"However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches, related to short versus long inter-set rest intervals on hypertrophy.","However, due to the lack of studies with similar methodologies, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches."
539,M17_49_1,"Memory is a process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved, related to Muscle memory.","Memory is a process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved."
540,M17_49_2,"For vertebrates, the modern view has been that it occurs only in the brain, related to Muscle memory.","For vertebrates, it has been said that it occurs only in the brain."
541,M17_49_1,"This review describes a cellular memory in skeletal muscle in which hypertrophy is 'remembered' such that a fibre that has previously been large, but subsequently lost its mass, can regain mass faster than naive fibres, related to Muscle memory.","This review describes a cellular memory in muscles in which muscle growth is 'remembered' such that a fibre that has lost its mass, can regain it faster than untrained fibres."
542,M17_49_2,"A new cell biological model based on the literature, with the most reliable methods for identifying myonuclei, can explain this phenomenon, related to Muscle memory.","A new model, with the most reliable methods for identifying myonuclei (nuclei in muscle fiber), can explain this phenomenon."
543,M17_49_3,"According to this model, previously untrained fibres recruit myonuclei from activated satellite cells before hypertrophic growth, related to Muscle memory.","According to this model, previously untrained fibres recruit myonuclei from activated satellite cells (quiescent cells acting as a reserve population of cells for regeneration of muscle) before muscle growth."
544,M17_49_4,"Even if subsequently subjected to grave atrophy, the higher number of myonuclei is retained, and the myonuclei seem to be protected against the elevated apoptotic activity observed in atrophying muscle tissue, related to Muscle memory.","Even after grave muscle loss, the higher number of myonuclei is retained, and the myonuclei seem to be protected against programmed cell death observed during muscle loss."
545,M17_49_5,"Fibres that have acquired a higher number of myonuclei grow faster when subjected to overload exercise, thus the nuclei represent a functionally important 'memory' of previous strength, related to Muscle memory.","Fibres that have acquired a higher number of myonuclei grow faster during strength exercise, thus the nuclei represent a functionally important 'memory' of previous strength."
546,M17_49_8,"This memory might be very long lasting in humans, as myonuclei are stable for at least 15 years and might even be permanent, related to Muscle memory.","This memory might be very long lasting in humans, as myonuclei are stable for at least 15 years and might even be permanent."
547,M17_49_6,"However, myonuclei are harder to recruit in the elderly, and if the long-lasting muscle memory also exists in humans, one should consider early strength training as a public health advice, related to Muscle memory.","However, myonuclei are harder to recruit for old people, and if the long-lasting muscle memory also exists in humans, one should consider early strength training as a public health advice."
548,M18_50_1,"It has been hypothesized that eating small, frequent meals enhances fat loss and helps to achieve better weight maintenance, related to Effects of meal frequency on weight loss.","It has been hypothesized that eating small, frequent meals enhances fat loss and helps for better weight maintenance."
549,M18_50_1,"Several observational studies lend support to this hypothesis, with an inverse relationship noted between the frequency of eating and adiposity, related to Effects of meal frequency on weight loss.","Several studies support this hypothesis, with a link between the frequency of eating and being overweight."
550,M18_50_2,"The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss a meta-analysis with regression that evaluated experimental research on meal frequency with respect to changes in fat mass and lean mass, related to Effects of meal frequency on weight loss.",This review aims to present and discuss a research on meal frequency with respect to changes in body mass.
551,M18_50_4,"Feeding frequency was positively associated with reductions in fat mass and body fat percentage as well as an increase in fat-free mass, related to Effects of meal frequency on weight loss.",Eating frequency was positively associated with reductions in fat mass and increasing in fat-free mass.
552,M18_50_5,"However, sensitivity analysis of the data showed that the positive findings were the product of a single study, casting doubt as to whether more frequent meals confer beneficial effects on body composition, related to Effects of meal frequency on weight loss.","However, the positive findings were the product of a single study, leaving a doubt about the beneficial effect of frequent meals on body composition."
553,M18_50_6,"In conclusion, although the initial results of this meta-analysis suggest a potential benefit of increased feeding frequencies for enhancing body composition, these findings need to be interpreted with circumspection, related to Effects of meal frequency on weight loss.","In conclusion, although the initial results suggest a potential benefit of increased eating frequencies for enhancing body composition, these findings need to be carefully interpreted."
554,M19_51_1,"Inactive adults experience a 3% to 8% loss of muscle mass per decade, accompanied by resting metabolic rate reduction and fat accumulation, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Per decade, inactive adults experience a muscle loss of 3% to 8%, a reduction of resting metabolic rate (energy consumed by the body at rest) and fat accumulation."
555,M19_51_2,"Ten weeks of resistance training may increase lean weight by 1,4 kg, increase resting metabolic rate by 7%, and reduce fat weight by 1,8 kg, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Ten weeks of strength training may increase fat-free mass by 1.4 kg, resting metabolic rate by 7%, and reduce fat weight by 1.8 kg."
556,M19_51_3,"Benefits of resistance training include improved physical performance, movement control, walking speed, functional independence, cognitive abilities, and self-esteem, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Benefits of strength training include improved physical performance, movement control, walking speed, functional independence, cognitive abilities, and self-esteem."
557,M19_51_3,"Resistance training may assist prevention and management of type 2 diabetes by decreasing visceral fat, reducing HbA1c, increasing the density of glucose transporter type 4, and improving insulin sensitivity, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Strength training may assist prevention and management of type 2 diabetes by decreasing abdominal fat, reducing HbA1c which is a form of hemoglobin linked to a sugar, increasing the density of glucose transporter type 4, and improving insulin sensitivity."
558,M19_51_4,"Resistance training may enhance cardiovascular health, by reducing resting blood pressure, decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Strength training may enhance cardiovascular health, by reducing resting blood pressure, decreasing 'bad' cholesterol and triglycerides (main constituents of body fat), and increasing 'good' cholesterol."
559,M19_51_5,"Resistance training may promote bone development, with studies showing 1% to 3% increase in bone mineral density, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Strength training may promote bone development, with studies showing 1% to 3% increase in bone mineral density."
560,M19_51_6,"Resistance training may be effective for reducing low back pain and easing discomfort associated with arthritis and fibromyalgia and has been shown to reverse specific aging factors in skeletal muscle, related to Resistance Training is Medicine.","Strength training may be effective for reducing low back pain, joint and muscle pain, and reverse specific aging factors in muscles."
561,M2_34_1,"Physical activity has proved to be an effective means of preventing several diseases and improving general health, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.",Physical activity has many benefits like preventing diseases and improving general health.
562,M2_34_1,"Common sense advices call for late inception of intense, strength training-related activities, like weight lifting and plyometrics, which are usually postponed at the end of the growth age, even among sport practitioners, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.","In popular opinion, it is recommended to start intense physical activities like weight lifting and plyometrics (exercises like sprint and jumps) after adolescence."
563,M2_34_3,"However, such advices seem to have a mainly anecdotal nature, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.",But this advice does not seem to be based on facts.
564,M2_34_2,"Current literature does not seem to have any particular aversion against the practice of strength training by children and adolescents, provided that some safety rules are followed, like medical clearance, proper instruction from a qualified professional and progressive overload, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.","We did not find any recommendation against strength training at a young age if it is well supervised with safety rules, medical clearance, proper instruction from a professional and progressive overload (gradual increase of stress on muscle and nervous system)."
565,M2_34_5,"At the same time, several studies provide consistent findings supporting the benefits of repeated, intense physical efforts in young subjects, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.","Several studies showed many benefits of repeated, intense physical efforts in young people."
566,M2_34_6,"Improved motor skills and body composition, in terms of increased fat free mass, reduced fat mass and enhanced bone health, have been extensively documented, especially if sport practice began early, when the subjects were pubescent, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.","Improved motor skills and body composition (muscle mass increased, fat mass decreased, healthier bone) were found in studies, especially if sport practice began during puberty."
567,M2_34_7,"It can be therefore concluded that strength training is a relatively safe and healthy practice for children and adolescents, related to Benefits of strength training for adolescents.",We can conclude that strength training is a safe and healthy practice for children and adolescents.
568,M20_52_1,"Human aging results in a variety of changes to skeletal muscle, related to Resistance training for muscle function deficits.",Human aging results in a variety of changes to muscles.
569,M20_52_2,"Sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of muscle mass and is one of the main contributors to musculoskeletal impairments in the elderly, related to Resistance training for muscle function deficits.",Sarcopenia is the age-associated muscle loss and is one of the main contributors to muscle disorders in older adults.
570,M20_52_3,"Previous research has demonstrated that resistance training can attenuate skeletal muscle function deficits in older adults, however few articles have focused on the effects of resistance training on functional mobility, related to Resistance training for muscle function deficits.","Previous research has demonstrated that strength training can attenuate muscle function deficits in older adults, however few articles have focused on the effects of strength training on mobility."
571,M20_52_4,"The purpose of this systematic review was to 1) present the current state of literature regarding the effects of resistance training on functional mobility outcomes for older adults with skeletal muscle function deficits and 2) provide clinicians with practical guidelines that can be used with seniors during resistance training, or to encourage exercise, related to Resistance training for muscle function deficits.",The purpose of this review was to present the effects of strength training on mobility for older adults with muscle function deficits and to provide guidelines that can be used with seniors during strength training.
572,M20_52_5,"We set forth evidence that resistance training can attenuate age-related changes in functional mobility, including improvements in gait speed, static and dynamic balance, and fall risk reduction, related to Resistance training for muscle function deficits.","We present evidence that strength training can attenuate age-related changes in mobility, including improvements in walking speed, static and dynamic balance, and fall risk reduction."
573,M20_52_6,"Older adults should be encouraged to participate in progressive resistance training activities, and should be admonished to move along a continuum of exercise from immobility, toward the recommended daily amounts of activity, related to Resistance training for muscle function deficits.","Older adults should be encouraged to participate in strength training activities, and should avoid immobility."
574,M21_53_1,"Maximizing the hypertrophic response to resistance training (RT) is thought to be best achieved by proper manipulation of exercise program variables including exercise selection, exercise order, length of rest intervals, intensity of maximal load, and training volume, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.","Maximizing the muscle growth following strength training can be done by manipulating variables like exercise selection, exercise order, rest intervals, intensity of maximal load, and training volume (number of exercises, sets, etc.)."
575,M21_53_2,"An often overlooked variable that also may impact muscle growth is repetition duration, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.",A neglected variable that also may impact muscle growth is repetition duration.
576,M21_53_2,"Duration amounts to the sum total of the concentric, eccentric, and isometric components of a repetition, and is predicated on the tempo at which the repetition is performed, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.","Total duration of a repetition is the sum of the contraction, the lengthening and isometric (static contraction) and is based on the tempo."
577,M21_53_3,"We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether alterations in repetition duration can amplify the hypertrophic response to RT, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.",We conducted a review and analysis of multiple studies to determine if modification of repetition duration can amplify the muscle growth.
578,M21_53_4,"Results indicate that hypertrophic outcomes are similar when training with repetition durations ranging from 0,5 to 8 s, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.",Results indicate that muscle growth is similar when training with repetition durations from 0.5 to 8 s.
579,M21_53_6,"From a practical standpoint it would seem that a fairly wide range of repetition durations can be employed if the primary goal is to maximize muscle growth, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.",Using a wide range of repetition durations can be employed if the primary goal is to maximize muscle growth.
580,M21_53_5,"Findings suggest that training at volitionally very slow durations (>10s per repetition) is inferior from a hypertrophy standpoint, although a lack of controlled studies on the topic makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions, related to Effect of Repetition Duration on Hypertrophy.","Findings suggest that training at very slow durations (>10s per repetition) is less efficient for muscle growth, although a lack of studies on the topic makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions."
581,M22_54_1,"Recovery from exercise refers to the time period between the end of a bout of exercise and the subsequent return to a resting or recovered state, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.",Recovery from exercise refers to the time period between the end of exercise and the return to a resting or recovered state.
582,M22_54_2,"It also refers to specific physiological processes or states occurring after exercise that are distinct from the physiology of either the exercising or the resting states, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.",It also refers to specific physiological processes occurring after exercise.
583,M22_54_3,"In this context, recovery of the cardiovascular system after exercise occurs across a period of minutes to hours, during which many characteristics of the system, even how it is controlled, change over time, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.","Recovery of the cardiovascular system occurs across a period of minutes to hours, during which many characteristics of the system change over time."
584,M22_54_4,"Some of these changes may be necessary for long-term adaptation to exercise training, yet some can lead to cardiovascular instability during recovery, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.","Some of these changes may be necessary for long-term adaptation to exercise training, yet some can lead to cardiovascular instability during recovery."
585,M22_54_5,"Furthermore, some of these changes may provide insight into when the cardiovascular system has recovered from prior training and is physiologically ready for additional training stress, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.",These changes may provide insight into when the cardiovascular system has recovered and is physiologically ready for additional training.
586,M22_54_1,"This review focuses on the most consistently observed hemodynamic adjustments and the underlying causes that drive cardiovascular recovery and will highlight how they differ following resistance and aerobic exercise, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.",This review focuses on the most consistently observed blood flow adjustments and the causes that drive cardiovascular recovery and how they differ following strength and cardio exercise.
587,M22_54_2,"Primary emphasis will be placed on the hypotensive effect of aerobic and resistance exercise and associated mechanisms that have clinical relevance, but if left unchecked, can progress to symptomatic hypotension and syncope, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.","First we focus on the effect leading to low blood pressure of cardio and strength exercise and associated mechanisms, which can progress to symptomatic hypotension (low blood pressure) and fainting."
588,M22_54_8,"Finally, we focus on the practical application of this information to strategies to maximize the benefits of cardiovascular recovery, or minimize the vulnerabilities of this state, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.","Finally, we focus on the practical application to maximize the benefits of cardiovascular recovery, or minimize the vulnerabilities."
589,M22_54_9,"We will explore appropriate field measures, and discuss to what extent these can guide an athlete's training, related to The cardiovascular system after exercise.","We will explore measures, and discuss how these can guide an athlete's training."
590,M23_55_1,"Exercise and physical activity are increasingly becoming key tools in the treatment and prevention of several medical conditions including arthritis and diabetes; this notion has been termed ""exercise as medicine"", related to ""Exercise as medicine"" in chronic kidney disease.",Exercise and physical activity are key tools in the treatment and prevention of several medical conditions including joint disorders and diabetes.
591,M23_55_2,"Exercise has favorable effects on reducing cardiovascular risk, inflammation, cachexia, and hypertension, in addition to increasing physical functioning, strength, and cardio-respiratory capacity, related to ""Exercise as medicine"" in chronic kidney disease.","Exercise can reduce cardiovascular risk, inflammation, illness causing muscle loss, and hypertension, in addition to increasing physical functioning, strength, and cardio-respiratory capacity."
592,M23_55_3,"Chronic kidney disease, a condition that affects around 10% of the population, is often overlooked as a target for exercise-based therapy, related to ""Exercise as medicine"" in chronic kidney disease.","Chronic kidney disease, a condition that affects around 10% of the population, is often neglected as a target for exercise-based therapy."
593,M23_55_3,"Despite the vast range of severity in kidney disease (e,g,, pre-dialysis, dialysis, transplant), exercise has a potential role in all patients suffering from the condition, related to ""Exercise as medicine"" in chronic kidney disease.","Despite the vast range of severity in kidney disease, exercise has a potential role in all patients suffering from the condition."
594,M23_55_5,"In this review, we summarise the important role exercise may have in the clinical management of kidney disease and how this form of 'medicine' should be best administered and 'prescribed', related to ""Exercise as medicine"" in chronic kidney disease.","In this review, we summarise the potential important role of exercise in the management of kidney disease and how this form of 'medicine' should be used."
595,M24_56_1,"Blood flow restriction (BFR) is an effective clinical intervention used to increase strength in healthy individuals, related to blood flow restriction in individuals with knee pain.",Exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is used to increase strength in healthy individuals.
596,M24_56_2,"However, its effects on pain and function in individuals with knee pain are unknown, related to blood flow restriction in individuals with knee pain.","However, its effects on individuals with knee pain are unknown."
597,M24_56_2,"Objective: To determine the effectiveness of adding BFR to resistance exercise for pain relief and improvement of function in patients with knee pain, related to blood flow restriction in individuals with knee pain.",The objective is to determine the effectiveness of adding BFR to strength exercise for pain relief and improvement of function in patients with knee pain.
598,M24_56_3,"Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, related to blood flow restriction in individuals with knee pain.",We conducted a review and analysis of multiple studies.
599,M24_56_4,"Randomized clinical trials that compared resistance exercise with or without BFR to treat knee pain and function in individuals older than 18 years of age with knee pain were included, related to blood flow restriction in individuals with knee pain.",Studies that compared strength exercise with or without BFR to treat knee pain and function.
600,M24_56_5,"The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimate showed that resistance exercises with BFR was not more effective than resistance exercises for reducing pain (SMD: -0,37cm, 95% CI=-0,93, 0,19) and improving knee function (SMD=-0,23 points, 95% CI=-0,71, 0,26) in patients with knee pain, related to blood flow restriction in individuals with knee pain.",The results showed that resistance exercises with BFR was not more effective than strength exercises for reducing pain and improving knee function in patients with knee pain.
601,M25_57_1,"In Japan, there were an estimated 43 million patients with hypertension in 2010, related to Prescription of exercise training for hypertensives.","In Japan, 43 million patients had high blood pressure in 2010."
602,M25_57_2,"The management of this condition is given the highest priority in disease control, and the importance of lifestyle changes for the prevention and treatment of hypertension has been recognized in Japan, related to Prescription of exercise training for hypertensives.",The management of this condition and the importance of lifestyle changes for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure has been recognized in Japan.
603,M25_57_3,"In particular, emphasis has been placed on increasing the levels of activities of daily living and physical exercise (sports), related to Prescription of exercise training for hypertensives.","In particular, increasing the levels of activities of daily living and physical exercise."
604,M25_57_3,"In this literature review, we examined appropriate exercise prescriptions (e,g,, type, intensity, duration per session, and frequency) for the prevention and treatment of hypertension as described in Japanese and foreign articles, related to Prescription of exercise training for hypertensives.","In this review, we examined appropriate exercise prescriptions (e.g., type, intensity, duration per session, and frequency) for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure."
605,M25_57_4,"This review recommends safe and effective whole-body aerobic exercise at moderate intensity (i,e,, 50-65% of maximum oxygen intake, 30-60 min per session, 3-4 times a week) that primarily focuses on the major muscle groups for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, related to Prescription of exercise training for hypertensives.","This review recommends full body cardio exercise at moderate intensity (i.e., 50-65% of maximum intensity, 30-60 min per session, 3-4 times a week) that focuses on the major muscle groups."
606,M25_57_5,"Resistance exercise should be performed at low-intensity without breath-holding and should be used as supplementary exercise, but resistance exercise is contraindicated in patients with hypertension who have chest symptoms such as chest pain, related to Prescription of exercise training for hypertensives.","Strength exercise should be performed at low-intensity without breath-holding and should be used as supplementary exercise, but it is contraindicated in patients with high blood pressure who have chest symptoms such as chest pain."
607,M3_35_1,"recently, there has been a renewed public interest in IFast, related to Effects of intermittent fasting on sport performance.","Nowadays, people are interested in intermittent fasting (an eating pattern where you cycle between periods of eating and fasting)"
608,M3_35_2,"Given the importance of nutrition in optimizing athletic performance, there is a concern about the effects of IFast on athletics, related to Effects of intermittent fasting on sport performance.",Nutrition is important for the optimization of sport performance so there is a concern about the effects of intermittent fasting on performance.
609,M3_35_3,"Looking at high-intensity, endurance, and resistance exercises, studies have been varied but are uniform in showing that there is no benefit to athletic performance while fasting, related to Effects of intermittent fasting on sport performance.","Studies showed that there are no benefit in high-intensity, endurance or strength training while fasting."
610,M4_36_1,"Nearly every physically active person encounters periods in which the time available for exercise is limited (e,g,, personal, family, or business conflicts), related to Maintaining Physical Performance.",Physically active people encounter periods with limited time available for exercise.
611,M4_36_2,"During such periods, the goal of physical training may be to simply maintain (rather than improve) physical performance, related to Maintaining Physical Performance.","During such periods, the goal of training may be to simply maintain physical performance."
612,M4_36_3,"Similarly, certain special populations may desire to maintain performance for prolonged periods, namely athletes (during the competitive season and off-season) and military personnel (during deployment), related to Maintaining Physical Performance.","Some people may also desire to maintain performance for prolonged periods, like athletes during competitive season or militaries during deployment."
613,M4_36_1,"In general populations, endurance performance can be maintained for up to 15 weeks when training frequency is reduced to as little as 2 sessions per week or when exercise volume is reduced by 33–66% (as low as 13–26 minutes per session), as long as exercise intensity (exercising heart rate) is maintained, related to Maintaining Physical Performance.","Endurance performance can be maintained for up to 15 weeks with 2 trainings per week, or with a reduction of 13–26 minutes per training, as long as exercise intensity (exercising heart rate) is maintained."
614,M4_36_5,"Strength and muscle size (at least in younger populations) can be maintained for up to 32 weeks with as little as 1 session of strength training per week and 1 set per exercise, as long as exercise intensity (relative load) is maintained; whereas, in older populations, maintaining muscle size may require up to 2 sessions per week and 2–3 sets per exercise, while maintaining exercise intensity, related to Maintaining Physical Performance.","Strength and muscle size can be maintained for up to 32 weeks with 1 strength training per week and 1 set per exercise, as long as exercise intensity (load) is maintained. In older populations, maintaining muscle size may require up to 2 trainings per week and 2–3 sets per exercise, while maintaining exercise intensity."
615,M4_36_2,"Our primary conclusion is that exercise intensity seems to be the key variable for maintaining physical performance over time, despite relatively large reductions in exercise frequency and volume, related to Maintaining Physical Performance.","Exercise intensity seems to be the key variable for maintaining physical performance, even with reduction of frequency and volume (number of exercises, sets, etc.)"
616,M5_37_1,"Nutrient timing is a popular nutritional strategy that involves the consumption of combinations of nutrients--primarily protein and carbohydrate--in and around an exercise session, related to post-exercise anabolic window.",Nutrient timing is a popular nutritional strategy that involves the consumption of combinations of nutrients around an exercise session.
617,M5_37_2,"Some have claimed that this approach can produce dramatic improvements in body composition, related to post-exercise anabolic window.",Some people say that this approach can produce dramatic improvements in body composition.
618,M5_37_3,"It has even been postulated that the timing of nutritional consumption may be more important than the absolute daily intake of nutrients, related to post-exercise anabolic window.",It has even been hypothesized that the timing may be more important than the total daily intake of nutrients.
619,M5_37_4,"The post-exercise period is widely considered the most critical part of nutrient timing, related to post-exercise anabolic window.",The post-exercise period is considered the most important part of nutrient timing.
620,M5_37_2,"Theoretically, consuming the proper ratio of nutrients during this time not only initiates the rebuilding of damaged muscle tissue and restoration of energy reserves, but it does so in a supercompensated fashion that enhances both body composition and exercise performance, related to post-exercise anabolic window.","In theory, consuming the proper ratio of nutrients during this time allows the rebuilding of damaged muscle tissue and restoration of energy reserves, but also enhances both body composition and exercise performance."
621,M5_37_3,"Several researchers have made reference to an anabolic “window of opportunity” whereby a limited time exists after training to optimize training-related muscular adaptations, related to post-exercise anabolic window.",Researchers have made reference to an anabolic “window of opportunity” (a limited time after training to optimize muscular adaptations).
622,M5_37_7,"However, the importance - and even the existence - of a post-exercise ‘window’ can vary according to a number of factors, related to post-exercise anabolic window.","However, the importance - and even the existence - of a post-exercise ‘window’ can vary according to a number of factors."
623,M5_37_4,"Not only is nutrient timing research open to question in terms of applicability, but recent evidence has directly challenged the classical view of the relevance of post-exercise nutritional intake with respect to anabolism, related to post-exercise anabolic window.","Research is uncertain about the applicability of nutrient timing. Besides, the relevance of post-exercise nutritional intake concerning anabolism (increasing muscle mass) has been challenged by recent evidence."
624,M6_38_1,"Lack of time is among the more commonly reported barriers for abstention from exercise programs, related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.",Lack of time is one of the most common reason for not exercising.
625,M6_38_2,"The aim of this review was to determine how strength training can be most effectively carried out in a time-efficient manner by critically evaluating research on acute training variables, advanced training techniques, and the need for warm-up and stretching, related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.","The aim of this review was to determine how strength training can be time-efficient by evaluating research on training variables, advanced training techniques, and the need for warm-up and stretching."
626,M26_38_1,"When programming strength training for optimum time-efficiency we recommend prioritizing bilateral, multi-joint exercises that include full dynamic movements (i,e, both eccentric and concentric muscle actions), and to perform a minimum of one leg pressing exercise (e,g, squats), one upper-body pulling exercise (e,g, pull-up) and one upper-body pushing exercise (e,g, bench press), related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.","We recommend choosing bilateral (with the two arms or legs), multi-joint (multiple joints involved) exercises that include full dynamic movements and to perform a minimum of one leg pressing exercise (e.g. squats), one pulling exercise (e.g. pull-up) and one pushing exercise (e.g. bench press)."
627,M6_38_4,"Exercises can be performed with machines and/or free weights based on training goals, availability, and personal preferences, related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.",Exercises can be performed with machines and/or free weights.
628,M26_38_2,"Weekly training volume is more important than training frequency and we recommend performing a minimum of 4 weekly sets per muscle group using a 6–15 RM loading range (15–40 repetitions can be used if training is performed to volitional failure), related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.","Weekly training volume (number of exercises, sets, etc.) is more important than training frequency and we recommend a minimum of 4 weekly sets per muscle group using a load that permits to do 6 to 15 repetitions."
629,M26_38_3,"Advanced training techniques, such as supersets, drop sets and rest-pause training roughly halves training time compared to traditional training, while maintaining training volume, related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.","Advanced training techniques like combining exercises with no rest or shortening the rest time while using lighter weights can cuts the training time in half, while maintaining training volume."
630,M26_38_4,"However, these methods are probably better at inducing hypertrophy than muscular strength, and more research is needed on longitudinal training effects, related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.","However, these methods are probably better to increase muscle mass than strength."
631,M6_38_8,"Finally, we advise restricting the warm-up to exercise-specific warm-ups, and only prioritize stretching if the goal of training is to increase flexibility, related to No Time to Lift? Designing Time‑Efficient Training Programs.","Finally, we advise exercise-specific warm-ups, and stretching only if the goal of training is to increase flexibility."
632,M7_39_1,"Training frequency is considered an important variable in the hypertrophic response to regimented resistance exercise, related to How many training per week for hypetrophy?.",Training frequency is an important variable for hypertrophy (increasing muscle mass) in strength training.
633,M7_39_2,"The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies designed to investigate the effects of weekly training frequency on hypertrophic adaptations, related to How many training per week for hypetrophy?.",The purpose of this paper was to conduct a review and analysis of multiple studies investigating the effects of weekly training frequency on hypertrophy.
634,M7_39_3,"Results showed no significant difference between higher and lower frequency on a volume-equated basis, related to How many training per week for hypetrophy?.","Results showed no significant difference between higher and lower frequency with the same training volume (number of exercises, sets, etc.)."
635,M7_39_4,"Meta-regression analysis of non-volume-equated studies showed a significant effect favoring higher frequencies, although the overall difference in magnitude of effect between frequencies of 1 and 3+ days per week was modest, related to How many training per week for hypetrophy?.","Analysis of studies with different training volumes showed better results for higher frequencies, although the difference between frequencies of 1 and 3+ days per week was small."
636,M7_39_5,"In conclusion, there is strong evidence that resistance training frequency does not significantly or meaningfully impact muscle hypertrophy when volume is equated, related to How many training per week for hypetrophy?.","In conclusion, there is strong evidence that resistance training frequency does not significantly impact muscle hypertrophy when training volume is the same."
637,M7_39_6,"Thus, for a given training volume, individuals can choose a weekly frequency per muscle groups based on personal preference, related to How many training per week for hypetrophy?.","Thus, for a given training volume, individuals can choose a weekly frequency per muscle groups based on personal preference."
638,M8_40_1,"A variety of specialized training techniques have been advocated as a means to heighten muscle growth, related to Training Techniques for hypertrophy.","Forced repetitions/drop sets (use lighter weight or receiving help to continue the set), supersets (combining exercises with no rest), and heavy negatives (lowering phase of the lift), are pretended to enhance hypertrophy (increasing muscle mass)."
639,M8_40_1,"Forced repetitions/drop sets, supersets, and heavy negatives, in particular, have been purported to enhance the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise, related to Training Techniques for hypertrophy.",This article will explore the potential role of these techniques in promoting muscle hypertrophy and provide an insight into possible applications to strength training.
640,M8_40_2,"This article will explore the potential role of these techniques in promoting muscle hypertrophy and provide an insight into possible applications to resistance training programs, related to Training Techniques for hypertrophy.",Increasing muscle mass is the goal of many people who lift weights.
641,M9_41_1,"The quest to increase lean body mass is widely pursued by those who lift weights, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.","Research is lacking, however, as to the optimal way to induce muscle growth."
642,M9_41_2,"Research is lacking, however, as to the best approach for maximizing exercise-induced muscle growth, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.",Bodybuilders train with moderate loads and short rest intervals.
643,M9_41_2,"Bodybuilders generally train with moderate loads and fairly short rest intervals that induce high amounts of metabolic stress, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.","Powerlifters, on the other hand, train with high-intensity loads and lengthy rest periods."
644,M9_41_4,"Powerlifters, on the other hand, routinely train with high-intensity loads and lengthy rest periods between sets, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.","Although both groups are known to display impressive muscularity, it is not clear which method is superior for increasing muscle mass."
645,M9_41_3,"Although both groups are known to display impressive muscularity, it is not clear which method is superior for hypertrophic gains, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.","It has been shown that many factors mediate the process of muscle growth and that mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress all can play a role in muscle growth."
646,M9_41_4,"It has been shown that many factors mediate the hypertrophic process and that mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress all can play a role in exercise-induced muscle growth, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.","Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature as to the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to exercise training and to draw conclusions from the research as to the optimal way to induce muscle growth."
647,M9_41_5,"Therefore, the purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) to extensively review the literature as to the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to exercise training and (b) to draw conclusions from the research as to the optimal protocol for maximizing muscle growth, related to Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy.",